Duchy of Oświęcim

Coordinates: 50°02′02″N 19°14′17″E / 50.034014°N 19.238140°E / 50.034014; 19.238140
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Duchy of Oświęcim
Księstwo Oświęcimskie (Polish)
1315–1564
Coat of arms of the Austrian Dukes of Auschwitz, 1890 of Oswiecim, Duchy
Coat of arms of the Austrian Dukes of Auschwitz, 1890
Cieszyn
1315
• Vassalized by Bohemia
1327
• Split off Zator
1445
• Sold to Poland
1457
• Incorporated into Kraków Voivodeship
1564
• Seized by Austria
1772
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Duchy of Teschen
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
Today part ofPoland

The Duchy of Oświęcim (

fragmentation of Poland, centered around Oświęcim
.

It was established about 1315 on the

Kingdom of Poland in 1457. Thanks to the annexation to the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, the areas of the Duchy of Oświęcim were reunited with the Kraków Land of Lesser Poland. Annexed by the Habsburg Empire in 1772 as a part of Galicia, the remaining ducal title ceased to exist in 1918 with the lands being reincorporated into the Second Polish Republic as a part of Kraków Voivodeship
.

History

Oświęcim Castle

From the beginning, these areas were part of the Kraków Land of

Duchy of Cieszyn until after the death of Duke Mieszko I in 1315, the lands of Oświęcim east of the Biała were split off from it as a separate duchy for Mieszko's son Władysław. In 1327 his heir Duke Jan I the Scholastic paid homage to King John of Bohemia and likewise many other Silesian duchies, Oświęcim became a vassal of the Bohemian Crown
.

In 1445 the duchies of Zator and Toszek were created from some the lands of the duchy.[1] Though the Duchy of Oświęcim had fallen under the Bohemian vassalage, it was re-united with Poland in 1454, when the last duke, Jan IV, declared himself a vassal of the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon. Jan had no male heirs and sold his duchy to King Casimir for the price of 3,000,000 Prague groschen three years later.

At the time the duchy was being sold it consisted of: two towns (Oświęcim and

Mikuszowice, Pisarzowice, Hałcnów, Biertułtowice, Komorowice, Żebracz, Bestwina, Dankowice, Stara Wieś, Jawiszowice, Harmęże
.

At the

General sejm of 1564, King Sigismund II Augustus issued privileges of incorporation recognizing both Duchies of Oświęcim and Zator as part of the Polish Crown into the Silesian County of the Kraków Voivodeship (as a part of Lesser Poland Province
), although the Polish kings retained both ducal titles.

After the First Partition of Poland in 1772, the lands of the former duchies of Oświęcim and Zator were affiliated to the Habsburg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, an Austrian crown land from 1804, and joined the German Confederation in 1818 by virtue of its historical affiliation.[3] By the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye they were attached to the Polish Kraków Voivodeship.

Dukes of Oświęcim

The Dukes of Oświęcim belonged to the

Dukes of Silesia). It should be added that although this area temporarily belonged to the Silesian Piast dynasty, it is the area of Lesser Poland, not Silesia
.

1314/5-1321/4
Mieszko I of Cieszyn
, from 1290 co-regent, due to division of Oświęcim)
1321/4-1372 Jan I the Scholastic (son of Władysław I)
1321/4-1325 Euphrosyne of Masovia (wife of Władysław I, mother of Jan I, regent, d. 1329)
1372-1375/6 Jan II (son Jan I)
1375/6-1405 Jan III (son of Jan II, died childless)
1405–1406 Przemysław (also known as Przemysław the Younger (Młodszy), son of Przemysław I Noszak (whose uncle was Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn), from 1404 prince of half of Ścinawa and Głogów, from 1405 also in Toszek)
1410-1433/4 Casimir I (son of Przemysł Młodszy, due to division in 1414 of Oświęcim, Toszek and Strzelin (in Strzelin until 1427))
1433/4-1484 Przemysław of Toszek (son of Casimir I, also prince of Toszek due to its division in 1445)
1433/4-1456
Jan IV (Janusz) (brother of Przemysław Toszecki and son of Kazimierz I, also prince of Toszek, from 1445 due to a division of Oświęcim, 1465-1482 Gliwice
, abdicated (Oświęcim transferred to Crown of Poland), d. 1496)

Rulers claiming the ducal title after partition of Poland

In the aftermath of the First Partition of Poland until 1918, the Habsburg

official grand title
.

Emperor Acceded Deceded
Joseph II 1772 20 February 1790
Leopold II 20 February 1790 1 March 1792
Francis I 1 March 1792 2 March 1835
Ferdinand I 2 March 1835 2 December 1848
Francis Joseph I
 2 December 1848 21 November 1916
Charles I 21 November 1916 11 November 1918

References

  1. ^ The History of the City of Oświęcim Archived January 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine www.auschwitz.org.pl Archived 2008-10-07 at the Wayback Machine (based on Auschwitz 1940–1945. Central Issues in the History of the Camp, "Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum Publications". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 26 December 2007.", published by the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, Poland)
  2. ISBN 83-88857-31-2
    .
  3. ^ Zoepfl, Heinrich (1859). Corpus Juris Confoederationis Germanicae (in German). Frankfurt am Main: H.L. Brönner. p. 63.

50°02′02″N 19°14′17″E / 50.034014°N 19.238140°E / 50.034014; 19.238140

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