Cinema of Iran
Cinema of Iran | |
---|---|
No. of screens | 596 (2018)[1] |
• Per capita | 0.7 per 100,000 (2018) |
Produced feature films (2017)[2] | |
Total | 200 |
Number of admissions (2018)[3] | |
Total | 28,537,410 |
National films | 28,514,921 |
Gross box office (2018)[3] | |
Total | $23.8 million |
Part of a series on the |
Culture of Iran |
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The cinema of Iran (Persian: سینمای ایران), or of Persia, refers to the film industry in Iran. In particular, Iranian art films have garnered international recognition.[4] Iranian films are usually written and spoken in the Persian language.[5]
Iran has been lauded as one of the best exporters of cinema in the 1990s.[6] Some critics now rank Iran as the world's most important national cinema, artistically, with a significance that invites comparison to Italian neorealism and similar movements in past decades.[4] A range of international film festivals have honoured Iranian cinema in the last twenty years. Many film critics from around the world have praised Iranian cinema as one of the world's most important artistic cinemas.[7]
History
Visual arts in Iran
The earliest examples of visual representations in
Iranian visual arts may be said to have peaked about a thousand years later during the
After the conversion from Zoroastrianism to Islam; Persian art continued its visual practices. Persian miniatures provide great examples of such continued attempts. The deliberate lack of perspective in Persian miniature enabled the artist to have different plots and sub-plots within the same image space. A very popular form of such art was Pardeh Khani. Another type of art in the same category was Naqqali.[9]
Popular dramatic performance arts in Iran, before the advent of cinema, include Marionette, Saye-bazi (shadow plays), Rouhozi (comical acts), and Ta'zieh.[10]
cinema entered into the public realm, but, its cultural and economic capabilities were still unknown. As a consequence, theaters experienced a growing trend at the outset as to reveal economic attractions of cinema. Due to equating him with the Iranian Constitutional Revolutionaries, Mirza Ebrahim Khan Sahhafbashi’s Kinetoscopes corridor didn’t last for even a month and was closed, resulting in his leaving Iran. Then, it was the turn of Rousi Khan’s public theater. It, too, didn’t survive for a long time as the public theater was plundered during conflicts between Mohammad Ali Shah and Constitution Revolutionaries and, moreover, he himself fled abroad. After him, it was‘ Ardeshir Khan Armeni’ who introduced the real meaning of running and using cinema, continuing until long after him.[11]
Early Persian cinema
Cinema was only five years old when it came to Persia at the beginning of the 20th century. The first Persian filmmaker was
The first public screening took place in Tehran in 1904, presented by Mirza Ebrahim Khan Sahaf Bashi. He arranged the screening in the back of his antique shop. In 1905, Sahaf Bashi opened the first movie theater in Cheragh Gaz Avenue in the national capital. In 1909, with fall of the Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar heir of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar and the success of the constitutionalists, Russi Khan lost his support. Consequently, his film theatre and photography studios were destroyed by the public. Soon after, other cinema theatres in Tehran closed down. Movie theatres sprang up again in 1912 with the help of Ardeshir Khan, an Armenian-Iranian.[9] In 1904, Mirza Ebrahim Khan Sahhafbashi opened the first movie theater in Tehran.[12] The cinematographic camera was introduced to Iran in 1929, as yet another tool of modernization. After Mirza Ebrahim Khan, several others like Russi Khan, Ardeshir Khan, and Ali Vakili tried to establish new movie theaters in Tehran. Until the early 1930s, there were little more than 15 theatres in Tehran and 11 in other provinces.[9] In 1925, Ovanes Ohanian, decided to establish the first film school in Iran. Within five years he managed to run the first session of the school under the name "Parvareshgahe Artistiye Cinema".[14]
1930s and 1940s
In 1930 the first Iranian silent film was made by Professor Ovanes Ohanian called
The present day Iranian film industry owes much of its progress to two industrious personalities, Esmail Koushan and Farrokh Ghaffari. By establishing the first National Iranian Film Society in 1949 at the Iran Bastan Museum and organizing the first Film Week during which English films were exhibited, Ghaffari laid the foundation for alternative and non-commercial films in Iran.
Early Persian directors like Abdolhossein Sepanta and Esmail Koushan took advantage of the richness of Persian literature and ancient Persian mythology. In their work, they emphasized ethics and humanity.[15]
Pre-revolutionary cinema, 1950s–1970s
Post-revolutionary cinema
In the early 1970s, a New Iranian Cinema emerged (cinema motefävet). However, following the Revolution in 1979, a few filmmakers and actors went into exile per new governmental regulations. Between 1979 and 1985, about 100 features were released.[16] While Khomeini's censorship remained, the small number of features produced focused on sexual display and European influence.[16]
In 1982, the annual Fajr Film Festival financed films. The Farabi Cinema Foundation then stepped in to try and reassemble the disorganized cinema. The following year, the government began to provide financial aid. This change in regime encouraged a whole new generation of filmmakers, which included female directors as well. With this, the focus shifted to children overcoming obstacles: true stories, lyrical, mystical drama, real-life problems, documentary footage, etc.
Post-revolutionary Iranian cinema has been celebrated in many international forums and festivals for its distinct style, themes, authors, idea of nationhood, and cultural references. Starting With Viva... by Khosrow Sinai and followed by many excellent Iranian directors who emerged in the last few decades, such as Abbas Kiarostami and Jafar Panahi. Kiarostami, who some critics regard as one of the few great directors in the history of cinema,[17] planted Iran firmly on the map of world cinema when he won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival for Taste of Cherry in 1997.
The continuous presence of Iranian films in prestigious international festivals such as the
An important step was taken in 1998 when the Iranian government began to fund ethnic cinema. Since then Iranian Kurdistan has seen the rise of numerous filmmakers. In particular, the film industry got momentum in Iranian Kurdistan and the region has seen the emergence of filmmakers such as Bahman Ghobadi, actually the entire Ghobadi family, Ali-Reza Rezai, Khosret Ressoul and many other younger filmmakers.[20]
There is also movie-documentary production, often critical of the society in the name of the Islamic revolution ideal, like the films directed by Mohammedreza Eslamloo.
