Flame-faced tanager
Flame-faced tanager | |
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T. p. parzudakii | |
T. p. lunigera | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Thraupidae |
Genus: | Tangara |
Species: | T. parzudakii
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Binomial name | |
Tangara parzudakii (Lafresnaye, 1843)
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Synonyms | |
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The flame-faced tanager (Tangara parzudakii) is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is endemic to South America and is found in the eastern Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Its natural
It is
Taxonomy and systematics
The flame-faced tanager was first described as Tanagra parzudakii by
The flame-faced tanager is one of 27 species in the genus Tangara. Within the genus, it is put in a species group with the blue-whiskered tanager, green-and-gold tanager, emerald tanager, golden tanager, silver-throated tanager, saffron-crowned tanager, and golden-eared tanager. This placement has been supported by DNA evidence. However, it is not known which of the species in the group are sister to the flame-throated tanager.[6]
Subspecies
There are three subspecies of the flame-faced tanager, all of which are recognized on the basis of slight differences in plumage.[6][4]
- T. p. parzudakii (Colombian Andes, and the east slope of the Ecuadorian Andes.
- T. p. urubambae , and a duller forecrown and belly.
- T. p. lunigera (P.L. Sclater, 1851): Also known as the yellow-faced tanager, it is found on the Pacific slope of the Colombian Andes, along with northwestern Ecuador at elevations of 1,000–2,600 m (3,300–8,500 ft). It has an orange-red face instead of a red one. It is recognized as a distinct species by some authorities.[6][7]
Description
The flame-faced tanager is a distinctive-looking medium-sized species of tanager, being on average 14–15 cm (5.5–5.9 in) in length and 28 g (0.99 oz) in mass. Both sexes of the species look similar.[6]
The body is mostly black and silvery green. The
The nominate subspecies is unlikely to be mistaken for any other species due to the deep red facial plumage, but lunigera resembles the saffron-crowned tanager. However, it can be distinguished due to the latter's greenish breast, yellow crissum (area surrounding cloaca), and smaller size.[6]
Distribution and habitat
Flame-faced tanagers are found in the
Behavior and ecology
The flame-faced tanager is most often found either in pairs or groups of 3–7 birds. It is also often found in mixed-species flocks, which are composed mostly of other tanager species. On average, mixed-species flocks containing the flame-faced tanager have seven other species in them.[6]
Diet
Like other tanagers in its genus, the flame-faced tanager is
Breeding
In Colombia, adults were observed feeding each other berries as a part of
The
Status
The flame-faced tanager is listed as a species of
References
- . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Société Cuvierienne; Cuvierienne, Société (1843). Revue zoologique. Paris: Société cuvierienne.
- ISBN 978-1-4081-3326-2.
- ^ a b "Tanagers and allies – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-09-04.
- ^ "Tangara parzudakii (Flame-faced Tanager) – Avibase". Avibase. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
- ^ S2CID 216310426.
- ^ . Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- JSTOR 1367559.
- ^ Arcos-Torres, Agustina; Solano-Ugalde, Alejandro (2007-01-01). "Notas sobre la anidación de tres especies del género Tangara (Thraupidae: Aves) en el noroccidente de Ecuador". Boletin Sociedad Antioqueña de Ornitología (in Spanish). 17 (2): 133–137.
- ^ a b Sheldon, Kimberly; Greeney, Harold; Dobbs, Robert (2014-01-01). "Nesting biology of the Flame-faced Tanager (Tangara parzudakii) in northeastern Ecuador". Ornitologia Neotropical. 25: 397–406.
- ^ BirdLife International (2016-10-01). "Tangara parzudakii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2021-09-05.