Dzhokhar Dudayev
Dzhokhar Dudaev | |
---|---|
Dudin Musa-Khant Dʒouxar | |
President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria | |
In office 1 November 1991 – 21 April 1996 | |
Vice President | Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev (acting) |
Prime Minister of Ichkeria | |
In office 9 November 1991 – 21 April 1996 | |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev |
Personal details | |
Born | 15 February 1944 guided missile |
Nationality | Chechen |
Political party | CPSU (1968–1990) Independent (1990–1996) |
Other political affiliations | NCChP (1991–1996) |
Spouse | Alla Dudayeva |
Children |
|
Profession | Military Soviet-Afghan War[3] X |
Dzhokhar Musayevich Dudayev, Born as Dudin Musa-Khant Dʒouxar [a][b] (15 February 1944 – 21 April 1996) was a Chechen politician, statesman and military leader of the 1990s Chechen Independence movement from Russia. He served as the first president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, from 1991 until his assassination in 1996. Previously he had been a Major General of Aviation in the Soviet Armed Forces.
Dzhokhar and his family, along with the entire Chechen nation, had been
In 1991, Dudayev refused orders from Moscow to suppress Estonia's drive for independence and subsequently resigned from the Soviet Armed Forces before returning to Chechnya. A number of streets, squares and alleys in various countries are named after him, such as in Ukraine, Turkey, Poland, Estonia, Georgia, Lithuania and Latvia.
Early life and military career
Dudayev was born in
In 1962, Dudayev began serving in the
He was also commander of the garrison of Tartu. He learned
Chechen politics
In May 1990, Dudayev returned to Grozny, the Chechen capital, to devote himself to local politics. He was elected head of the Executive Committee of the unofficial opposition All-National Congress of the Chechen People (NCChP), which advocated sovereignty for Chechnya as a separate republic of the Soviet Union (the Chechen-Ingush ASSR had the status of an autonomous republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic).
In August 1991,
President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
After a referendum in October 1991 confirmed Dudayev in his new position as president of the
Initially, Dudayev's government had diplomatic relations with Georgia where he received much moral support from the first Georgian President Zviad Gamsakhurdia. When Gamsakhurdia was overthrown in late 1991, he was given asylum in Chechnya and attended Dudayev's inauguration as President. While he resided in Grozny he also helped to organise the first "All-Caucasian Conference" which was attended by independentist groups from across the region. Ichkeria never received diplomatic recognition from any internationally recognised state other than Georgia in 1991.[citation needed]
The Chechen-Ingush Republic split in two in June 1992, amidst the increasing
In 1993, the Chechen parliament attempted to organize a referendum on public confidence in Dudayev on the grounds that he had failed to consolidate Chechnya's independence. He retaliated by dissolving parliament and other organs of power. Beginning in early summer of 1994, armed Chechen opposition groups with
First Chechen War
On 1 December 1994, the Russians began bombing Grozny airport and destroyed some former Soviet training aircraft taken away by the republic in 1991. In response, Ichkeria mobilised its armed forces. On 11 December 1994, five days after Dudayev and Minister of Defense Pavel Grachev of Russia had agreed to avoid the further use of force, Russian troops invaded Chechnya.[citation needed]
Before the fall of Grozny, Dudayev abandoned
Assassination
On 21 April 1996, while using a
The death of Dudayev was announced on the interrupted television
Dudayev was survived by his wife, Alla, and their sons, Degi and Avlur.
Commemoration
There is a memorial plaque made of granite attached to the house on 8
Places named in honor of Dudayev include:
- Georgia – There is a street in the Georgian capital Tbilisi named after Dzokhar Dudayev.[20]
- Lithuania – Džocharo Dudajevo skveras (Dzhokhar Dudaev Square) in the Žvėrynas district of Vilnius.[23]
- Poland – On 17 March 2005, a roundabout in the Polish capital Warsaw was named Rondo Dżochara Dudajewa (Roundabout Dzhokhar Dudayev).[24]
- Turkey – After Dudayev's death, various locations in Turkey were renamed after him, such as Şehit Cahar Dudayev Caddesi (Martyr Dzhokhar Dudaev Street) and Şehit Cahar Dudayev Parkı (Martyr Dzhokhar Dudayev Park) in Istanbul/Ataşehir-Örnek, Cahar Dudayev Meydanı (Dzhokhar Dudayev Square) in Ankara, Şehit Cahar Dudayev Parkı (Martyr Dzhokhar Dudaev Park) in Adapazarı, Sakarya and Şehit Cevher Dudayev Parkı in Sivas.[25]
- war in Donbas, that started in the spring of 2014, a pro-Ukrainian volunteer battalion was named after Dudayev, led by former Chechen General Isa Munayev.[26] In December 2022 recently liberated (from Russian forces) Izium decided to rename Turgenev Street to Dzhokhar Dudayev Street.[29] In May 2023 Poltava renamed Nikitchenko Street in honor of Dzhokhar Dudayev.[30][31]
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Dzhokhar Dudayev Monument in Vilnius, Lithuania.
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House number on Dzhokhar Dudayev avenue in Riga, Latvia.
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Dzhokhar Dudayev Roundabout in Warsaw, Poland.
