Japanese migration to Thailand
Phuket 715 | | |
Languages | ||
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Japanese · Thai | ||
Religion | ||
Buddhism · Shinto · Taoism · Chinese folk religion | ||
Related ethnic groups | ||
Japanese people · Japanese diaspora |
Japanese migration to Thailand has a long history and in recent years has grown. As of 2021, the
Migration history
16th and 17th century
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Army-of-Yamada-Nagamasa-in-Ayutthaya-Kingdom.png/220px-Army-of-Yamada-Nagamasa-in-Ayutthaya-Kingdom.png)
From the 1580s to the 1630s, a Japanese community of traders, mercenaries, and
A few of the Japanese were able to return to their homeland, but with the hardening of Japan's sakoku policy most found themselves in permanent exile. Prasat Thong tried to re-establish trade with Japan, and invited some Japanese to return to Ayutthaya. By 1637 there were perhaps 300 living there. However, Japan continued to refuse all Ayutthaya ships permission to call at port, reserving this privilege for Chinese and Dutch ships. The Japanese immigrants do not appear to have brought any women or children with them (though some scholars suspect that the Catholics among them may have brought families); in any case, most seem to have intermarried with local women, and over the generations their descendants melted into the society.[7]
Nineteenth and early-20th centuries
After the Declaration of Amity and Commerce between Japan and Siam in 1887, Japanese people slowly began coming to Siam again.
After the start of the
Year | 2015 | 2010 | 2005 | 2000 | 1995 | 1990 | 1985 | 1980 | 1975 | 1970 | 1960 | 1955 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of people | 67,424 | 47,251 | 36,327 | 21,154 | 21,745 | 14,289 | 7,852 | 6,424 | 5,952 | 3,216 | 673 | 379 |
Settlement
There is a large community of Japanese in Thailand, consisting largely of expatriate top-level managers, professionals, and their families, as well as Japanese students at
- In Phrompong.
- In Srirachaa Japanese population lives in and around the city center as the second largest Japanese community outside Bangkok.
- In Chiang Maia Japanese population lives near the city center.
- In Ayutthayaa growing number of Japanese returns and lives in and around Rojana Road close to the many Japanese companies. The city is known as the place of the first Japanese quarter in Thailand, dating back to the 16th century.
Business and employment
After the establishment of relations between Japan and Siam in 1898, the Siamese government invited 15 Japanese sericulture experts to develop the country's silk exports. They were assigned to the Isan region. Though it was a success in building up relations between Japan and Siam, leading to the establishment of Kasetsart University, it failed to increase silk production.[25] Beginning in 1909, official support from both sides for the project began to wane, and in 1913, after outbreaks of silkworm diseases, funding was cut off.[26]
In the 1980s, most Japanese in Thailand were sent there as expatriates by large Japanese corporations or government organizations. Only a small proportion were individual business people or entrepreneurs. A Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs survey in 1989 showed that of 2,392 Japanese work-permit holders in Thailand, 1,046 were managers, 444 were engineers, 292 were specialists, 184 were production inspectors, and 139 were commercial managers. In total, the Japanese government statistics showed 10,579 Japanese people staying in Thailand, of whom 9,525 were in Bangkok. They occupied the upper end of the economic spectrum, earning salaries ranging from six to twelve times higher than the average Thai corporate worker.[27]
In a more recent trend, an increasing number of Japanese expatriates in Thailand consist of young people working in Japanese
Health care
A 2001 study of 4,315 Japanese patients at Ram Hospital in
A 2005 study of Japanese patients at Bangkok Hospital (11,200 patients, about one-eighth of all non-Thai patients at the hospital that year) found that most patients were men in their 30s, 40s, and 50s. Females and patients in their 20s were notably fewer.[30] Focusing just on the patients who were actually resident in Thailand, as opposed to travellers, their health complaints showed a number of dissimilarities with local Thai patients. Again according to ICD-10 coding, "certain infectious and parasitic diseases" were uncommon among Japanese patients and common among Thai patients, while "diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue" showed the opposite.[31] Comparing Japanese expatriate patients in Thailand to patients in Japan found that "endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases" and "mental and behavioral disorders" were diagnosed less frequently among the former group, while "diseases of the respiratory system" and "certain infectious and parasitic diseases" were more frequent among the former group.[32]
Education
Japanese international schools (for Japanese children):[33]
- Min Buri District, Bangkok.
- Huai Khwang District, Bangkok.
