Drohobych

Coordinates: 49°21′00″N 23°30′00″E / 49.35000°N 23.50000°E / 49.35000; 23.50000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Drohobych
Дрогобич
City
Flag of Drohobych
Flag
Coat of arms of Drohobych
Coat of arms
Drohobych is located in Lviv Oblast
Drohobych
Drohobych
Location of Drohobych
Drohobych is located in Ukraine
Drohobych
Drohobych
Drohobych (Ukraine)
Coordinates: 49°21′00″N 23°30′00″E / 49.35000°N 23.50000°E / 49.35000; 23.50000
Country Ukraine
OblastLviv Oblast
RaionDrohobych Raion
HromadaDrohobych urban hromada
First mentioned1387
Government
 • MayorTaras Kuchma
Area
 • Total41.0 km2 (15.8 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total73,682
 • Density1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi)
Websitehttp://www.drohobych-rada.gov.ua/
Map

Drohobych (

Yiddish: דראָהאָבּיטש) is a city in the south of Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Drohobych Raion and hosts the administration of Drohobych urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] In 1939–1941 and 1944–1959 it was the center of Drohobych Oblast
.

Drohobych was founded at the end of the eleventh century as an important trading post and transport node between

Polish Kingdom by 1349, from the fifteenth century the city developer as a mercantile and saltworks centre. Drohobych became part of the Habsburg Empire in 1772 after the first partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the mid-nineteenth century it became Europe's largest oil extraction center, which significantly contributed to its rapid development. In the renascent, interwar Poland it was the center of a county within the Lwów Voivodeship. As an outcome of World War II, the city was incorporated into the Ukrainian part of the Soviet Union, which in 1991 became the independent Ukraine
.

The city was the birthplace of such well-known personalities as Elisabeth Bergner, Yuriy Drohobych (Kotermak), Ivan Franko and Bruno Schulz. The city has several oil refineries. The Drohobych saltworks are considered to be the oldest in Europe. The estimated population of Drohobych is 73,682 (2022 estimate)[2], making it the second largest city in Lviv region.

History

St-George Orthodox Church

While there are only legendary accounts of it, Drohobych probably existed in the Kievan Rus' period. According to a legend, there was a settlement, called Bych, of salt-traders. When Bych was destroyed in a Cumanian raid, survivors rebuilt the settlement in a nearby location under its current name which means a Second Bych. In the time of Kievan Rus', the Tustan fortress was built near Drohobych. However, scholars perceive this legend with skepticism, pointing out that Drohobych is a Polish pronunciation of Dorogobuzh, a common East Slavic toponym applied to three different towns in Kievan Rus'.[3]

The city was first mentioned in 1387 in the municipal records of Lviv, in connection with a man named Martin (or Marcin) of Drohobych.[3] Furthermore, the same chronicler's List of all Ruthenian cities, the farther and the near ones[4] in Voskresensky Chronicle (dated 1377–82) mentions "Другабець" (Druhabets') among other cities in Volhynia that existed at the same time such as Холмъ (Kholm), Лвовъ Великій (Lviv the Great).

In 1392 Polish king

starostvo (county within the Ruthenian Voivodeship
).

Drohobych received

Alexander the Jagiellonian
). The salt industry was significant in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries.

Yuriy Drohobych Monument

From the early seventeenth century, a Ukrainian Catholic brotherhood existed in the city. In 1648, during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, the Cossacks stormed the city and its cathedral. Most of the local Poles, as well as the Greek Catholics and the Jews, were murdered at the time, while some managed to survive in the Bell tower not taken in the raid. The 1772 partition of Poland gave the city to the Habsburg monarchy. In the 19th century, significant oil resources were discovered in the area, making the city an important center of the oil and natural gas industries.

After World War I, the area became part of the short-lived independent West Ukrainian People's Republic (Zakhidnoukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika; ZUNR). The ZUNR was taken over by the Second Polish Republic after the Polish–Ukrainian War and Drohobych became part of the Lwów Voivodeship in 1919. In 1928 the still extant Ukrainian private gymnasium (academically oriented secondary school) opened in the center of the city. The population reached some 40,000 in the late 1920s, and its oil refinery at Polmin became one of the biggest in Europe, employing 800 people. Numerous visitors came there to view the wooden Greek Catholic churches, among them the Church of St. Yur, which was regarded as the most beautiful such construction in the Second Polish Republic, with frescoes from 1691. Drohobych was also a major sports center (see: Junak Drohobycz).

