Cinema of the Netherlands
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2007) |
Cinema of the Netherlands | |
---|---|
No. of screens | 806 (2012)[1] |
• Per capita | 5.2 per 100,000 (2011)[2] |
Main distributors | Warner Bros. 27.0% Universal Pictures International 16.6 Benelux Distributors (Bfd) 12.3% Sony Pictures 12.1%[3] |
Produced feature films (2011)[4] | |
Fictional | 55 (75.3%) |
Animated | – |
Documentary | 18 (24.7%) |
Number of admissions (2012)[1] | |
Total | 30,600,000 |
• Per capita | 1.8 (2012)[5] |
National films | 4,800,000 (15.8%) |
Gross box office (2012)[1] | |
Total | €244.6 million |
National films | €35.9 million (14.7%) |
Cinema of the Netherlands refers to the film industry based in the Netherlands. Because the Dutch film industry is relatively small, and there is little or no international market for Dutch films, almost all films rely on state funding. This funding can be achieved through several sources, for instance through the Netherlands Film Fund or the public broadcast networks. In recent years the Dutch Government has established several tax shelters for private investments in Dutch films.[6]
Box office
In 2000 the total revenue coming from box office results in the Netherlands was €128.5 million; Dutch films had a share of 5.5%, which is €7.1 million. In 2006 the total revenue was €155.9 million; Dutch films had a share of 11.5%, which is €17.4 million.[7]
The Netherlands Film Festival and the Netherlands Film Fund are the initiators of four awards recognising box office achievements in the Netherlands. The awards are intended to generate positive publicity for a film when the media attention for the film's release has stopped.[8] The Golden Film is awarded to films once they have sold 100,000 cinema tickets, the Platinum Film at 400,000 tickets, and the Diamond Film at 1,000,000 tickets. The Crystal Film is for documentary films from the Netherlands and is awarded once the film has sold 10,000 cinema tickets.
The most visited film in Dutch cinema history is Titanic, which attracted 3,405,708 visitors. Proportionately the most visited Dutch film is Turkish Delight which had 3,328,804 visitors in 1973, approximately a quarter of the entire population at the time. Titanic, by comparison, drew roughly one fifth of the population of the Netherlands in the late nineties.
History
The first Dutch film was the slapstick comedy Gestoorde hengelaar (1896) by M.H. Laddé.[9][10] Willy Mullens was one of the influential pioneers of Dutch cinema in the early 1900s. His short slapstick comedy The Misadventure of a French Gentleman Without Pants at the Zandvoort Beach is one of the oldest surviving Dutch fiction films.
Although the Dutch film industry is relatively small, there have been several active periods in which Dutch filmmaking thrived. The first boom came during the First World War when the Netherlands was one of the neutral states. Studios like Hollandia produced an impressive cycle of feature films. A second wave followed in the 1930s, as talking pictures led to a call for Dutch-spoken films, which resulted in a boom in production: between 1934 and 1940, 37 feature films were released. The film Dead Water (1934), directed by Gerard Rutten, won the Coppa Istituto Luce at the Venice Film Festival (1934), for best cinematography, which was the work of Andor von Barsy.
To accommodate the rapid growth, the Dutch film industry looked to foreign personnel experienced with sound film technology. Mostly these were Germans, or people who had worked in Germany, who fled the country after
During World War II, the private Dutch film industry came to a near halt. However, the German-led occupation government supported many small propaganda films in support of the Third Reich. The best-known of these were De nieuwe tijd breekt baan (A New Order Arises, 1941), Met Duitschland tegen het Bolsjewisme (With Germany against Bolshevism, 1941) and Werkt in Duitschland (Work in Germany, 1942). After 1943, this funding came to an end, due to internal struggles within the Dutch Kultuurkamer and the lack of money of the occupational government.
In 1946, the Dutch Historical Film Archive was founded, which would become the Nederlands Filmmuseum, today's Eye Filmmuseum. It has played an important role in the preservation and presentation of cinema in general, and Dutch cinema in particular. Its collection encompasses fiction and documentary film, as well as animation, amateur film, and experimental film. The latter has a rich tradition in the Netherlands, not unlike non-fiction film. Cinema newsreel collections, including the Polygoon journaal, state sponsored films, commissioned films, commercials, and (television) documentaries, besides other television productions, are being preserved at the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision.