By the year 2001 the number of features produced in Iran rose to 87 (from 28, which is the number of films that were produced in 1980, after the fall of the Shah). The most popular genres were melodramas and historical pageants which seldom went to festivals. In 1997, the newly elected president, Mohammed Khatemi, would eventually come to play a role in helping filmmakers achieve a certain degree of artistic freedom.[21]
Important figures
Directors
- Asghar Farhadi
- Abbas Kiarostami
- Majid Majidi
- Dariush Mehrjui
- Masoud Kimiai
- Jafar Panahi
- Ali Hatami
- Nasser Taghvai
- Mohammad Rasoulof
- Bahman Ghobadi
- Bahram Beyzai
- Mohsen Makhmalbaf
- Rakhshan Banietemad
- Samira Makhmalbaf
- Reza Mirkarimi
- Saeed Roustaee
- Narges Abyar
- Pouran Derakhshandeh
- Manijeh Hekmat
- Ebrahim Hatamikia
- Marzieh Boroumand
Actors
- Khosrow Shakibai
- Ezzatolah Entezami
- Ali Nassirian
- Behrouz Vosoughi
- Jamshid Mashayekhi
- Davoud Rashidi
- Mohammad Ali Keshavarz
- Naser Malek Motiee
- Shahab Hosseini
- Parviz Parastouee
- Faramarz Gharibian
- Homayoun Ershadi
- Hamed Behdad
- Amin Hayaee
- Reza Naji
- Reza Attaran
- Mohsen Tanabandeh
- Navid Mohammadzadeh
- Payman Maadi
- Babak Karimi
- Dariush Farhang
- Amin Tarokh
- Jamshid Hashempour
- Akbar Abdi
- Abolfazl Pourarab
- Mohammad Ali Fardin
- Saeed Rad
- Rouhollah Zamani
- Sirous Gorjestani
Actresses
- Susan Taslimi
- Shohreh Aghdashloo
- Zar Amir Ebrahimi
- Hamideh Kheirabadi
- Leila Hatami
- Hedieh Tehrani
- Taraneh Alidoosti
- Golshifteh Farahani
- Sareh Bayat
- Gohar Kheirandish
- Jamileh Sheikhi
- Farimah Farjami
- Homa Rousta
- Bita Farahi
- Googoosh
- Parvaneh Massoumi
- Golab Adineh
- Niki Karimi
- Parinaz Izadyar
- Elnaz Shakerdoost
- Merila Zarei
- Pantea Bahram
- Baran Kosari
- Negar Javaherian
- Fereshteh Sadre Orafaee
- Fatemah Motamed Aria
- Shabnam Moghaddami
- Sara Bahrami
- Mahtab Keramati
- Katayoun Riahi
- Tannaz Tabatabaee
- Mahnaz Afshar
- Hanieh Tavassoli
- Sahar Dolatshahi
- Pegah Ahangarani
Contemporary Iranian cinema
Today, the Iranian box office is dominated by commercial Iranian films. Western films are occasionally shown in movie theaters. and contemporary Hollywood productions are shown on state television. Iranian art films are often not screened officially, and are viewable via unlicensed DVDs which are available. Some of these acclaimed films were screened in Iran and had box office success. Examples include Rassul Sadr Ameli's "I’m Taraneh, 15", Rakhshan Bani-Etemad's "Under the skin of the City", Bahman Ghobadi's "Marooned in Iraq" and Manijeh Hekmat's "Women's Prison".[22]
Commercial cinema in Iran
The internationally award-winning cinema of Iran is quite different from the domestically oriented films. The latter caters to an entirely different audience, which is largely under the age of 25. This commercial Iranian cinema genre is largely unknown in the West, as the films are targeted at local audiences. There are Three categories of this type of film:
- Films before the revolution.
- Films about the victory of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the ensuing Iran–Iraq war and Action filled with strong religious and national motifs.
- Formulaic films starring popular actors. With 130 Iranian films looking for a screening each year, cinema managers tend to prefer crowd-pleasing comedies, romantic melodramas, and family comedies over the other genres.Ejareh-Nesheenha, Shokaran, Dayere Zangi, Aquarium, Cease Fire, No Men Allowed, The Changed Man, Charlatan, The Kingdom of Solomon, Guidance Patrol, Killing Mad Dogs, A Separation and Hush! Girls Don't Scream were among the post-revolutionary films that gained the highest box office records.[24][25][26]
For many years, the most visible face of Iranian commercial cinema was Mohammad Ali Fardin, who starred in a number of popular successful films. In the more conservative social climate of Iran after the Iranian Revolution of 1979, however, he came to be considered an embarrassment to Iranian national identity and his films — which depicted romance, alcohol, vulgarity, objectification of women, scantily-dressed men and women, nightclubs, and a vulgar lifestyle now condemned by the Islamic government — were banned. Although this would effectively prevent Fardin from making films for the remainder of his life, the ban did little to diminish his broad popularity with Iranian moviegoers: His funeral in Tehran was attended by 20,000 mourners.[27] Before Fardin, one could argue, Iran simply did not have a commercial cinema.[28]
During the war years, crime thrillers such as Senator, The Eagles, Boycott, The Tenants, and Kani Manga occupied the first position on the sales charts.[29]
Officially, the Iranian government disdains American cinema: in 2007 President Ahmadinejad's media adviser told the Fars news agency, "We believe that the American cinema system is devoid of all culture and art and is only used as a device."
Iranian New Wave films
Iranian New Wave refers to a new movement in
In 1968, after the release of Shohare Ahoo Khanoom directed by Davoud Mollapour, and the 1969 release of
The factors leading to the rise of the New Wave in Iran were, in part, due to the intellectual and political movements of the time. A romantic climate was developing after the 19 August 1953 coup in the sphere of arts. Alongside this, a socially committed literature took shape in the 1950s and reached a peak in the 1960s, which may consider as the golden era of contemporary Persian literature.[36]
Features of New Wave Iranian film, in particular the works of legendary
Iranian New Wave films shared some characteristics with the European art films of the period, in particular
- "that champions the poetry in everyday life and the ordinary person by blurring the boundaries between fiction and reality, feature film with documentary." She also argues that this unique approach has inspired European cinema directors to emulate this style, citing Michael Winterbottom's award winning In This World (2002) as an homage to contemporary Iranian cinema. Issa claims that "This new, humanistic aesthetic language, determined by the film-makers’ individual and national identity, rather than the forces of globalism, has a strong creative dialogue not only on home ground but with audiences around the world."[38]
In his book Close Up: Iranian Cinema, Past, Present, Future (2001) Hamid Dabashi describes modern Iranian cinema and the phenomenon of [Iranian] national cinema as a form of cultural modernity. According to Dabashi, "the visual possibility of seeing the historical person (as opposed to the eternal Qur'anic man) on screen is arguably the single most important event allowing Iranians access to modernity."
