Duchy of Podolia
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Подільське князівство Księstwo podolskie | |
---|---|
1363–1394 | |
Status | Fiefdom of Smotrych, Kamianets-Podilskyi |
Common languages | Ruthenian language |
Religion | Christianity |
Government | Monarchy |
Historical era | Late Middle Ages |
• Established | 1363 |
• Disestablished | 1394 |
Duchy of Podolia (Ukrainian: Подільське князівство, Polish: Księstwo podolskie) was a historical state that previously was a part of Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia. The principality of Southwest Galicia–Volhynia, which was formed as a result of the struggle for the legacy of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia. Founded by Knyaz George Koriatovich from the Karijotas house.
Following the 14th century partition of the Kingdom between the
After a conquest of
In 1434, the duchy was transformed into the Podolian Voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.
Territory
Podolia (outdated — the lower reaches) was divided into Western —
The territory of the principality covered the land from intermittent of Strypa and Zolota in the west to the Dnieper in the east, in the south—east, the natural line was the Dniester River. In the south, the border was the limit of the steppe zone, controlled by the Golden Horde. In the north, leashed with Volyn and Kyiv lands.[1]
According to Oleksander Guagnini, Podilsky Region is very wide: from the West goes from the Muntenia and Volos border and extends to the Don River. Here was the Podilsky Ulus of the Golden Horde. And P. Knyazss occupied its own land of small Podolia.
History
The last Galicia–Volhynia monarch was Yuri II Boleslav — the son of the daughter of Yuri I of Galicia Mary and Mazovian Knyaz Troiden I. He settled relations with the Golden Horde.[2] In 1337, he made joint with the Ordin troops campaign to Poland,[3] trying to return captured by Poles in 1303 to Lublin lands.[4] Supporting peace with Lithuania and the Teutonic Order, Yuri II was in a bad relationship with Poland and Hungary who prepared a joint attack on the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia. After his poisoning in 1340, the struggle for the Earth of the Galician — Vladimir state was dispersed between the Grand Duke Volynsky, Liubartas and the Polish King Casimir III the Great. 1349 King Casimir III captured Galician land. In April 1350, the Louis I of Hungary concluded with Kazimir III, by which Hungary "retreated its hereditary rights" to the Galicia–Volhynia Kingdom is lifelong with Casimir III.
Karijotas
Karijotas began to master the Podolia after the division of the Galicia–Volhynia Kingdom. In 1362, Four Brothers of Koriyovichiv: Oleksander, Yuriy, Konstantin and Fedor participated in the troops of Stryka (Uncle Father) — Grand Duke
In 1366, the Podilsky principality fell into vassal dependence on the Polish kingdom, the rulers of Oleksander Koriatovich I Yuri paid tribute to the King of Kazimir III. Since then, the ruler of the Podilsky principality is a couple — the eldest and next by the Knyaz (Dumvirat).
In 1372, Knyaz Yuriy invited to take the throne in the neighboring Principality of Moldavia, he was up to 1377, when he was poisoned in contemporary local boyars (buried in the monastery near the city of Birlad). In 1374, he suffered the capital of Podillya from Smotrych to Kamyanets and built a city — fortress city with a castle and city fortifications. At the same time Kamyanets received from the Knyazs of Yuriy and Oleksandr Magdeburg rights. His successor became Brother Oleksander, who had previously owned Volodymyr and Krimets.
After death in the 1370th Casimir III, his sister son Louis I of Hungary became King of Galicia–Volhynia after Congress of Visegrád (1339). In 1372, he handed power over Galicia to his governor — Silesian Knyaz Vladislaus II of Opole (1372 — 1379, 1385 — 1387).
1377 — Knyaz Oleksander and Boris, as a result of the military campaign of the Hungarian King Louis on the Galicia–Volhynia lands, recognized the volatile dependence on him, evidence of which is found a coin of Podilsky half — money depicted with a picture on the reverse of the Anjou coat of arms, a coin in Smotrych, the first capital of the Podilsky principality. The "duets" of the senior coriatiches were several: Yuri and Oleksander, Oleksander and Boris, Boris and Constantine, Constantine and Fedor, Fedor and Vasyl. With this tradition, the fact that coins that have recently attributed to the Coriatovy are not recently attributed to coriaticals, only one of them — Konstantin. Such coins have only a few. On the one hand, it is depicted, on the one hand, Yuri Sorry, from the second — coat of arms Charl I Robert — on the left of white and red stripes of arpades, the right — yellow lilies on the blue shield of the Anjuly Sycolian dynasty; The two — way inscription is read by specialists as "Knyaz Konstantin coin, a smotful mastery. The coins were patterned according to "Galicia–Volhynia money", which were malled in Lviv, and had the name of "Podilsky half — seals".
Another known coin is P.K. — Podilsky Denarium of Knyaz Fedor Koriatovich, ruled in 1388 — 1393. The coin has a size of 12x13.5 mm, mass 0.30 g, 0.600 silver sample.
With the death of Louis Hungarian his elder daughter Maria became the titular queen of Hungary (1382 — 1395), Galicia and Vladimiria (1382 — 1387). The younger daughter of Yadviga received Poland, where the rules in 1384 — 1399. After the death of King Louis and Hungarian (1382) Knyazs Boris and Konstantin — Jr. took effective participation in the election of Jagayl to the Royal Prestol and his marriage with the 12 — year — old Queen Jadwiga of Poland.
About 1389 Fedir Koriyatovich inherited Podillya by the death of older brothers. In 1392, he entered the Union with Svidrigail — at that time Knyaz Vitebsk, which was also opposed to the policy of Yagaila, aimed at full subordination of the Undyl Principities up to their elimination.
References
- ^ Михайловський В. Подільське князівство… — С. 305—306
- ^ Войтович Л. Князь Юрій-Болеслав Тройденович: ескіз портрета // Княжа доба: історія і культура / [відп. ред. Володимир Александрович]; Національна академія наук України, Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крип'якевича. — Львів, 2011. — Вип. 5. — С. 217.
- ^ Войтович Л. Князь Юрій-Болеслав Тройденович: ескіз портрета. — С. 218
- ^ Юрій II Болеслав // Довідник з історії України. За ред. І. Підкови та Р. Шуста. — К. : Генеза, 1993.
Sources
- Witalij Mychajłowśkyj: Подільське князівство. W ISBN 978-966-00-1142-7.