The Dutch Documentary Tradition
The
Van der Horst was successful with his short film
Many other filmmakers came to the fore in the 1960s, eager to explore new pathways and to experiment with film as a medium, supported by broadcasting stations such as VPRO.[15] Among them were the filmmakers and photographers Jan Schaper, Ed van der Elsken and most notably Johan van der Keuken, who had a major impact on Dutch documentary history.
In the same period, Joris Ivens continued to direct films, across the world, for example in Chile and Vietnam, but also in the Netherlands, where he made Rotterdam-Europoort (1966).
Documentary film remains important nowadays within the Dutch film industry and the broader media landscape. The International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam, held annually in November, has been a major force in this regard too, being one of the largest documentary film festivals in the world.
Flourishing period
In the late 1950s, the film industry in the Netherlands expanded and professionalized, and more resources became available, also for features films. The Nederlands Filmfonds (Netherlands Film Fund) was established in 1957, and the Nederlandse Filmacademie (Netherlands Film Academy) was established in 1958. Bert Haanstra made his first fiction film in 1958, Fanfare, which was a big success. The most famous director of this era is undoubtedly Fons Rademakers, who received critical acclaim in the Netherlands and abroad with a number of films made between 1959 and 1963. Rademakers learned the business from Vittorio De Sica and Jean Renoir and brought his newfound knowledge of foreign art films with him.
The first generation of Dutch filmmakers who graduated from the Dutch Film Academy began to make a name for themselves, among them Frans Bromet, Frans Weisz, and Pieter Verhoeff. While documentary production remained important, Dutch fiction films became gradually more popular in the Netherlands.
A lasting success for Dutch film came in the 1970s, mostly under the influence of
Other successful directors from this era are Wim Verstappen and Pim de la Parra, whose movies were more commercial than those of their colleagues in the 1960s. In his book Van Fanfare tot Spetters, film historian Hans Schoots argues that the flourishing period of Dutch film lies between these two films, ending with the controversial Spetters, after which the happy era that was the seventies was over, and a more down-to-earth approach to filmmaking kicked in. Indeed, after 1980, few Dutch films managed to bring crowds of millions to the cinemas, partly due to a decline in interest, partly due to home video systems which resulted in an overall drop in cinema attendance in the Netherlands.
Family movies
More consistently successful, especially at the box office, are children's novels adaptations. Modern Dutch family movies follow in the tradition of
The family oriented films' reign at the top of the domestic box office came to an end in 2006 with Paul Verhoeven's war thriller
Decline
A decline in cinema admission set in after the 1970s. Director
The cinematic adaptation of the novel, For a Lost Soldier, starring Maartin Smit and Canadian actor Andrew Kelley, was released in 1992 and has sparked controversy for its portrayal of a relationship between an adult male soldier and an 11-year old boy.
In the mid-1990s, the Dutch government introduced tax shelters (the so-called 'CV-regeling') to encourage private investments in Dutch films. After implementation of these new rules there was a boom in production of Dutch movies. It was not the movies made through the tax shelter however, but rather movies aimed at a young audience, such as Costa! (2001), that won back the confidence in the commercial viability of Dutch film. Costa! is about Dutch teenagers vacationing at the Spanish coast. The success of the film spawned several copycat films (for instance Volle Maan (Full Moon Party; 2002)) and a spin-off sitcom (also called Costa!), which ran for several seasons on the public broadcasting network BNN.
After a while the formula wore down and the new commercial flavor became films with a multicultural feel.
Recent history (since 2010)
In 2013 Alex van Warmerdam's film Borgman premiered In-Competition at the Cannes Film Festival. With this he became the second Dutch director ever to be nominated for the Palme d'Or.
In 2015,
Dutch filmmakers and actors abroad
The most successful Dutch actors in Hollywood are
1980–2000
In the 1980s and 1990s few other Dutch actors had the international success of Hauer and Krabbé. Their contemporaries Monique van de Ven, Derek de Lint, Renée Soutendijk and Huub Stapel all returned to making Dutch films when their Hollywood-efforts proved disappointing. Actress Van de Ven of Turkish Delight-fame moved to the US with her then-husband Jan de Bont and appeared in a number of small American films, to no significant success. De Lint's booked guest appearances in various TV shows like NYPD Blue and The L Word, and a number of supporting roles in theatrical movies, of which the most prominent was The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1988). Soutendijk played the female lead in Eve of Destruction (1991) and Huub Stapel, star of all of Dick Maas' box office hits, had a supporting role in a 1988 TV-movie about Anne Frank.