- Chonburi.
- Chiangmai Japanese Supplement School (チェンマイ補習授業校, Chenmai Hoshū Jugyō Kō), located in Chiang Mai City.
- Phuket Japanese Supplement School (プーケット補習授業校, Pūketto Hoshū Jugyō Kō), located in Phuket City.
- Formerly the Sriracha-Pattaya Japanese Supplement School[35]
Thai-Japanese
- Suan Luang District, Bangkok
- Yanagawa Junior High School (Thai: โรงเรียนมัธยมยานากาวา; Japanese: 柳川高等学校附属タイ中学校), located in Nakhon Si Thammarat City.[36]
- Waseda Japanese Language and Culture School, located in Sathon District, Bangkok.[citation needed]
- Waseda Japanese Language and Culture School, located in Chiang Mai City[citation needed]
- Waseda International Cultural Center, located in Si Racha District, Chonburi.[citation needed]
Culture
One of the most widely read Japanese expatriate publications in Thailand is DACO magazine. It was started in 1998 by Mikio Numadate, an Aomori native and resident of Thailand since 1986. It is distributed for free, often in ramen shops along Sukhumvit Road which attract a primarily Japanese clientele. He also started a Thai-language version of DACO in 2003 to introduce Japanese culture to people in Thailand. J-Channel FM 93.75, a 24-hour Bangkok-based radio station, also broadcasts in Japanese roughly 30 percent of the time since 2004. It has many bilingual DJs of mixed Thai and Japanese ethnicity, and much of the Japanese content, especially J-pop, also finds listeners among local Thai people.[6]
A number of Japanese and Thai books and films contain portrayals of Thailand's Japanese community.
Thai culture has significant connections to Japanese culture in terms of cuisine, customs, and traditions. Thailand is also a strongly Japanophilic country as cuisine, fashion and lifestyle has been sharply influenced by Japanese immigration. The Thai populace has openly embraced Japanese products, as evidenced by the huge popularity of Japanese food, fashion, television shows, music, video games and anime. Thailand is the largest ASEAN importer of Japanese food. The number of Japanese restaurants in Thailand has risen from 1,803 in 2013 to 3,004 in 2018. Only four of Thailand's 76 provinces lack a Japanese restaurant.[41]
Notable people
- Chatri Sityodtong (Japanese mother)
- Yatsushiro, Kumamoto)
- Iwanuma, Miyagi)
- Funabashi, Chiba)
- Hironori Saruta (Originally from Ōtake, Hiroshima)
- Ehime, Japan)
- Kyoto, Japan)
- Maria Guyomar de Pinha (Japanese mother)
- Numazu, Shizuoka)
- Saitama Prefecture, Japan)
- Seiya Kojima (Originally from Nogi, Tochigi)
- Takeshi Miki (Originally from Mitaka, Tokyo)
- Numazu, Shizuoka)
- Omihachiman, Shiga)
See also
- Nihonmachi
- Japan-Thailand relations
- Japanese language education in Thailand
References
- ^ "令和4年(2022年)版(令和3年10月1日現在)" (in Japanese). Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ "海外在留邦人数調査統計" [Annual Report of Statistics on Japanese Nationals Overseas] (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (in Japanese). 2022.
- ^ "タイ基礎データ". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (in Japanese).
- ^ 令和4年(2022年)版(令和3年10月1日現在) (in Japanese). Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ "(海外在留邦人数調査統計". Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ a b "Through Japanese eyes: Publisher sees good and bad in Thai life". Bangkok Post. 2011-03-19. Archived from the original on 2013-01-17. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b Polenghi 2009
- ^ a b "タイ王国の概要 在タイ日本人数". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.
- ^ "Japanese in Siam", The Straits Times, 1894-04-03, retrieved 2011-06-15
- ^ Swan 1986, p. 13
- ^ "The Japanese in Siam", The Straits Times, 1902-05-08, retrieved 2011-06-20
- ^ BTP 1914, p. 15
- ^ BTP 1914, p. 200
- ^ "The Japanese in Siam", The Straits Times, 1902-11-03, retrieved 2011-06-20
- ^ Swan 1986, p. 15
- ^ Swan 1986, p. 51
- ^ Kawashima 2011
- ^ Swan 1986, p. 57
- ^ "Japanese quit Singapore for Siam by train", Chicago Tribune, 1941-08-12, retrieved 2011-06-15
- ^ Sparrow 1968, p. 73
- ^ Would Speed Japs Return, 1946-09-20, retrieved 2011-06-20
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ignored (help) - ^ "Japanese nationals living in Thailand (2001-2015)". 2016.