While Beyzai and Taghvai represent the first generation and Karim-Masihi and Kiarostami represent the second generation of New wave filmmakers, the third generation is represented by Rafi Pitts, Bahman Ghobadi, Maziar Miri, Asghar Farhadi, Mani Haghighi, and Babak Payami,[39][40] along with newly emerged filmmakers such as Saman Salur and Abdolreza Kahani.
Iranian popular art films
Parallel to the Iranian New Wave, with its
Iranian women's cinema
Following the rise of the Iranian New Wave, there are now record numbers of film school graduates in Iran and each year more than 20 new directors make their debut films, many of them women. In the last two decades, there have been a higher percentage of women directors in Iran than in most countries in the West.[38]
Samira Makhmalbaf directed her first film,
The success and hard work of the pioneering
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Besides women involved in screenwriting and filmmaking, numerous award-winning Iranian actresses with uniques styles and talents attract critic. The first Iranian actress who won an award for acting in a major film festival was Mary Apick. The most notable Iranian actresses are:
- Taormina International Film Festival 1999 and Bastone Bianco Award Torino Film Festival2005
- Silver Berlin Bear2011
- Vesoul Asian Film Festival 2010 and Best Actress Montreal World Film Festival2011
- Academy Award and Satellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture 2009 and Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female2003
- Pegah Ahangarani, Best Actress Award Cairo International Film Festival 1999 and Crystal Simorgh for Best Supporting Actor from Fajr International Film Festival 2013
- Vesoul Asian Film Festival 2013 and Crystal Simorgh for best actress from Fajr International Film Festival2002
- Mary Apick, Best Actress Award Moscow International Film Festival 1977
- Hedieh Tehrani, Crystal Simorgh for best Actress from Fajr International Film Festival 1998, 2006 and Best actress Pyongyang International Film Festival 2002
- Nantes Three Continents Film Festival2004
- Fereshteh Sadre Orafaee, Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor from Fajr International Film Festival 2005 and Best Actress Pasinetti Award Venice Film Festival 2000
- Bita Farrahi, Best Actress from Pyongyang International Film Festival 2009
- Soraya Ghasemi, Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor from Fajr International Film Festival2001
- Mahtab Keramati, Crystal Simorgh for Best Supporting Actor from Fajr International Film Festival 2009 and for best actress from Batumi Art-House Film Festival 2013
- Susan Taslimi, Best Actor award, International Academy of Film Sweden 2000
- Farimah Farjami, Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor from Fajr International Film Festival 1991
- International Film Festival1999
- Roya Teymourian, Crystal Simorgh for Best Supporting Actor from Fajr International Film Festival 2000
- Katayoun Riahi, Best Actress Cairo International Film Festival 2002
- Roya Nonahali, Best Actress from Amiens International Film Festival 1977 and Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor from Fajr International Film Festival 1989
- Mitra Hajjar, Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor from Fajr International Film Festival 2000
- Mahnaz Afshar, Crystal Simorgh for Best Supporting Actor from Fajr International Film Festival 2011
- Baran Kosari, Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor from Fajr International Film Festival 2007
- Hanieh Tavassoli, Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor from Fajr International Film Festival 2013
- Negar Javaherian, Best Actress, UNESCO Award from Asia Pacific Screen Awards 2013 and Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor from Fajr International Film Festival 2010
- Pantea Bahram, Best Actress from Mumbai International Film Festival 2011
- Hengameh Ghaziani, Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor from Fajr International Film Festival 2008, 2012 and Best Actress Love Is Folly International Film Festival 2012
Furthermore, women's resistance against the symbolic order in the society has been demonstrated in different movies such as The Little Rusty Brains by Houman Seyedi
Iranian war films
War cinema in Iran was born simultaneously with the beginning of Iran–Iraq War. However, it took many years until it found its way and identity by defining characteristics of Iranian war cinema.
- Morteza Avini (Famous TV Documentary: Ravayat-e Fath)
- Shahriar Bahrani (Famous film: The Attack on H3)
- Mohammad Bozorgnia (Famous film: Jang-e naftkesh-ha)
- Ahmad Reza Darvish (Famous film: Duel)
- Seifollah Dad (Famous film: Kani Manga)
- Samuel Khachikian (Famous film: Eagles)
- Az Karkheh ta Rhein, Booy-E Pirahan-E Yusef, The Glass Agency and Che (2014 film))
- Mohsen Makhmalbaf (Famous film: The Marriage of the Blessed)
- Rasoul Mollagholipour (Famous films: Safar be Chazabeh & Mim Mesle Madar)
- Ali Shah Hatami (Famous film: Akharin Shenasaee)
- Kamal Tabrizi (Famous films: Dar Maslakh-e Eshgh & Leily Ba Man Ast)
- Kiumars Pourahmad (Famous film: The Night Bus)
- Behzad Behzadpour (Famous film: Khodahafez Rafigh)
Other films famous and popular Iran Iraq War: Goodbye Life directed by Ensieh Shah-Hosseini, Heeva, Mazrae-ye pedari and Safar be Chazabeh directed by
Iranian animations
There are some evidences suggesting that Ancient Iranians made animations. An animated piece on an earthen goblet made 5000 years ago was found in Burnt City in Sistan-Baluchistan province, southeastern Iran. The artist has portrayed a goat that jumps toward a tree and eats its leaves.[44]
The first Tehran International Animation Festival was held in the year 1999, four decades after the time the production of first animation films in Iran. The Second Tehran International Animation Festival was held in February 2001. Apart from Iranian films, animations from 35 foreign countries participated in the festival.[45]
The following are among the notable filmmakers of Iranian animated films :
- Noureddin Zarrin-Kelk
- Bahram Azimi
- Ali Akbar Sadeghi
Children and youth films
Although early attempts also existed, the Iranian children and youth cinema came of age with acclaimed director Mohammad Ali Talebi (b. 1958). He started his career in the 1980s and achieved success beyond Iran with Bag of Rice (1997) and Willow and Wind (2000), whose script was written by Abbas Kiarostami.[46]
Talebi believed that producing movies for children and teenagers was a service to “the most fragile and vulnerable of the Iranian society.” In the 2010s, he became somewhat skeptical about the future of children and youth cinema in Iran, and in 2018 moved to Slovakia.[47]
Timeline of Iranian films
- Pre 1960
- 1960s
- 1970s
- 1980s
- 1990s
- 2000s
- 2010s
- 2020s
Influence of Iranians on others' New Wave films
Amongst the pioneers of
During the first half of the 20th century, France was the major destination for Iranian students who wished to study abroad. Iranian Ambassador to the
Another Iranian figure in French New Wave was Shusha Guppy a singer, writer and filmmaker who was Jacques Prévert's girlfriend. However, the most important contribution to the French New Wave cinema is that of Serge Rezvani an Iranian poet born in Tehran in 1928. He played a major role as music composer of both François Truffaut Jules et Jim and Jean-Luc Godard Pierrot le Fou, considered as landmarks of French New Wave Cinema.