In 1992, the
2000–2020
In the early 2000s actor
As the decade progressed, actor
In early 2010 a new wave of film talent made its way to international success. Talents to emerge during the decade included Marwan Kenzari, Lotte Verbeek, Sylvia Hoeks and Michiel Huisman.
Soon after Kenzari made his breakthrough in the Dutch film
Behind the scenes, cameraman
In 2016,
Acclaimed Dutch directors
- Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film-nominee. Born in Israel, Dutch/Palestinian
- Jan de Bont, Cinematographer turned director
- Anton Corbijn, Photographer turned director
- Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film-winner
- Ed van der Elsken, documentary-maker and photographer
- Theo van Gogh, director
- Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film-winner
- Academy Award for Documentary Short Subject-winner
- Heddy Honigmann, documentary director
- Joris Ivens, documentary-maker
- Johan van der Keuken, documentary-maker and photographer
- auteur director, commercially and artistically successful in many genres
- Pieter Kuijpers, contemporary director, most successful in the crime/thriller genre
- Nanouk Leopold, contemporary arthouse director
- Joram Lürsen, director of recent mainstream movies
- Dick Maas, director of local blockbusters in the 1980s and 1990s.
- Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film-winner
- Digna Sinke, director and producer
- Jos Stelling, director of stylized movies
- auteur directorof dialogue-driven low-budget comedies
- Jean van de Velde, director of mainstream films
- Paul Verhoeven, successful and often controversial director, who also worked in Hollywood
- auteur director of absurdist comedies, Palme d'Ornominee
- Cyrus Frisch, writer-director
Successful Dutch films
As of 24 November 2008[update], the top-15 most visited Dutch films since 1945 were:[25]
- Turks Fruit (Turkish Delight, 1973) – 3,328,804
- Fanfare (1958) – 2,635,178
- Ciske de Rat(1955) – 2,432,500
- Wat zien ik? (Business Is Business, 1971) – 2,358,946
- Blue Movie (nl) (1971) – 2,335,301
- Flodder (1986) – 2,313,701
- Gooische Vrouwen (2011) – 1,919,982
- Keetje Tippel (Katie Tippel, 1975) – 1,829,116
- Alleman(1963) – 1,664,645
- Ciske de Rat (1984) – 1,593,311
- Soldaat van Oranje (Soldier of Orange, 1977) – 1,547,183
- Flodder in Amerika(1992) – 1,493,873
- De Overval(The Silent Raid, 1962) – 1,474,306
- Alles is Liefde(Love Is All, 2007) 1,292,682
Academy Awards nominations and wins
The winning films are marked with blue in this list of Academy Award nominated films.
Year | Film title | Award category |
---|---|---|
1942 | High Stakes in the East | Documentary |
1959 | Glass (Glas) | Documentary Short Subject
|
1959 | The Village on the River (Dorp aan de rivier) | Best Foreign Language Film
|
1962 | Big City Blues | Live Action Short Film
|
1962 | Pan | Live Action Short Film |
1964 | The Human Dutch (Alleman)
|
Documentary Feature
|
1967 | Sky over Holland | Live Action Short Film |
1971 | Adventures in Perception | Documentary Short Subject |
1972 | Ape and Super-Ape (Bij de beesten af) | Documentary Feature |
1972 | This Tiny World (Deze kleine wereld) | Documentary Short Subject |
1973 | Turkish Delight (Turks fruit) | Best Foreign Language Film |
1978 | Oh My Darling
|
Animated Short Film
|
1986 | Anna & Bella | Animated Short Film |
1986 | The Assault (De aanslag) | Best Foreign Language Film |
1995 | Antonia's Line (Antonia) | Best Foreign Language Film |
1997 | Character (Karakter)
|
Best Foreign Language Film |
1999 | 3 Misses | Animated Short Film |
2000 | Father and Daughter | Animated Short Film |
2002 | Hotel Paraiso (Zus & zo) | Best Foreign Language Film |
2003 | Twin Sisters (De tweeling) | Best Foreign Language Film |
Source: The Official Academy Awards Database. |
Film festivals
There are three large film festivals in the Netherlands:
- The Tiger Awardsare awarded to starting filmmakers.
