Granuloma inguinale
Granuloma inguinale | |
---|---|
Other names | Donovanosis |
Donovanosis | |
Specialty | Infectious diseases, dermatology |
Granuloma inguinale is a bacterial disease caused by Klebsiella granulomatis (formerly known as Calymmatobacterium granulomatis)[1] characterized by genital ulcers.[2] It is endemic in many less-developed regions. It is also known as donovanosis,[3] granuloma genitoinguinale,[3] granuloma inguinale tropicum,[3] granuloma venereum,[4] granuloma venereum genitoinguinale,[3] lupoid form of groin ulceration,[3] serpiginous ulceration of the groin,[3] ulcerating granuloma of the pudendum,[3] and ulcerating sclerosing granuloma. Oral manifestations are also notably seen. The lesions of oral cavity are usually secondary to active genital lesions.
The disease often goes untreated because of the scarcity of medical treatment in the countries in which it is found. In addition, the painless
Symptoms and signs
Small, painless nodules appear after about 10–40 days of contact with the bacteria. Later, the nodules burst, creating open, fleshy red ulcers with rolled edges that have a tendency to bleed on contact. The
Mechanism
The microorganism spreads from one host to another through contact with the open sores.[8]
Diagnosis
The
They appear deep purple when stained with
Classification
The first known name for this condition was "serpiginous ulcer", which dates to 1882.[11][12] The proper clinical designation for donovanosis is "granuloma inguinale".[5] A granuloma is a nodular type of inflammatory reaction, and inguinale refers to the inguinal region, which is commonly involved in this infection. The disease is commonly known as donovanosis, after the Donovan bodies seen on microscopy, which are a diagnostic sign.[13]
The causative organism, Klebsiella granulomatis, was called Calymmatobacterium granulomatis, and some sources still use this classification,[14][15] from the Greek kalymma (a hood or veil), referring to the lesions that contain the bacteria. Prior to this, it was called Donovania granulomatis, named after the Donovan bodies.[5]
The
Prevention
The disease is effectively treated with
Treatment
Recommended regimen is
See also
- Chancroid
- List of cutaneous conditions
References
- PMID 12473810.
- ISBN 978-0-7020-7870-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-323-03303-9.
- PMID 19052412.
- ^ Arora AK, Kumaran MS, Narang T, et al. Donovanosis and squamous cell carcinoma: the relationship conundrum! Int J STD AIDS. 2017;28:411–414.
- ^ "Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis)".
- ^ a b c thefreedictionary.com > Donovan bodies Retrieved on Nov 29, 2009
- PMID 29004684.
- PMID 17459300.
- PMID 28997806.
- PMID 30020678. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
- ^ "granuloma inguinale" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- PMID 12473810.
- PMID 12635932.
- PMID 10555350.
- ^ "Donovanosis". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
- ^ "Granuloma Inguinale". MSD. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
- ^ "Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis) - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2018-08-23.
Further reading
- Gavin Hart MD, MPH Transcript of the lecture given at the Australian Society for Infectious Diseases/Australasian College of Tropical Medicine Conference at Palm Cove (Cairns), Queensland on 19 April 1999.