Hunting in Australia
A survey of recreational hunters identified the following usage rates of particular hunting methods:
Game species
Many species of
The most commonly hunted animals by recreational hunters are rabbits, foxes, ducks,
The recreational
Six species of deer can be found in Australia.[7]
- The chital deer (Axis axis) is also known as the Indian spotted deer; they are light to dark brown with permanent white spots which appear as broken lines running along the body. They typically have three tined antlers.
- The hog deer (Axis porcinus) is a close relative of the chital; they range from a uniform dark brown during winter to a rich reddish-brown in summer, at which time light-coloured spots along the sides and on either side of the dark dorsal stripe are visible in individuals. Typically, they have three tined antlers, but extra points are not unheard of.
- The sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) is the largest deer species to be found in Australia. They are normally brown, but individuals of grey to almost black are seen. Typically, they have three tined antlers, but they often sported with a wide variety of styles.
- The rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) is a close relative of the sambar but smaller in size; they are a uniform grey-brown, variable between individuals and season. It typically has three tined antlers.
- The red deer (Cervus elaphus) ranges from a dull brown in winter coat to a rich reddish brown in summer; a permanent straw-coloured rump or caudal patch is retained throughout the year
- The fallow deer (Dama dama) is the most common species of deer in the world. In the summer, they are light to reddish brown with white spots. In the winter, this changes to a greyish brown.
Legislation
Australian Capital Territory
All that is required to hunt in Australian Capital Territory is a valid firearms licence. Individuals between the ages of 12 – 17 can hold a minor's firearms licence, allowing them to hunt under adult supervision. However, hunting is restricted to pest animals on private property and may only be carried out with the landowner's permission.
New South Wales
New South Wales allows the hunting of deer.
In NSW game species include ducks, which may be hunted under the New South Wales Game Bird Management Program, as well as wild deer,
Dogs, cats and hares are classified as both feral and game.[9]
Northern Territory
The Northern Territory freely allows the hunting of feral animals on private land with the landowner's permission as long as the hunter holds a valid firearms licence. This excepts feral pigs and waterfowl, for which a permit is required to hunt on certain reserves.
As well as species that can be hunted anywhere in Australia, the Northern Territory considers many animals to be feral: Arabian camels, buffaloes, banteng, cane toads, donkeys, feral cats, horses, wild dogs, feral cattle, house sparrows, pigeons, sambar deer, rusa deer, chital and turtle doves.
All waterfowl hunters require a permit to hunt and may only do so during the declared open season. Waterfowl includes the following species: magpie geese, Pacific black duck, wandering whistling duck, plumed whistling duck, grey teal, pink-eared duck, hardhead duck, maned duck.
Queensland
In Queensland, some native species (with a permit[10]) and all pest species may be hunted at any time of the year with the landowner's permission. A weapons licence is required to carry firearms.
No species are declared as game animals. Many animals are declared pests in Queensland. Species commonly hunted include
South Australia
South Australia allows the hunting of game species during open season. Species listed as game are the stubble quail, Pacific black duck, grey teal, chestnut teal, Australian shelduck, pink-eared duck and maned duck.
Some native species and all introduced species may be hunted at any time of the year. Namely camels, deer, starling, domestic pigeon, European blackbird and the spotted turtle-dove.
Tasmania
A game licence is required to hunt in Tasmania, pests and feral creatures are eligible to be hunted on private, state and crown land.
Pests can be hunted on crown land at any time, however on private and state land hunts are only carried out with explicit permission from the owner of the private land.
Minor permits in both firearms and hunting can be applied for if under the age of 18 years. There are two different grades of minor permits available to those between 12 – 16 and 16 – 18 years.
Tasmania classifies as game species: deer, wild duck, brown quail and pheasant. For non-commercial purposes, muttonbirds and wallabies may also be hunted.
Victoria
Hunting of
- Duck — 26,200
- Quail — 29,000
- Deer — 32,000
Victoria allows the hunting of many
.Western Australia
In Western Australia, only feral species may be hunted on private land with the landowner's permission, subject to holding a valid firearms licence. These species include camels, donkeys, feral cattle, wood ducks, feral dogs, feral horse, hares and starling.
Aboriginal hunting
Aboriginal Australians lived on the Australian continent for thousands of years before Europeans settlement in the late 1700s. They had a wealth of animals to hunt and had very refined and sometimes ingenious ways of hunting them.[11]
Hunting techniques
- Boomerang
Boomerangs have been used as a hunting tool by Aborigines for tens of thousands of years.[citation needed] The way a hunter tends to use a boomerang is to rustle tree branches, causing the birds inside to be startled and fly into nets that the hunter had already set up between trees. Contrary to popular belief, Aboriginal hunting boomerangs are not designed to return to the thrower.
- Throwing sticks
Related to the boomerang, a throwing stick is bigger and heavier. These heftier weapons are used to hunt bigger animals such as kangaroos. They were thrown straight at their target and could even break bones on impact. This made it a lethal tool in the hands of an experienced hunter.
- Fire
Aboriginals use fire to clear vegetation from patches of land to make it easier to hunt game.
Legal framework
The National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975 (Cth) mandates Aboriginal people are not subject to general conservation restrictions so long as they engage in hunting only for food, ceremonial or religious purposes (in all cases must be non-commercial).[13] However, restrictions may be put in place to protect wildlife and must specifically state that such restrictions apply to Aboriginal people.[14] This section does not give an Aboriginal person right of entry onto land. Entry onto private land, state forests, national parks or other kinds of crown land is regulated under State or Territory Legislation and is variable.[15]
Controversy
There has been a number of controversies surrounding indigenous Australians and the Australian government regarding their hunting rights. In 1993, the Australian Government brought in legislation called the Native Title Act. This act meant that the Australian Government recognised that the Aboriginal Australians have rights to and interests to their land that come from their traditional laws and customs. One of the activities that are covered by the Native Title is the right for Aboriginal peoples to hunt otherwise endangered species for food or ceremonial purposes.[citation needed] The killing of endangered is a wide source of outrage with many[who?] calling for a rewrite of the legislation to protect the endangered species.
See also
References
- ^ "Australian Bureau of Statistics – Population Clock". Retrieved 23 May 2014.
- ^ {{https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2019/10/foi-request-1294-recreational-shooting-on-economy-health-well-being-and-social-cohesion-rm-consulting-group-economic-and-social-benefits-of-recreational-hunting-and-shooting-report_0.pdf
- ^ a b "Baxter Finch Murray and Hoy. ATTITUDES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AUSTRALIAN RECREATIONAL HUNTERS" (PDF). Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ "Feral Feast". Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ "Kangaroo Quotas and Harvest" (PDF). Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ "Fox hunting and shooting" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ "Australia's Wild Deer". Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ "State and territory hunting regulations – SSAA". Sporting Shooters' Association of Australia. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
- ^ "Managing feral deer in NSW". 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Recreational wildlife harvesting licence for macropods under the Nature Conservation Act". Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ Ross, Anne (19 March 2010). "Traditional Aboriginal Hunting in Australia: A cultural heritage issue". Cultural Survival.
- ^ Jordan, Rob (29 October 2013). "Stanford research: Aboriginal hunting increases animal populations". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975 (Cth) S70(1)
- ^ National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975 (Cth) S70(2)
- ^ "Australian Legislation on Hunting, Fishing and Gathering: An Overview".
External links
