New American Standard Bible
New American Standard Bible | |
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Formal equivalence | |
Reading level | 11.0 |
Version revision | 1977, 1995, 2020 |
Publisher | The Lockman Foundation |
Copyright | New American Standard Bible Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation A Corporation Not for Profit La Habra, California All Rights Reserved www.lockman.org |
Webpage | www |
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. And the earth was a formless and desolate emptiness, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters. Then God said, "Let there be light"; and there was light.[3]
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The New American Standard Bible (NASB, also simply NAS for New American Standard) is a translation of the
Translation philosophy
The New American Standard Bible is considered by some sources as the most literally translated of major 20th-century English Bible translations.[5]
The NASB is an original translation from the Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts. It is an update of the
The Hebrew text used for this translation was the 3rd edition of Rudolf Kittel's Biblia Hebraica as well as the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia was consulted for the 1995 revision. For the Greek text, Eberhard Nestle and Kurt Aland's Novum Testamentum Graece was used; the 23rd edition in the 1971 original,[9] and the 26th in the 1995 revision.[7]
Desiring to create a
YHWH
One notable area where the NASB differs from the ASV is in how to render the Tetragrammaton, YHWH. The ASV rendered it as "Jehovah". The ASV translators defended the decision by calling the avoidance of the Divine Name a "Jewish superstition".[10] Most later translations, including the NASB, have generally not agreed with it, and the NASB renders it as LORD or GOD in capital letters.[9] The committee stated the reason as:
This name has not been pronounced by the Jews because of reverence for the great sacredness of the divine name. Therefore it has been consistently translated LORD. The only exception is when it occurs in immediate proximity to the word Lord, that is, Adonai. In that case it is regularly translated GOD in order to avoid confusion. It is known that for many years YHWH has been transliterated as Yahweh, however no complete certainty attaches to this pronunciation.[11]
Revisions
The Lockman Foundation published NASB text, modifications, and revisions in the following order:
- Gospel of John (1960)
- The Gospels (1962)
- New Testament (1963)
- Psalms (1968)
- Complete Bible (Old Testament and New Testament; 1971)
- Minor text modifications (1972, 1973, 1975)
- Major text revisions (1977, 1995, 2020)
1995 revision
In 1992, the Lockman Foundation commissioned a limited revision of the NASB. In 1995, the Lockman Foundation reissued the NASB text as the NASB Updated Edition (more commonly, the Updated NASB or NASB95). Since then, it has become widely known as simply the "NASB", supplanting the 1977 text in current printings, save for a few (Thompson Chain Reference Bibles, Open Bibles, Key Word Study Bibles, et al.).
In the updated NASB, consideration was given to the latest available manuscripts with an emphasis on determining the best Greek text. Primarily, the 26th edition of Nestle-Aland's
The updated NASB represents recommended revisions and refinements, and states that it incorporates thorough research based on current
2020 revision
Starting in 2018, the Lockman Foundation posted some passages from "NASB 2020", an update of the 1995 revision.[14][non-primary source needed] Key differences from the 1995 revision include an effort to improve "gender accuracy" (for example, adding "or sisters" in italics to passages that reference "brothers", to help convey the mixed-gender meaning of a passage that might otherwise be misunderstood as only speaking of men), a shift (where applicable) from the common construct "let us" when proposing action to the more-contemporary construct "let's" (to disambiguate a sort of "imperative" encouragement rather than a seeking of permission that could otherwise be misunderstood from a given passage), and a repositioning of some "bracketed text" (that is, verses or portions of verses that are not present in earliest Biblical manuscripts, and thus printed in brackets in previous NASB editions) out from inline-and-in-brackets down instead to footnotes.[15]
Translators
The translation work was done by a group sponsored by the Lockman Foundation.[16] According to the Lockman Foundation, the committee consisted of people from Christian educational institutions of higher learning and from Evangelical Protestant, predominantly conservative, denominations (Presbyterian, Methodist, Southern Baptist, Church of Christ, Nazarene, American Baptist, Fundamentalist, Conservative Baptist, Free Methodist, Congregational, Disciples of Christ, Evangelical Free, Independent Baptist, Independent Mennonite, Assembly of God, North American Baptist, and "other religious groups").[17][18]
The Lockman Foundation's website indicates that among the translators and consultants who contributed are Biblical scholars with doctorates in Biblical languages, Christian theology, "or other advanced degrees", and come from a variety of denominational backgrounds. More than 20 individuals worked on modernizing the NASB in accord with the most recent research.[18]
See also
Notes
- ^ The New American Standard Bible can also be found abbreviated as the NAS (New American Standard).
References
- ^ "More Information about NASB 2020". The Lockman Foundation. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
For the Old Testament: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) and Biblia Hebraica Quinta (BHQ) for the books available. Also the LXX, DSS, the Targums, and other ancient versions when pertinent.
- ^ "More Information about NASB 2020". The Lockman Foundation. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
For the New Testament: NA28 supplemented by the new textual criticism system that uses all the available Gr mss. known as the ECM2.
- ^ a b Scripture quotations taken from the New American Standard Bible. www.lockman.org
- ^ "NASB Bible Info". Lockman Foundation. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
- ^ Pope, Christopher. "Comparing Bible Translations: Conclusions" (PDF). Retrieved May 21, 2013.
- ^ "The Lockman Foundation - NASB, Amplified, LBLA, and NBLH Bibles". Lockman.org. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ^ a b "NASB Translation Principles". lockman.org. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ^ Harris, R. Laird (1969). "Inspiration and Canonicity of the Bible: An Historical and Exegetical Study". Contemporary Evangelical Perspectives (2nd ed.). Grand Rapids: Zondervan. p. 58.
- ^ a b "Preface". Retrieved August 9, 2010.
- ^ "Preface to the American edition". Retrieved August 9, 2010.
- ISBN 9781581351521. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ^ "Why the NASB?". The Lockman Foundation. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
- ^ a b c "New American Standard Bible". The Lockman Foundation. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
- ^ "The Lockman Foundation (NASB, Amplified, LBLA, NBLH)". www.facebook.com. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
- ^ "More Information About NASB 2020". lockman.org. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
- ^ Metzger, Bruce (2003). The New Testament: Its Background, Growth, and Content (3rd ed.). Nashville: Abingdon Press. p. 336.
- ISBN 978-0761825562.
- ^ a b "The Lockman Foundation - NASB, Amplified Bible, LBLA, and NBLH Bibles". The Lockman Foundation.
Further reading
- Marlowe, Michael D. (October 2002). "New American Standard Bible". Retrieved March 19, 2005.
- The Lockman Foundation (1995). "Preface to the New American Standard Bible". Retrieved March 19, 2005.
- The Lockman Foundation. "New American Standard Bible". Retrieved April 13, 2006.
- The Lockman Foundation. "Translation Principles". Retrieved April 13, 2006.
- Ryken, Leland (2002). The Word of God in English. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. ISBN 1-58134-464-3