Iranian
After the resignation of French President
Two major documentaries were produced in these years by respectively Agnès Varda and the duo Claude Lelouch and Claude Pinoteau:
- Agnès Varda, first to be discovered to young actor Gérard Depardieu in her 1970 film Nausicaa, directed a love story set in Isfahan (1976) between a French woman (Valérie Mairesse) visiting Iran as a tourist and her guide an Iranian Man (Ali Raffi). The film was entitled Plaisir D'Amour en Iran. The romantic film was shot on location in The Masjed Shah.
- Claude Pinoteau and Claude Lelouch on the other hand shot their documentary just after the Persepolis Celebrations in 1971. They decided to address the urban transformations and cultural emancipation that the country was subject to by the early seventies.
Several Iranian expats such as Philippe Khorsand or Persian play writer/actor Yasmina Reza have also gained notice in recent years. The latter is particularly known for her highly intellectual introspection in such plays like Art (for which Sean Connery bought the film rights, advised by his French wife).[48]
Music in Iranian cinema
Although Iranian composers usually have their own special style and music structure, they all share one thing: melodic, lively rhythms. That might be because they often begin with folkloric songs and shift to film music. In the past few decades, a few composers have emerged in the Iranian cinema with highly appraised works. Composers like Hormoz Farhat, Morteza Hannaneh, Fariborz Lachini, Ahmad Pejman, Majid Entezami, Babak Bayat, Karen Homayounfar, Naser Cheshmazar and Hossein Alizadeh were some of the most successful score composers for Iranian films in the past decades.[49]
Iranian international film festivals
Film festivals have a rather long history in Iran that goes back to the 1950s. The first Tehran International Film Festival opened in April 1973. Although the festival never reached the level of Cannes and Venice, however, it managed to become well known as a class A festival. It was a highly reputable festival and many well-known filmmakers took part in it with their films. Great filmmakers such as Francesco Rosi, Michelangelo Antonioni Grigori Kozintsev, Elizabeth Taylor, Pietro Germi, Nikita Mikhalkov, Krzysztof Zanussi, Martin Ritt won the festival's awards.[50]
Fajr Film Festival
The Fajr International Film Festival has taken place since 1983. It was intended to be as magnificent and spectacular as possible from its very onset. It had a background as powerful as that of the Tehran International Film Festival and wanted to remain on the same track. Although the Fajr Film Festival is not yet classed among the top film festivals, it has been successful in making policies and setting examples for the future of Iranian cinema.[50] In its early years it had a competition section for professional as well as amateur film (8 mm, 16 mm). Since 1990, there has been an international along with the national competition. The festival also features a competition for advertisement items like posters, stills and trailers. In 2005, the festival added competitions for Asian as well as spiritual films. The top prize is called Crystal Simorgh.[51]
NAM Filmmakers' Meeting
Iran is the current President of the Non-Aligned Movement and hosted the 16th NAM summit between 26 and 31 August 2012, after which the presidency was handed to Ahmadinejad on 1 September. The latest move by the NAM Chairman has been to organise a NAM filmmakers' meeting in order to discuss the establishment of a NAM filmmakers' union. The meeting is to be held in February 2013, concurrently with the 31st Fajr International Film Festival in Tehran.[52]
International Film Festival for Children and Youth
The International Film Festival for Children and Youth has taken place since 1985. In its first three years, it was part of the Fajr Film Festival. From 1988 to 1989, it was located in Tehran, and since then in Isfahan, except for 1996 when it was held in Kerman. The festival features international and national film and video competitions. The top prize is called Golden Butterfly.[53]
House of Cinema Ceremony
On September 12, the national day of Iranian cinema, a celebration is held annually by the House of Cinema. In the 2006 event, Akira Kurosawa was honored.
Noor Iranian Film Festival
Founded in 2007, the Noor Iranian Film Festival is held annually in Los Angeles, California.
Iranian Film Festival - San Francisco
Iranian Film Festival - San Francisco (IFF), the first independent Iranian film festival outside of Iran, launched in 2008, is an annual event showcasing independent feature and short films made by or about Iranians from around the world. Website.
London Iranian Film Festival
is an annual, independent film festival held in London, United Kingdom. It is now entering its fourth year. It is the only festival in the UK that is dedicated to Iranian independent cinema, with this year's event taking place from the 1st to the 9th of November.
Roshd International Film Festival
Roshd International Film Festival was first staged in 1963 by the Bureau of Audio-visual Activities of the Ministry of Education of Iran. It is centered on the films with educational and pedagogical themes and is staged every year by the Supplying Educational Media Center, a sub-branch of the Ministry of Education of the I.R.Iran. The Festival seeks the main objectives of identifying and selecting the best educational and pedagogical films in order to introduce them to the educational systems.
Persian International Film Festival
Persian International Film Festival is an independent cultural film event, that brings together screen stories of diverse global Persian communities. Founded in 2012 by Dr Amin Palangi, it is Located in Sydney, Australia. www.persianfilmfestival.com
Iranian Film Festival Zurich
Iranian Film Festival of Zürich (IFFZ), is being organized to fulfill the cultural gap between Iranians and Swiss along with the foreigners living in Switzerland. The festival also wishes to contribute to the host country by bringing every year the best feature, documentary and short films from all generation of the Iranian filmmakers to Zürich. The IFFZ wishes that this becomes a platform for presenting the Iranian culture and tradition and build a bridge in such an exceptional city of Zürich among many nations present by the universal language of art and specifically the 7th art, cinema. iranianfilmfestival.ch
Festival of Iranian Films in Prague
The main goal of the festival is to provide a vivid image of Iranian cinema for a wide range of international audiences in the Prague, Czech Republic.
