Gudalur, Nilgiris

Coordinates: 11°30′N 76°30′E / 11.50°N 76.50°E / 11.50; 76.50
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about a town in Nilgiris district. For other uses, see Gudalur.

Gudalur
Municipality
UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
643212, 643211
Telephone code04262
Vehicle registrationTN 43 Z, TN 43 Y, TN 43 X, TN 43 W
Sex ratio900/1000 ♂/♀

Gudalur is a

state of Tamil Nadu
.

Demographics

Religions

Religious census
Religion Percent(%)
Hindu
 
 59.83%
Muslim
 
 26.01%
Christian
 
 14.1%
Sikh
 
 0.01%
Other
 
 0.05%
No religion
 
 0.01%

Languages

Languages in Gudalur taluk (2011)[3]
  1. Malayalam
    (46.9%)
  2. Tamil (38.8%)
  3. Kannada
    (8.8%)
  4. Others (5.5%)

Gudalur was

Malayali majority until the formation of Kerala state in 1956. A government sponsored resettlement of Tamils in Gudalur led to it being a Tamil majority by 1970s. But the Tamil population was again pushed to the second position because of the splitting of Gudalur taluk into two, Pandalur
and Gudalur.

However It may also be noted that both the tamils and malayalees are migrants to this region post the British plantations just like in the case of Kodagu, Devikulam and Peermade which all belonged to indigenous tribes originally.

According to 2011 census, Gudalur had a population of 49,535 with a sex-ratio of 1,032 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[4] A total of 5,359 were under the age of six, constituting 2,719 males and 2,640 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 27.66% and 3.65% of the population respectively. The literacy rate of the town was 79.48%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[4] The town had a total of 12101 households. There were a total of 18,807 workers, comprising 551 cultivators, 1,759 main agricultural labourers, 206 household industries, 14,488 other workers, 1,803 marginal workers, 90 marginal cultivators, 278 marginal agricultural labourers, 119 marginal workers in household industries and 1,316 other marginal workers.[5] As per the religious census of 2011, Gudalur had 59.83% Hindus, 26.01% Muslims, 14.1% Christians, 0.01% Sikhs, 0.05% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.[6]

Climate

Gudalur Viewed from Ooty Hill Road

Gudalur is situated at a height of approximately 3,500 feet (1,100 m) above sea level.[7] The normal rainfall is 3000 mm per annum. While 75% of the rain is received during the southwest monsoon, (June to August) and northeast monsoon (October to November) contribution of northeast monsoon is only 15% to the total of rainfall and 8% of the rains are received during the hot weather and 2% during the winter. The weather is mainly dry during January–March and the moisture content gradually increases thereon under the influence of southwest monsoon.

Politics

Member of Legislative Assembly
from Gudalur constituency.

Nilgiris (Lok Sabha constituency).[8]

History

Wayanad Taluk in 1854. The Taluks of Malabar were rearranged in 1860 and 1877.[9]

Pre-history

Historians believe that the human settlements existed in these parts for at least ten centuries

Edakkal Caves has 6000-year-old rock engravings from the Neolithic age. The recorded history of this district is available only from the 18th century. In ancient times, this land was ruled by the Rajas of the Veda tribe.[10]

Ezhimala kingdom

Main article:
Ezhimala
See also: Mushika dynasty

In the earliest part of the recorded history of Gudalur region, Wayanad District, Kasaragod-Kannur-Wayanad-Kozhikode Districts in the northern part of present-day Kerala were ruled by the Nannans (

Ezhimala
.

Kolathunadu

Main article: Kolathunadu

The Mooshaka Kings were considered descendants of Nannan. By the 14th century,

Mooshaka Kingdom was known as Kolathirinad and the Rulers as Kolathiris
. The Kolathunad Kingdom at the peak of its power reportedly extended from Kasaragod in the north to Korapuzha in the south with Arabian Sea on the west and
Kodagu hills on the eastern boundary.[14]

Kingdom of Kottayam

The

Kodagu. By the end of the 17th century, they shared the area of Thalassery Taluk with the Iruvazhinadu Nambiars and were in possession of North Wayanad and the small Village of Thamarassery which formed the Eastern portion of the present Vadakara, Quilandy and Thamarassery Taluks.[13]

Carnatic invasions into Wayanad and Gudalur

In 930 AD, emperor Erayappa of

Hoysala invaded Bayalnad followed by Vijayanagara
dynasty in the 16th century. In 1610 AD, Udaiyar Raja Wadiyar of Mysore drove out Vijayanagara General and became the ruler of Bayalnad and the Nilgiris. Bayalnad is the present Wayanad.

Mysore Sultans

When

Wayanad was under Hyder Ali's rule, the ghat road from Vythiri to Thamarassery was invented.[19] Then the British rulers developed this route to Carter road.[20] After Hyder Ali, his son Tipu Sultan
took control over the territory.

Colonial era

Wayanad Taluk in Malabar District was the regions included in the Gudalur and Pandalur Taluks of present Nilgiris district. Southeast Wynad was a part of Malabar District until 31 March 1877, when it was transferred to the neighbouring Nilgiris district due to the heavy population of Malabar and the small area of Nilgiris.[21]
It consisted of the following 3 Amsoms.

References

  1. ^ "Gudalur Municipality". Archived from the original on 24 March 2008. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  2. ^ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  3. ^ "Census of India - Language".
  4. ^ a b "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  5. ^ "Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Gudalur". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  6. ^ "Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu" (XLS). Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  7. ^ "Climate Graph".
  8. ^ "List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). Tamil Nadu. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2008. Retrieved 10 October 2008.
  9. ^ M. Vijayanunni (1983). 1981 Census Handbook- Wayanad District (Part-A&B) (PDF). Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala.
  10. ^ "Wayanad- A scton of Western Ghats". Anand Bharat. 27 November 2017. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  11. ^ Census of India, 2001: Wayanad. Controller of Publications. 2004. p. 4.
  12. ^ Census of India, 1991: pt. 2A. General population tables. Controller of Publications. 1995. p. 13.
  13. ^ a b c d e Government of India (2014–15). District Census Handbook – Wayanad (Part-B) 2011 (PDF). Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala.
  14. ^ District Census Handbook, Kasaragod (2011) (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Directorate of Census Operation, Kerala. p. 9.
  15. ISBN 9788120604476
    .
  16. ^ The Hindu staff reporter (21 November 2011). "Neeleswaram fete to showcase its heritage". The Hindu. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  17. ^ The Kadamba kula A history of ancient and medieval Karnatak, By George M. Moraces BX furtado &sons Bombay 1931
  18. ^ "The Kadamba Kula". Bombay B X Furtado And Sons. 1931.
  19. ^ Madrass District Gazetteeers, The Nilgiris. By W. Francic. Madras 1908 Pages 90-104
  20. ^ Report of the Administration of Mysore 1863-64. British Parliament Library
  21. ^ a b Logan, William (1887). Malabar Manual (Volume-2). Madras: PRINTED BY R. HILL, AT THE GOVERNMENT PRESS.
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