Isaiah 42

Isaiah 42 is the forty-second

Scholars such as John Goldingay, John Barton, and John Muddiman also hold the view that the Old Testament identifies the servant of the Servant songs as the Israelites in Is. 41:8-9; Is. 44:1; Is. 44:21; Is. 45:4; Is. 48:20 and Is. 49:3.^[2][3] The latter two write that "The idea of a 'servant' played a small part in the earlier chapters, being used as a designation of the unworthy Eliakim in 22:20 and of the figure of David in 37:35, but it now comes to the fore as a description of major significance, the noun being used more than 20 times in chs. 40-55. Its first usage is obviously important in establishing the sense in which we are to understand it, and here it is clear that the community of Israel/Jacob is so described."^[2]

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 25 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).^[4]

Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BC or later):

• 1QIsa^a
  : complete
• 4QIsa^g (4Q61): extant verses 14‑25
• 4QIsa^h (4Q62): extant verses 2, 4‑11
• 4QIsaⁱ (4Q62^a): extant verses 4‑11

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^Q; 6th century).^[5]

Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.^[6] Isaiah 42 is a part of the Consolations (Isaiah 40–66). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.

{P} 42:1-4 {P} 42:5-9 {P} 42:10-13 {S} 42:14-17 {P} 42:18-25 [43:1-10 {S}]

Verse 1

"Behold! My Servant whom I uphold,

My Elect One in whom My soul delights!

I have put My Spirit upon Him;

He will bring forth justice to the Gentiles."^[7]

• Cross references:
  Matthew 12:18

The Synoptic Gospels each allude to verse 1 in their accounts of the Baptism of Jesus, when the Holy Spirit descends like a dove upon Jesus and a "voice from heaven" acclaims Him as "My Beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." (Matthew 3:17; Mark 1:11; Luke 3:22).

Verse 3

A bruised reed shall he not break, and the smoking flax shall he not quench: he shall bring forth judgment unto truth.^[8]

In

• "Smoking" or "dimly burning"^[9]
• "Quench" or "extinguish"
  43:17: 'those who oppose the LORD'S path are "quenched like a wick"'.^[12]

He shall not fail nor be discouraged, till he have set judgment in the earth: and the isles shall wait for his law.[13]

• "Be discouraged": from Hebrew: יָר֔וּץ, yā-rūts,^[14] "bruised",^[15] from the root word "crushed" (רָצַץ, ratsats), used to describe "crushed reed" (or "bruised reed") and "dim (כָּהָה, kahah) wick" (or "smoking flax") in verse 3, repeated here for rhetorical effect.^[16]
• "Isles" (KJV):from Hebrew: אִיִּ֥ים, ’î-yîm,^[14] "coastlands" (ESV; MEV; NET; NKJV); "islands" (NIV); "distant lands beyond the sea."(NLT)^[17]
• "His law" (KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV): from Hebrew: תוֹרָת֖וֹ, ṯō-w-rā-ṯōw,^[14] "his decrees" (NET), "his instruction" (NLT).^[18]

Verse 7

To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, and them that sit in darkness out of the prison house.^[19]

• "Blind eyes": both physical and spiritual (
  35:5; 42:16, 18, 19; John 9:39),^[20] here may specially be for spiritual blindness by the comment of verses 16–19^[21] (cf. Paul's calling in Acts 26:18).^[22] This is in contrast to Isaiah's own mission (Isaiah 6:10).^[22]
• "To bring out the prisoners from the prison": cf.
  1 Peter 3:19.^[22]

And great multitudes followed Him, and He healed them all. Yet He warned them not to make Him known, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Isaiah the prophet, saying:

"Behold! My Servant whom I have chosen,

My Beloved in whom My soul is well pleased!

I will put My Spirit upon Him,

And He will declare justice to the Gentiles.

He will not quarrel nor cry out,

Nor will anyone hear His voice in the streets.

A bruised reed He will not break,

And smoking flax He will not quench,

Till He sends forth justice to victory;

And in His name Gentiles will trust."[24]

Islamic interpretation

Muslim tradition holds that Isaiah 42 predicted the coming of a servant associated with

• Christian messianic prophecies
• Christianity and Judaism
• Jewish messianism
• Messianic prophecies of Jesus
• New Covenant
• Related Bible parts: Isaiah 44, Isaiah 49, Isaiah 50, Isaiah 52, Isaiah 53, Jeremiah 30, Matthew 3; Matthew 12, Mark 1, Luke 3

References

Sources

• Coggins, R (2007). "22. Isaiah". In
  ISBN 978-0199277186
  . Retrieved February 6, 2019.
• ISBN 0-8028-0788-7
  . Retrieved January 26, 2019.

• Isaiah 42: Hebrew with Parallel English

Christian

• Isaiah 42 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
• Catholic Encyclopedia: Messiah
• Israel, the Suffering Servant Archived 2016-11-04 at the Wayback Machine