Chirocephalus diaphanus
Chirocephalus diaphanus | |
---|---|
Female (top) & male (bottom) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Branchiopoda |
Order: | Anostraca |
Family: | Chirocephalidae |
Genus: | Chirocephalus |
Species: | C. diaphanus
|
Binomial name | |
Chirocephalus diaphanus Prévost, 1803
|
Chirocephalus diaphanus is a widely distributed
The
Description
Chirocephalus diaphanus is a "beautiful, translucent crustacean".[1] Its body is subcylindrical, and around 0.5 inches (13 mm) long, mostly transparent, but with black eyes, and red tips to the appendages and abdomen.[2]
The body becomes wider towards the head, which has a conspicuous mandibular groove. It also bears a pair of stalked
The
Males and females can be recognised by a suite of sexually dimorphic characters. While the antennae of females are triangular and relatively short, males' antennae are long and jointed, and each one bears a complex "frontal appendage", which is used to clasp the female during mating.[2] The last somite of the thorax is fused with the first somite of the abdomen. In males, it bears a pair of processes, the extensions of the vasa deferentia in a protrusible penis. In females, there is a single egg pouch, which is also thought to derive from a pair of appendages.[2]
Distribution
Chirocephalus diaphanus is a
C. diaphanus is the only species of
Ecology and life cycle
The fairy shrimp is found in temporary pools of water, from seasonal ponds to muddy ruts, preferring sites with regular disturbance, such as passing tractors or livestock. It has a broad range of ecological tolerances, in terms of temperature,
The life cycle of Chirocephalus diaphanus is extremely fast.[1] The typical duration of a full life cycle is not known, but a figure of around 3 months has been suggested.[3] The eggs are tolerant to drying out; when their habitat fills with water again, some of the eggs will hatch, while others remain dormant.[1] This enables the species to continue to survive in an unpredictable habitat, since some eggs remain in case the habitat does not persist for long enough for the animals to mate and produce offspring.[1] Dispersal between bodies of water can occur through the movements of animals such as cattle, deer and horses.[1]
Conservation status
Chirocephalus diaphanus is subject to protection under
Taxonomic history
The first mention of any Chirocephalus species in the scientific literature was a sketch by James Petiver in a 1704 volume of his Gazophylacii Naturae, where he named it Squilla lacustris minima, dorso natante ("tiny freshwater Squilla, swimming on its back").[3] There was much confusion between species in the early literature, and it is often unclear what species early authors were referring to.[9] Carl Linnaeus, having described a fairy shrimp as a possible insect larva in Fauna Suecica, described it among the crustaceans in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae in 1758, under the name "Cancer stagnalis" (now Tanymastix stagnalis). That name was also used by later authors, but sometimes referring to other species.[9]
The situation was clarified by Bénédict Prévost in 1803, when he published a detailed description of Chirocephalus diaphanus, including mention of the frontal appendages which distinguish it from other fairy shrimp such as Tanymastix stagnalis.[9] Prévost's work was originally published in the Journal de Physique in 1803, and was reprinted by Louis Jurine as an appendix to his 1820 Histoire des Monocles, qui se trouvent aux Environs de Genève.[9]
The name Chirocephalus derives from the Greek words χείρ ("hand"), and κεφαλή ("head").[9] The specific epithet diaphanus derives from the Greek διαφανής, meaning "diaphanous" or transparent. Prévost later regretted the epithet, arguing that several other species were just as transparent as the one he had described.[10] The common name "fairy shrimp" comes from the animal's delicate appearance, and the "iridescent gleaming of the bristles on its appendages".[2]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Fairy shrimp (Chirocephalus diaphanus)". ARKive. Archived from the original on 2010-06-30. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i L. A. Borradaile; F. A. Potts (1961). "Order Anostraca". The Invertebrata (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 370–373.
- ^ .
- ^ S2CID 33159433.
- ^ L. Paulssen (2000). "De Kieuwpootkreeft Chirocephalus diaphanus (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) ontdekt in Limburg" [The fairy shrimp Chirocephalus diaphanus (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) discovered in Limburg]. Natuurhistorisch Maandblad (in Dutch). 89 (10): 226–229.
- ^ "Resolution: Schutz des einzigen Vorkommens von Chirocephalus diaphanus in den BENELUX-Staaten in Zuid-Limburg (NL)" [Resolution: Protection of the only occurrence of Chirocephalus diaphanus in the Benelux states in South Limburg (NL)] (in German). Naturschutzbund Niederösterreich. October 14, 2007. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
- ISBN 3-89624-110-9. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2016-03-01. Retrieved 2011-06-09.
- ^ "Isle of Man Government Wildlife Act 1990 : Schedule 5 : Animals which are protected" (PDF). Gov.im. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
- ^ ISBN 9780384030800.
- ^ Bénédict Prévost (1820). "Mémoire sur le Chirocéphale". In Louis Jurine (ed.). Histoire des Monocles, qui se trouvent aux Environs de Genève. Geneva: J. J. Paschoud. pp. 201–244.