- The Utrecht. Dutch films from the previous year are shown, and the Golden Calvesare awarded to the best films, best actors and best other crew members judged by an independent and professional jury.
- The International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam (IDFA) is one of the world's largest documentary festivals.[26] It is held since 1988 in Amsterdam.
There are several smaller film festivals in the Netherlands, and several of them are held in Amsterdam. These festivals are either local festivals or festivals specialized in films of a specific genre (e. g. fantastic films), for/about a specific target group (e. g. films for/about deaf people), or from a specific region (e. g. Japanese films).
- The Architecture Film Festival Rotterdam (AFFR) is a festival for both documentary and fiction related to architecture and urbanism.
- The Beeld voor Beeld Festival in the Amsterdam Tropenmuseum is a documentary film festival with a main focus on Ethnographic film. Beeld voor Beeld is member of CAFFE - Coordinating Anthropological Film Festivals in Europe.
- The KLIK! Amsterdam Animation Festival is an annual event which take place at the Eye Film Institute Netherlands. This international festival focus on short animated film with a main focus on contemporary animation.
See also
- Golden Calf Awards, hosted by the Dutch Film Festival, are the Dutch equivalent of the Academy Awards.
- List of Dutch films
- List of Dutch actors
- List of Dutch film directors
- List of cinema of the world
- World cinema
References
- ^ a b c "Film Facts and Figures of the Netherlands – September 2013" (PDF). The Netherlands Film Fund. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ "Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure – Capacity". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
- ^ "Table 6: Share of Top 4 distributors (Excel)". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
- ^ "Table 1: Feature Film Production – Genre/Method of Shooting". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
- ^ "Country Profiles". Europa Cinemas. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
- ^ https://www.filmfonds.nl/media/inline/2018/11/8/evaluation_of_the_film_production_incentive_scheme_in_the_netherlands_olsberg.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Jaarboek 2007" (PDF). www.nfcstatistiek.nl (in Dutch). Dutch Federation for Cinematography. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007.
- ^ Ockhuysen, Ronald (24 October 2002). "Nederlandse film viert feest". Cinema.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2007.
- ^ (in Dutch) Zwijgend en verloren; De Nederlandse stomme film geïnventariseerd Archived 15 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, NRCboeken, 13 June 1997)
- ^ (in Dutch) M.H. Laddé, EYE Film Institute Netherlands
- ISBN 978-0-520-95741-1, retrieved 22 January 2024
- ISBN 9789060127667.
- ^ ISBN 9789064507663.
- ISBN 9789064505232.
- ISBN 9789089536174.
- ^ Sandhu, Sukhdev; "Film review: Ian Curtis biopic, Control" The Daily Telegraph, 5 October 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2009
- ^ Robb, Stephen; "Critics applaud Joy Division film" BBC (News), 17 May 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2009
- ^ Kroll, Justin (4 August 2017). "Disney's Live-Action 'Aladdin' Reboot Casts 'Mummy' Actor as Jafar". Variety. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
- Independent.co.uk. 6 August 2017.
- ^ Amaya, Eric. "NYCC '15: Wynn Everett, Lotte Verbeek And More Join Agent Carter In Season 2". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- ^ "Giulia Farnese". Showtime. Archived from the original on 8 March 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
- ^ Verbeek, Lotte [@lotteverbeek1] (11 October 2014). "First still shot with Vin Diesel on The Last Witch Hunter. So excited!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Galuppo, Mia (26 April 2016). "Dutch Actress Sylvia Hoeks Joins Cast of Blade Runner". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
- ^ Alexander, Bryan (6 October 2017). "Who is the killer replicant Luv? Meet Blade Runner 2049 breakout Sylvia Hoeks". USA Today. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
- ^ Schoots, Hans (2004). "Van Fanfare tot Spetters" (PDF) (in Dutch). p. 211. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 January 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2008.
- ^ Ivan, Douglas (4 July 2017). "Frequently Asked Questions about eventplaats". Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ "Shortcutz Amsterdam Annual Awards". hollandsefilm.nl. 18 January 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ Dutch Short Films Are the Focus – Shortcutz Amsterdam (in Engels) Go Social Film Magazine (2 April 2014).
- ^ "DE 5E SHORTCUTZ AMSTERDAM ANNUAL AWARDS". 6 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
External links
- Cinema Context: an encyclopedia of film culture in the Netherlands from 1896 (in Dutch and English)