Iranian Film Festival Cologne
Iranian film Festival is programmed to be held in the city of Cologne in Germany to represent the country Cinema industry. House of Cinema in collaboration with Cologne Municipality paved the way for holding the festival.
The Festival Cinema of Iran
Iranian film festival (Cinéma D'Iran) is scheduled to kick off on June 26 and will run until July 2, 2013 in Paris.
Houston Iranian Film Festival
The Houston Iranian Film Festival showcases the best in new cinema from Iran. Iranian film varied by jury is, In Houston, America will be held.
Tehran International Animation Festival
International Animation Festival in Iran Held in Tehran.
Other Festivals
Other valid festivals like: Iran International Documentary Film Festival, Moqavemat International Film Festival, International Film Festival 100, International Urban Film Festival, International Parvin Etesami Film Festival, Jasmine International Film Festival (TJIFF), Celebration of Iran Cinematic Critics and Writers, Rouyesh Religious Short Film Festival, Iranian Youth Cinema Society, Edinburgh Iranian Festival, Iranian Film Festival (IFF), Iranian Film Festival Chandigarh, Film Festival, Varesh Short Film Festival, Tehran International Video Film Festival, International Festival of Independent Filmmakers, and Canada's Iranian Film Festival.
International recognition of Iranian cinema
Here is a list of Grand prizes awarded to Iranian cinema by the most prestigious film festivals:[54][55] Iranian serials are very popular in the region
Cannes
First presence of Iranian cinema in Cannes dates back to 1991 when represented Iran in the festival.
- 1995: Caméra d'Or (Golden Camera): Jafar Panahi
- 1997: Palme d'Or (Golden Palm): Abbas Kiarostami
- 2000: Caméra d'Or (Golden Camera): Hassan Yektapanah, Bahman Ghobadi
- 2000: Prix du Jury (Jury Prize): Samira Makhmalbaf
- 2001: Prize of the Ecumenical Jury: Mohsen Makhmalbaf
- 2003: Prix du Jury (Jury prize): Samira Makhmalbaf
- 2003: Prix Un Certain Regard: Jafar Panahi
- 2003: Prize of the Ecumenical Jury: Mohsen Makhmalbaf
- 2004: Caméra d'Or (Golden Camera): Mohsen Amiryoussefi
- 2007: Prix du Jury (Jury prize): Marjane Satrapi
- 2009: Prix Un Certain Regard: Bahman Ghobadi
- 2011: Prix Un Certain Regard: Mohammad Rasoulof
- 2011: François Chalais Award - Special Mention: Mohammad Rasoulov
- 2013: Prix Un Certain Regard: Mohammad Rasoulof
- 2013: Prize of the Ecumenical Jury: Asghar Farhadi
- 2015: Un Certain Regard - Avenir Prize: Ida Panahandeh[56]
- 2016: Prix du scénario (Best Screenplay): Asghar Farhadi
- 2016: Prix d'interprétation masculine (Best Actor): Shahab Hosseini
- 2017: Un Certain Regard Award: Mohammad Rasoulof[57]
- 2018: Prix du scénario (Best Screenplay): Jafar Panahi
- 2021: Grand prix (Grand Prix): Asghar Farhadi
- 2022: Prix d'interprétation féminine (Best Actress): Zar Amir Ebrahimi
Academy Awards (Oscars)
- 1969: Ray Aghayan: Best Costume Design Nomination for Gaily, Gaily
- 1996: Habib Zargarpour: Best Visual Effects Nomination for Twister
- 1996: Darius Khondji: Best Cinematography Nomination for Evita
- 1997: Hossein Amini: Best Adapted Screenplay Nomination for The Wings of the Dove
- 1998: Best Foreign Language Film Nomination for Children of Heaven
- 1999: Mehdi Norowzian: Best Live Action Short Film Award for Killing Joe
- 2000: Habib Zargarpour: Best Visual Effects Nomination for The Perfect Storm
- 2003: Shohreh Aghdashloo: Best Supporting Actress Nomination for House of Sand and Fog
- 2006: Best Sound Editing Nomination for Apocalypto
- 2007: Marjane Satrapi: Best Animated Feature Nomination for Persepolis
- 2011: Asghar Farhadi: Best Original Screenplay Nomination for A Separation
- 2011: Best Foreign Language Film Award for A Separation
- 2014: Talkhon Hamzavi: Best Live Action Short Film Award for Parvaneh
- 2016: Best Foreign Language Film Award for The Salesman
- 2022: Seyed Mohsen Pourmohseni Shakib: Student Academy Awards Nomination for The Boot[58]
- 2024: Yegane Moghaddam: Best Animated Short Film Nomination for Our Uniform[59]
Golden Globe Awards
- 2011: Asghar Farhadi (Award) Best Foreign Language Film, A Separation
- 2013: Asghar Farhadi (Nominated) Best Foreign Language Film, The Past
- 2016: Asghar Farhadi (Nominated) Best Foreign Language Film, The Salesman
- 2021: Asghar Farhadi (Nominated) Best Foreign Language Film, A Hero
Venice
- Golden Lion: Jafar Panahi (2000)
- Silver Lion for the Best Director: : Babak Payami (2001)
- Special Jury Prize: Ana Lily Amirpour (2016)
- Golden Osella for the Best Director: Abolfazl Jalili (1995), Shirin Neshat (2009)