In September 1939, after the

White Couriers organization, which in late 1939 and early 1940 smuggled hundreds of people from the Soviet Union to Hungary across the Soviet-Hungarian border in the Carpathian Mountains. In early July 1941, during the first weeks of the Nazi invasion of the USSR, the city was occupied by Nazi Germany
.

Pre-war Drohobych had a significant Jewish community of about 15,000 people, 40% of the total population. Immediately after the Germans entered the city,

Drohobych ghetto was established with approximately 10,000 prisoners, including Jews brought from neighboring localities. In June 1943, the German administration and troops liquidated the ghetto. Only 800 Jews from Drohobych survived.[7][8] On 6 August 1944, the German occupation ended and the Red Army entered the city. Despite the large Jewish population prior to the war, a current resident has stated that he was one of only two Jews who came back to his village to live after 1945.[9] After the war, the city remained an oblast center until the Drohobych Oblast was incorporated into the Lviv Oblast in 1959. In Soviet times, Drohobych became an important industrial center of Western Ukraine
, with highly developed oil-refining, machine building, woodworking, food, and light industries.

Until 18 July 2020, Drohobych was designated as a

Drohobych Municipality but not to Drohobych Raion, even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven, Drohobych Municipality was merged into Drohobych Raion.[10][11]

Demographics

The population of Drohobych over the years was:

  • 1931 – 32,300
  • 1959 – 42,000
  • 1978 – 65,998
  • 1989 – 77,571
  • 2001 – 79,119
  • 2010 – 78,368
  • 2022 – 73,682
Religious and national splits[12][5]
Mid-18th century
By religion		 1869
By religion		 1939
By religion		 1959
By nationality
total 3,737 total 16,880 total 34,600 total 42,000
2,200 (58.8%) Jewish 47.7% Jewish 39.9% Jewish 2% Jews
1,274 (34%) Roman Catholic 23.2% Roman Catholic 33.2% Roman Catholic 3% Poles
263 (7%) Greek Catholic 28.7% Greek Catholic
or Orthodox		 26.3% Greek Catholic
or Orthodox		 70% Ukrainians
22% Russians

Drohobych district

In 1931, the total population of the Drohobych district was 194,456, distributed among various languages:[13]

  • Polish: 91,935 (47.3%)
  • Ukrainian: 79,214 (40.7%)
  • Yiddish: 20,484 (10.5%)

In January 2007, the total population of the metropolitan area was over 103,000 inhabitants.

Geography

Climate

Climate data for Drohobych (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0) 		2.7
(36.9) 		7.4
(45.3) 		14.3
(57.7) 		19.8
(67.6) 		22.4
(72.3) 		24.4
(75.9) 		24.0
(75.2) 		19.0
(66.2) 		14.0
(57.2) 		7.2
(45.0) 		2.2
(36.0) 		13.2
(55.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.4
(27.7) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		2.7
(36.9) 		8.5
(47.3) 		13.8
(56.8) 		16.7
(62.1) 		18.6
(65.5) 		17.9
(64.2) 		13.3
(55.9) 		8.5
(47.3) 		3.2
(37.8) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		8.2
(46.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.9
(21.4) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		3.0
(37.4) 		7.5
(45.5) 		11.0
(51.8) 		13.0
(55.4) 		12.1
(53.8) 		8.2
(46.8) 		3.9
(39.0) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		3.5
(38.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 27.8
(1.09) 		34.4
(1.35) 		38.8
(1.53) 		55.7
(2.19) 		92.2
(3.63) 		105.8
(4.17) 		107.7
(4.24) 		85.2
(3.35) 		73.9
(2.91) 		51.6
(2.03) 		38.0
(1.50) 		35.9
(1.41) 		747.0
(29.41)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7.7 8.4 8.3 9.0 11.3 12.4 11.5 9.2 8.8 7.8 8.1 8.7 111.2
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		80.0 78.9 75.5 72.2 75.3 76.6 76.7 78.2 80.3 80.4 82.5 82.4 78.3
Source: World Meteorological Organization[14]

Economy

Industries currently based in the city include

machinery, metallurgy, and food processing
. Drohobych has rich salt deposits and for that reason salt is one of the most popular symbols of the city and is depicted on its emblem.