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Dzhokhar Dudayev Street in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
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Dzhokhar Dudayev Square in Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Chechen Gallery murals in Warsaw, Poland. Dzhokhar Dudayev on the left.
Electoral history
Election | Affiliation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | Percentage | Position | ||
1991 Chechen presidential election | Vainakh Democratic Party | 412,671 | 90.1% |
1st |
Notes
- ^ Chechen: ДудагӀеран Мусан-воӀ ЖовхӀар, romanized: Dudaġeran Musan-voj Ƶhovhar; Russian: Джохар Мусаевич Дудаев; ⓘ
- ^ The spelling of Dudayev's given name in modern Chechen ranges between Джохар, ДжовхӀар, Джовхар and Жовхар.
- ^ While Dudayev was in Chechnya in the 1990s, his family lived at 21-52 Sõpruse Boulevard (Estonian: Sõpruse puiestee 21-52) which was his the residence while he commanded the 326th Heavy Bomber Aviation Division in Tartu.[13]
References
- 1994–1998 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ "Конец мятежного генерала Джохара Дудаева". KM.RU Новости – новости дня, новости России, последние новости и комментарии.
- ^ Milyon Birinci – Cahar Dudayev (in Turkish)
- ISBN 9780521636193.
- ^ a b c Узел, Кавказский. "Дудаев Джохар Мусаевич". Кавказский Узел.
- ^ James Hughes, Chechnya: from nationalism to jihad p. 22
- ^ "Man in the News; Chechen Warrior Chief: Soviet Army Credentials -- Dzhokhar M. Dudayev". The New York Times. 15 December 1994. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Christopher Marsh, Nikolas K. Gvosdev, Civil Society and the Search for Justice in Russia, p 148
- ^ John B. Dunlop, Russia Confronts Chechnya: Roots of a Separatist Conflict, p. 110
- ^ a b c John B. Dunlop, Russia Confronts Chechnya: Roots of a Separatist Conflict, p 111
- ISBN 0-7656-1283-6.
- ^ Interview with Alla Dudaeva, Sobesednik.ru 2006 Archived 7 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 0-520-23888-5. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
dudayev nuclear.
- ^ Karulin, Ott (8 October 2000). "Dudajevite võlg Tartus" [Dudayev debt in Tartu]. Õhtuleht (ohtuleht.ee) (in Estonian). Archived from the original on 22 December 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ "TIME TO SET THE CHECHEN FREE". 5 April 2010. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
- ^ Robert Young Pelton (2 March 2012). "Kill the messenger". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 16 August 2012.
- ^ 'Dual attack' killed president, BBC News, 21 April 1999
- ^ Chechen leader confirmed dead; Supporter says freedom fight unaffected CNN, 24 April 1996
- ^ "Džohhar Dudajevi mälestustahvel". info.raad.tartu.ee. Archived from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ^ Postimees, 8 May 1996: "Nimeline tänav ja orden Dzhohhar Dudajevile" Archived 27 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "ვაკე-საბურთალოს რაიონი". www.cartogiraffe.com (in Georgian). Archived from the original on 11 April 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- ^ "Vāc parakstus Dudajeva gatves pārdēvēšanai". Apollo. 15 October 1925. Archived from the original on 29 September 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
- ^ "Paraksties par Džohara Dudajeva gatves nosaukuma saglabāšanu". Kristaps Skutelis. 23 November 2009. Archived from the original on 28 November 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
- ^ "Wikimapia – Let's describe the whole world!".
- ^ Warsaw's Dudaev move irks Moscow BBC News, 21 March 2005
- ^ "Kocasinan Dudayev Parkı yenileniyor" [Kocasinan Dudayev Park is being renovated]. www.kayserigundem.com (in Turkish). 29 November 2006. Archived from the original on 24 December 2007.
- ^ a b Chechen fighter transfers struggle against Kremlin to Ukraine, Chechen fighter transfers struggle against Kremlin to Ukraine], Kyiv Post (27 May 2014)
- ^ Головатий М. 200 вулиць Івано-Франківська. — Івано-Франківськ: Лілея-НВ, 2010. — С. 144—145
- ^ Як у Хмельницькому Джохара Дудаєва вшановували at khm.depo.ua (ukrainian)
- ^ "Bandera Street appeared in the liberated Izium". Ukrainska Pravda (in Ukrainian). 3 December 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "A memorial plaque to Dzhokhar Dudayev was opened in Poltava". Istorychna Pravda (in Ukrainian). 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
- ^ Anastasia Dobryak (30 November 2022). "Streets of Kukoba and Heroes of Stalingrad. List for the second round of renaming in Poltava". Zmist (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 15 February 2024.
Sources
- Khaustov, V. N. (2007). "ДУДА́ЕВ ДЖОХАР МУСАЕВИЧ" [DUDÁYEV DZHOKHAR MUSAYEVICH]. In Kravets, S. L.; et al. (eds.). ISBN 978-5-85270-339-2.
External links
- Media related to Dzhokhar Dudayev at Wikimedia Commons
See also
- Russian Federation, which he made during the First Chechen War. Since then many scholars, publicists, politicians have built upon his concept.