House of Commons of England
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The Honourable the Commons of the Kingdom of England in Parliament assembled | |
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First past the post with limited suffrage | |
Meeting place | |
Various, but usually at the Palace of Westminster | |
Footnotes | |
See also: House of Commons of Great Britain |
The House of Commons of England was the lower house of the
Origins
The Parliament of England developed from the
The first parliament to invite representatives of the major towns was
Development of independence
The division of the Parliament of England into two houses occurred during the reign of
Mare was soon released after the death of King Edward III and in 1377 became the second speaker of the Commons.During the reign of the next monarch,
The influence of the Crown was increased by the
When the House of Stuart came to the English throne in 1603, the dependence of the Crown on Parliament for sufficient revenue to fund the operations of government returned as an issue and point of leverage. The first two Stuart monarchs, James I and Charles I, provoked conflicts with the Commons over issues such as taxation, religion, and royal powers.
The differences between Charles I and Parliament were great, and resulted in the English Civil War, in which the armed forces of Parliament were victorious.[7] In December 1648 the House of Commons was purged by the New Model Army, which was supposed to be subservient to Parliament. Pride's Purge was the only military coup in English history. Subsequently, Charles I was beheaded and the Upper House was abolished. The unicameral Parliament that remained was later referred to by critics as the Rump Parliament, as it consisted only of a small selection of Members of Parliament approved by the army – some of whom were soldiers themselves. In 1653, when leading figures in this Parliament began to disagree with the army, it was dissolved by Oliver Cromwell. However, the monarchy and the House of Lords were both restored with the Commons in 1660. The influence of the Crown had been decreased, and was further diminished after James II was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the Bill of Rights 1689 was enacted.
Representation outside British Isles
Two European cities, both annexed from and later ceded to the
See also
- Duration of English parliaments before 1660
- Borough status in the United Kingdom
- Lex Parliamentaria, a pocket manual for Members of Parliament, first published in 1690
- List of acts of the Parliament of England
- List of parliaments of England
- List of speakers of the House of Commons of England
- Modus Tenendi Parliamentum, a 14th-century document that outlined an idealised version of English parliamentary procedure
References
- ^ "Act of Union 1707". UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ "Parliament and Ireland". UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ E. Barker, Essays on Government (2nd ed. London: Oxford Press, 1951), pp. 62-63
- ^ "Key Dates of Parliament". Retrieved 23 September 2022 – via parliament.uk.
- ^ OCLC 59259407.
- OCLC 7681359.
- ^ "Overview of English Civil War". UK Parliament. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- John Cannon, Parliamentary Reform 1640-1832 (Cambridge University Press, 1973)
- J. E. Neale, The Elizabethan House of Commons (Jonathan Cape, 1949)