Education

Universities

Colleges

Sport

The city was home to one of Poland's best pre-war football clubs; Junak Drohobycz. It was disbanded in 1939 due to the Soviet invasion of Poland.

Naftovyk Drohobych
currently represents the city.

Sights

A former castle tower
  • St. George's Church, 16th–17th centuries
    St. George's Church, 16th–17th centuries
  • Church of the Holy Cross, 1613–1661
    Church of the Holy Cross, 1613–1661
  • Brick Gothic St-Bartholomew Church (14th–16th centuries) and its bell tower
    Brick Gothic St-Bartholomew Church (14th–16th centuries) and its bell tower
  • Town Hall
    Town Hall
  • Basilian monastery of Saints Peter and Paul, 1825–1828
    Basilian monastery of Saints Peter and Paul, 1825–1828
  • A historic building in Drohobych
    A historic building in Drohobych
  • Mazepy Street in Drohobych
    Mazepy Street in Drohobych
  • Osmomysla Street, Drohobych
    Osmomysla Street, Drohobych
  • Villa of Raymond Jarosz
    Villa of Raymond Jarosz
  • Bianchi Palace
    Bianchi Palace
  • Shevska Street, Drohobych
    Shevska Street, Drohobych
  • Drohobych City Park ХІХ st.
    Drohobych City Park ХІХ st.
  • Until 1918, Choral Synagogue had been the central synagogue of Galicia and Lodomeria
    Until 1918,
    Choral Synagogue had been the central synagogue of Galicia and Lodomeria
  • Holy Trinity Cathedral
    Holy Trinity Cathedral
  • A historic building in Drohobych
    A historic building in Drohobych

Notable people

Politics

  • Zenon Kossak, Ukrainian military and political leader (born here)
  • Andriy Melnyk
    , Ukrainian military and political leader (born near Drohobych)
  • David Horowitz (economist), Israeli economist and the first Governor of the Bank of Israel.
  • Leon Reich (1879–1929), lawyer and member of the Sejm of Poland (born here)

Arts

Other fields

Twin towns and sister cities

Drohobych is

twinned
with:

City Country Since
Bytom Poland Poland
Buffalo, New York United States USA
Dębica[15] Poland Poland
Legnica Poland Poland
Muscatine, Iowa United States USA
Olecko Poland Poland
Smiltene Latvia Latvia

References

  1. ^ "Дрогобычская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  2. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  3. ^ a b c Історія Дрогобича [History of Drohobych] (in Ukrainian). drohobych.net. Archived from the original on 16 January 2006.
  4. PSRL
    , Т. VII. Летопись по Воскресенскому списку. — СПб, 1856. — с. 240–41.
  5. ^ a b Kubijovyč, Volodymyr (2016). "Drohobych". Online Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  6. ISBN 978-0-521-61826-7
    .
  7. ISBN 3-492-22700-7
    , vol. 1, p. 371.
  8. ^ Преступления нацистов на территории СССР [Nazis crimes in the territory of the USSR] (in Russian). holocaust.ioso.ru. Archived from the original on 2 September 2006.
  9. ^ "Execution Sites of Jewish Victims Investigated by Yahad-In Unum: Execution of Jews in Drogobych". yahadmap.org. 2005. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  10. ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  11. ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
  12. ISBN 978-0-8020-3781-7
    . Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  13. ^ Bielawa, Matthew (2002). "Genealogy of Halychyna/Eastern Galicia: 1931 Polish Statistics: Population by language". halgal.com. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  14. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  15. ^ "Partnerstwo Samorządów Siłą Europy" [Local Government Partnerships as the Power of Europe]. Europa Miast (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2013-08-13.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drohobych&oldid=1219115463"