- Best Screenplay Award: Rakhshan Bani Etemad(2014)
- FIPRESCI Prize: Dariush Mehrjui (1971), Abbas Kiarostami (1999), Ramin Bahrani (2008)
- Special Jury Prize: Abbas Kiarostami (1999), Abdolreza Kahani (2009)
- The Special Orizzonti Jury Prize: Shahram Mokri (2013)
- The Orizzonti Award for Best Director: Vahid Jalilvand (2017)[60]
- The Orizzonti Award for Best Actor: Navid Mohammadzadeh (2017)
- SIGNIS Award - Honorable Mention: Amir Naderi (2008)
- OCIC Award : Babak Payami (2001)[61]
- Netpac Award: Babak Payami (2001)
- UNICEF Award: Babak Payami (2001)
- Pasinetti Award: Babak Payami (2001)
- Digital Cinema Award: Mania Akbari (2004)
- Lina Mangiacapre Award - Special Mention: Hana Makhmalbaf (2003)
- Open Prize: Marzieh Meshkini (2004)[62]
- UNESCO Award: Marzieh Meshkini (2000)
- Isvema Award: Marzieh Meshkini (2000)
- CinemAvvenire Award: Abbas Kiarostami (1999), Marzieh Meshkini (2000)
Berlin
- Golden Bear: Asghar Farhadi (2011), Jafar Panahi (2015), Mohammad Rasoulof (2020)
- Silver Bear: Parviz Kimiavi (1976)[64]
- Silver Bear for Best Director: Asghar Farhadi (2009)
- Silver Bear for Best Script: Jafar Panahi (2013)
- Silver Bear for Best Actor: Reza Naji (2008), A Separation (Total Actors 2011)
- Silver Bear for Best Actress: A Separation (Total Actresses 2011)
- Jury Grand Prix: Jafar Panahi (2006)
- Special Mention: Masoud Kimiai (1991)
- FIPRESCI Prize:
- Interfilm Award: Sohrab Shahid Saless(1974 & 1975)
- OCIC Award: Sohrab Shahid Saless(1974 & 1975)
- Don Quixote Award - Special Mention: Dariush Mehrjui (1999)
- Crystal Bear Generation Kplus - Best Feature Film: Hana Makhmalbaf (2008)
- Peace Film Award: Hana Makhmalbaf (2008)
- Netpac Award: Mani Haghighi (2012)
- Teddy Award for the Best Short Film: Maryam Keshavarz (
- Crystal Bear for the Best Short Film {Dena Rassam. Farhad Delaram} (2019)
Locarno
The first film from Iranian cinema that won a prize in Locarno festival was
- Golden Leopard: Jafar Panahi (1997), Ebrahim Forouzesh (1994)[67]
- Silver Leopard: Kianoush Ayari (1994),[67] Abolfazl Jalili (1998), Hassan Yektapanah (2004)
- Bronze Leopard: Nasser Taghvai (1988), Abbas Kiarostami (1989)
- Special Jury Prize: Rasul Sadrameli (2002), Saman Salur(2006)
- NETPAC Prize: Hassan Yektapanah (2004)
- Special Mention, Official Jury: Samira Makhmalbaf (1996)
- Special mention, FIBRESCI jury: Abbas Kiarostami (1989), Samira Makhmalbaf (1998)
- Special Mention: Alireza Amini (2003)
- Ecumenical Jury special Mention: Sohrab Shahid Saless (1976), Abbas Kiarostami(1989)
London
- FIPRESCI Prize: Babak Payami (2001)
- FIPRESCI International Critics Prize: Ramin Bahrani (2005)
- FIPRESCI Prize - Special Mention: Abolfazl Jalili (1998), Babak Payami (2001)
- Sutherland Trophy: Marjane Satrapi (2007), Samira Makhmalbaf (1998)
- Grierson Award for the Best Documentary: Mehrdad Oskouei (2016)
San Sebastian
- Golden Shell: Dariush Mehrjui (1993), Bahman Ghobadi (2004 & 2006)
- Silver Shell: Niki Karimi (1993), Abolfazl Jalili (1998)
- Special Jury Prize: Majid Majidi (1996), Samira Makhmalbaf (2008)
- FIPRESCI Award: Bahman Ghobadi (2006)
- Jury Prize for Best Cinematography: Touraj Aslani (2012).[68]
- Special Prize of the Jury: Hana Makhmalbaf (2007)
- TVE Otra Mirada Award: Hana Makhmalbaf (2007)
Montreal
- Grand Prix: Majid Majidi (1997, 1999 & 2001)
- Best Actress: Leila Hatami (2002), Fatemeh Motamed-Arya (2011)
- Golden Zenith for Best Asian Film : Kamal Tabrizi (2004)
Karlovy Vary
- Special Jury Prize: Mohsen Makhmalbaf (1992)
- Best Actor: Hamid Farrokhnezhad (2000)
- Special Jury Prize: Abdolreza Kahani (2009)
- Best Actress: Leila Hatami (2012)
- FIPRESCI Prize: Ali Mosaffa (2012)
- Don Quijote Award - Special Mention: Khosrow Sinai (2000),[69] Alireza Amini (2004)
Mar del Plata
- Golden Astor: Mahmoud Kalari (1998)
- Special Jury Award: Mohsen Amiryoussefi (2005)
- Best Actress: Negar Javaherian (2014)
- Special Mention: Kambozia Partovi (2006), Hossein Shahabi(2013)
Thessaloniki
- Golden Alexander: Mohsen Amiryoussefi (2004)
- Golden Alexander: Abdolreza Kahani (2008)
- Silver Alexander: Mona Zandi Haghighi (2006)
- Best Director: Marzieh Meshkini (2000)
- Special Jury Award: Vahid Jalilvand (2017)[70]
- Special Mention: Hossein Shahabi (2013)
- Audience Award: Mohsen Amiryoussefi (2004)
- Special Artistic Achievement: Alireza Amini (2003)
Moscow
- Golden George: Reza Mirkarimi (2008 & 2016)
- Special Golden St.George: Rakhshan Bani Etemad (2001)[71]
- Special Jury Prize: Vahid Mousaian (2002)[72]
- Silver George for the best actor: Faramarz Gharibian (2003), Hamid Farrokhnezhad (2005), Farhad Aslani (2016)
- Best Actress: Mary Apick (1977), Soha Niasti (2019)[73]
- Russian Critics Jury's Prize: Reza Mirkarimi (2008)
Chicago
- Gold Hugo: Jafar Panahi (2003), Asghar Farhadi (2006), Mohsen Makhmalbaf (2014)
- Silver Hugo: Abbas Kiarostami (1994)
- Special Jury Prize: Bahman Ghobadi (2000) & (2004), Asghar Farhadi (2016)[74]
- Best Screenplay: Mohammad Rasoulof (2017)[75]
- Best Actor: Ezzatollah Entezami(1971)
- Silver Hugo for the Best First Film: Marzieh Meshkini (2000)
- Silver Hugo of the Docufest Competition: Arash T. Riahi (2006).[76]
- Best Documentary: Arash Lahooti (2013)[77]
Shanghai
- Golden Goblet for the Best Film: Reza Mirkarimi (2019)
- Golden Goblet for the Best Director: Reza Mirkarimi (2019)
- Golden Goblet for the Best Actor: Hamed Behdad (2019)
- Golden Goblet for the Best Film: Khosro Masumi (2004 & 2012)
- Grand Jury Prize: Mostafa Taghizadeh (2017)[78]
- Golden Goblet for the Best Actress: Sareh Bayat (2017)
Warsaw
- Grand Prix: Asghar Farhadi (2004), Parviz Shahbazi (2016)[79]
- Audience Award: Majid Majidi (1999)
- Special Jury Award: Asghar Farhadi (2011)
- NETPAC Award: Houman Seyyedi (2014)
Goa
- Golden Peacock: Samira Makhmalbaf (2003), Asghar Farhadi (2004), Mohammad Rasoulof (2005)
Festroia
- Golden Dolphin: Majid Majidi (1997), Bahman Ghobadi (2005)
Rotterdam
- Hivos Tiger Award: Mohammad Shirvani (2013)
Busan
- New Currents Award: (2013)
- FIPRESCI Award: Parviz Shahbazi (2003), Morteza Farshbaf (2011), Safi Yazdanian (2014)
Sydney
- Prize: Asghar Farhadi (2011)
Nantes
- Golden Montgolfiere: Amir Naderi (1985 & 1989), Abolfazl Jalili (1996 & 2001), Saman Salur (2006)
- Silver Montgolfiere: Dariush Mehrjui (1993),[80] Reza Mirkarimi (2000)[81]
- Special Jury Award: Alireza Davoudnejad (1992),[82] Asghar Farhadi (2006)[83]
- Best Actress: Niki Karimi(1993),[84] Golshifteh Farahani (2004)[85]
Sitges
- Best Director: Mohsen Makhmalbaf (1996)
- Best Actor: Hasan Majuni (2017)[86]
Istanbul
- Golden Tulip: Saeed Ebrahimifar (1990), Jafar Panahi (1998)
- FIPRESCI Prize: Bahman Farmanara (2001)[87]
Cairo
- Best Film: Nima Javidi (2014)[88]
- Best Director: Masoud Kimiai (1978), Khosro Masumi (2006)
- Best Screenplay: Kianoush Ayari (1998), Tahmineh Milani (2003)
- Best Actress: Pegah Ahangarani (1999),[89] Niki Karimi (2001),[90] Katayoun Riahi (2002)[91]
Lifelong achievement Awards
- Abbas Kiarostami: Prix Roberto Rossellini Cannes Film Festival (1992)
- Abbas Kiarostami: François Truffaut Award (1992)
- École Normale Supérieure(2003)
- Abbas Kiarostami: Federico Fellini Gold Medal, UNESCO (1997)
- Légion d'honneurfrom Ministry of Culture and Art of France (1996)
- Abbas Kiarostami: Akira Kurosawa Honorary Award of the San Francisco International Film Festival (2000)
- Abbas Kiarostami: Prix Henri Langlois Prize (2006)
- Amir Naderi: Jaeger-LeCoultre Glory to the Filmmaker Award (2016)
- Asghar Farhadi: National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Screenplay (2011)
- Behrouz Gharibpour: The Hans Christian Andersen Award (2002)
- Ezzatolah Entezami: UNESCO Award (2006)
- Jafar Panahi: Podo Award, at Valdivia Film Festival (2007)
- Mohsen Makhmalbaf: Parajanov Award for outstanding Artistic contribution to the world cinema (2006)
- Mohsen Makhmalbaf: Federico Fellini Gold Medal UNESCO (2001)
- Prince Claus Awards(1998)
- Samira Makhmalbaf: Federico Fellini Gold Medal UNESCO (2000)
- Samira Makhmalbaf: The grand Jury prize American Film Institute (2000)
Bodil Awards
- 2012: Asghar Farhadi, A Separation
Satellite Award
- 2011: Asghar Farhadi, A Separation
César Award
- 2012: Asghar Farhadi Best Foreign Film, A Separation
David di Donatello Award
- 2012: Asghar Farhadi Best Foreign Film, A Separation
National Board of Review
- 2011: Asghar Farhadi Best Foreign Language Film, A Separation
- 2013: Asghar Farhadi Best Foreign Language Film, The Past
- 2017: Asghar Farhadi Best Foreign Language Film, The Salesman
Censorship
Although the Iranian film industry is flourishing, its filmmakers have operated under censorship rules, both before and after the revolution. Some Iranian films that have been internationally acclaimed are banned in Iran itself. Conversely, some Iranian filmmakers have faced hostility in other countries.
Censorship within Iran
Dariush Mehrjui's seminal film
After the
All of Jafar Panahi's films
In 2001, feminist filmmaker
Abbas Kiarostami was significantly acclaimed in Europe but the Islamic government has refused screening of his films in his own country. Kiarostami's films have been banned in his country for more than 10 years.
House of Cinema temporary closure
In September 2011, House of Cinema issued a statement in support of several filmmakers detained for contact with the BBC. They questioned the legal basis for the arrests, pointing out that the government itself has contact with international news organizations.[102] As a result, they received an official rebuke.[103][104]
In December 2011, Iran's Council of Public Culture declared its ‘House of Cinema’, the country's largest professional organisation for film makers, illegal.[105] Authorities state the organization was shut down because of secret amendments to its charter.[106] House of Cinema came under pressure when it challenged the detention of filmmakers accused of selling films to the BBC.[107]
In September 2013, House of Cinema has been reopened by the new government.[108]
Hostility outside Iran
Given the tense relationship between Iran and the United States, Iranian filmmakers have faced hostility there, even if they have also been banned in their own country. Abbas Kiarostami was refused a
Several other Iranian filmmakers have experienced hostilities from other countries. In November 2001 in
In March 2007, a bomb explosion severely injuring several actors and crew members halted production in Afghanistan of Two Legged Horse, the film by Iranian helmer Samira Makhmalbaf. Mohsen Makhmalbaf was the target of two unsuccessful murder attempts when he shot Kandahar in Iran near the Afghan border in 2000, and his daughter Hana was twice the victim of a failed abduction attempt during the shooting of Samira's last film At Five in the Afternoon in the Afghan capital Kabul in 2002.[117]
Arresting filmmakers
On 1 March 2010,
Hossein Rajabian, an Iranian independent filmmaker, After finishing his first feature film, was arrested by Iranian security forces on 5 October 2013 outside his office [in Sari] alongside two musicians, and was transferred to Ward 2-A of Evin Prison where all three of them were held in solitary confinement for more than two months and were threatened with televised confessions. He was released on bail (around $66,000) in mid-December, pending trial. Two years later, his case was heard at Branch 28 of Tehran Revolutionary Court which was presided over by Judge Moghisseh (Summer 2015). He was sentenced to six years in prison and fines for pursuing illegal cinematic activities, launching propaganda against the establishment and hurling insults at sanctities. On appeal, his sentence was changed to three years imprisonment and three years of suspended jail and fines. Hossein Rajabian was sent to the ward 7 of Evin Prison in Tehran. After spending one third of his total period of imprisonment (that is 11 months), he went on hunger strike to protest against unjust trial, lack of medical facilities, and transfer of his brother to another ward called section 8 of the same prison. During the first hunger strike period, which lasted 14 days, he was transferred to hospital because of pulmonary infection and he could not continue his hunger strike because of the interference of the representative of the prosecutor who was sent as an intermediary. After some time, he sent an open letter to the judicial authorities of Iran and went again on strike which brought him the supports of international artists. After 36 days of hunger strike, he could convince the judicial authorities of Iran to review his case and grant him medical leave for the treatment of his left kidney suffered from infections and blood arising out of hunger strike. He, after a contentious struggle with the judicial officer of the prison was sent to the ward 8 for punishment.[120][121][122][123][124]
Cinemapeople in the Iranian diaspora
Cinemapeople in the Iranian diaspora, such as Shohreh Aghdashloo, Zuleikha Robinson, Nadia Bjorlin, Shirin Neshat, Adrian Pasdar, Amir Mokri, Bahar Soomekh, Amir Talai, Catherine Bell, Nazanin Boniadi, Samira Makhmalbaf, Freema Agyeman, Sarah Shahi, Hughes brothers, Nasim Pedrad, Daryush Shokof, Bijan Daneshmand and Farhad Safinia are also popular.
Film institutes in Iran
Several institutes, both government run and private, provide formal education in various aspects of filmmaking. Some of the prominent ones include: Farabi Cinema Foundation, Hedayat Film Co, Sourehcinema, Documentary & Experimental Film Center, Filmiran, Kanoon Iran Novin, Boshra Film, Bamdad Film, TDH Film, Hilaj Film, Tgpco, Karname, Rasaneha, Nama Film company, AvinyFilm, 7spfs and Honar Aval.
Iranian film critics
Most famous of them like: Houshang Golmakani, Fereydoun Jeyrani, Parviz Davaei, Massoud Farasati, Abbas Baharloo, Hamid Reza Sadr, Cyrus Ghani, Javad Toosi, Negar Mottahedeh, Ahmad Talebinejad, Mohammad Tahami Nezhad, Ali Moallem and Parviz Nouri, behrouz sebt rasoul
See also
- List of Iranian films
- International Fajr Film Festival
- London Iranian Film Festival
- Bāgh-e Ferdows, Film Museum of Iran
- Pre-revolutionary Iranian cinema
- Persian theatre
- Persian Film
- Siahnamayi
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- ^ "Artists Sentenced to Prison". IranWire | خانه. Archived from the original on 2016-03-19. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
- ^ "Artsfreedom". Artsfreedom. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
- ^ "Gravely Ill Iranian Musician Returned to Prison: Amnesty Japan". Amnesty Japan. Archived from the original on 2017-01-20. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
Further reading
- Carlo Celli. “The Iranian Divide” National Identity in Global Cinema: How Movies Explain the World. Palgrave MacMillan 2013, 71-82.
- Umid, Jamal, Tarikh-i sinima-yi Iran : 1279-1357 / Jamal Umid = [The history of Iranian cinema] : [1900-1978] / [Jamal Omid] 1175 pages. Illustrated. Press:Teheran Rawzanah. Year:1374[1995]. Language:Persian.
- Displaced Allegories: Post-Revolutionary Iranian Cinema (Duke University Press, 2008). ISBN 978-0-8223-4275-5
- ISBN 1-85984-332-8
- Hamid Dabashi, Masters & Masterpieces of Iranian Cinema, 451 p. (Mage Publishers, Washington, D.C., 2007) ISBN 0-934211-85-X
- ISBN 978-1-84150-143-7
- ISBN 978-1-84511-146-5
- Najmeh Khalili Mahani, Women of Iranian Popular Cinema: Projection of Progress, Offscreen, Vol. 10, Issue 7, July 31, 2006, [2].
- Hester, Elizabeth J. "Cinema in Iran: A Selective Annotated Bibliography of Dissertations and Theses" ISBN 978-1493505494.
- K. Talattof & A.A. Seyed-Gohrab (eds.), Conflict and Development in Iranian Film (Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2013). ISBN 978-908-72-8169-4
- ISBN 978-0822347750.
- ISBN 978-0822347743.
- ISBN 978-0822348771.
- ISBN 978-0822348788.
External links
- IFILM TV - Iranian TV Channel on Cinema
- IRIB MEDIA TRADE Archived 2016-10-05 at the Wayback Machine
- Lovecinema - news cinema iran
- Soureh Pictures Archived 2016-10-10 at the Wayback Machine
- Iranian Movies Forum
- 50 Essential Iranian Films Archived 2015-04-07 at the Wayback Machine
- mooweex : Iranian Online Cinema
- Iranian film industry thriving, Hollywood learns - CNN
- Encyclopedia of Iranian cinema (in Persian)
- Iranian Cinema: Before the Revolution
- Iranian New Wave (Post-1997 Cinema)
- Iranian Cinema in Western eye
- The history of Iranian cinema: Time for intellectuals
- Iranian cinema & performance arts
- Iran Film
- Iranian OSCAR: Annual Celebration of Iranian Cinema Archived 2015-05-11 at the Wayback Machine
- Women of Iranian Popular Cinema
- Nantes festival director calls Iranian cinema one of world’s best
- History of Cinema in Tajikistan: The Iranian influence (in Persian)
- Review on Starting of Iranian Documentary Films
- Watch Iranian Cinema Documentary. The history of Iranian Cinema DOCUMENTARY
- Reza Talachian, 1984, A Brief Critical History of Iranian Feature Film (1896–1975), Iran Chamber Society.
- Film International, Iranian Film Quarterly Film International, Iranian Film Quarterly
- Farabi Cinema Foundation
- Tehran International Short Film Festival
- Persian Movies (2019 Persian Movies)