- ^ "Japanese nationals living abroad (1955-2009)". 2010.
- ^ "Troubled Japanese find Thai haven", Bangkok Post, 2011-04-19, retrieved 2011-06-20
- ^ Yoshikawa 1980, p. 361
- ^ Yoshikawa 1980, p. 383
- ^ Shibayama 1993, p. 213
- ^ Tanikawa, Miki (2010-07-22), "Many in Japan Are Outsourcing Themselves", The New York Times, retrieved 2011-06-18
- ^ Uchikoshi et al. 2003, p. 432
- ^ Sakai 2008, p. 104
- ^ Sakai 2008, p. 106
- ^ Sakai 2008, p. 109
- ^ "Home Archived 2015-01-14 at the Wayback Machine." Thai-Japanese Association School Sriracha. Retrieved on February 13, 2015.
- ^ アジアの補習授業校一覧(平成25年4月15日現在) (in Japanese). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Archived from the original on March 30, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
- MEXT. January 2, 2003. Archived from the original on January 2, 2003. Retrieved January 12, 2018.]・PATTAYA JAPANESE SUPPLEMENT SCHOOL 53 SRIRACHA NAKHON SOI I, SUKHUMNT ROAD CHONBURI
シラチヤ・パタヤ SRIRAOHA [sic
- ^ Home. Yanagawa Junior High School.
- ^ Elley, Derek (1996-09-22), "Sunset at Chaopraya", Variety, retrieved 2011-06-20
- ^ 中山美穂主演作『サヨナライツカ』は"大人の純愛映画の定番"になるか?, Livedoor News (in Japanese), 2010-01-22, retrieved 2011-06-15
- Twitch Film, archived from the originalon 2011-06-08, retrieved 2011-06-20
- ^ Chumpol 2003
- ^ Jitpleecheep, Pitsinee (2019-01-28). "Japanese cuisine still on a roll". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
Bibliography
- Chumpol, Prateep (2003), The memoir of Keiko Karayuki-san in Siam, translated by Chiradei Diskaprakai, Numfon Publishing, OCLC 181382979
- 川島真 [Kawashima Makoto] (2011), 台湾人は「日本人」か?—十九世紀末在シャム華人の日本公使館登録・国籍取得問題 [Were Taiwanese people "Japanese"? Problems of registration and nationality acquisition among overseas Chinese in Siam in the late 19th century], in ISBN 978-4-87698-550-0
- Polenghi, Cesare (2009), Samurai of Ayutthaya: Yamada Nagamasa, Japanese Warrior and Merchant in Early 17th Century Siam, Lotus Press, ISBN 978-974-480-147-0
- Sakai, Rie (2008), "Pattern of Outpatient Visits by Japanese Male Expatriates in Thailand", Journal of Occupational Health, 50 (2): 103–113, PMID 18403860
- 柴山真琴 [Shibayama, Makoto] (1993), 1990 年前後のバンコク日本人学校通学児の社会化環境 : 海外子女教育理念との乖離の解消策はあるか [Socialization Environments for Japanese School Children Temporarily Residing in Bangkok in 1990: Are There Any Solutions to Fill a Gap between the Ideal of Overseas Education and Thai Realities?], Bulletin of Faculty of Education, University of Tokyo 東京大学教育学部紀要 (in Japanese), 33 (1): 211–220, archived from the original on 2016-03-04, retrieved 2011-06-20
- Sparrow, Gerald (1968), The great defenders, London: Long, OCLC 467663
- Swan, William L. (1986), Japanese economic activity in Siam: from the 1890s until the outbreak of the Pacific War, Centre for South East Asian Studies, OCLC 23595541
- Uchikoshi, Akira; Hamada, Atsuo; Iizuka, Takashi; Okuzawa, Hidekazu; Unachuk, Varphan; Thomas, Jacob; Basugi, Norihiko (2003), 発展途上国に滞在する日本人成人の受療疾患に関する検討 [Disease trends among Japanese expatriates living in Southeast Asia] (PDF), Japanese Journal of Occupational Medicine and Traumatology (in Japanese), 51 (6): 432–436, ISSN 1345-2592
- 吉川利治 [Yoshikawa Toshiharu] (1980), 「暹羅国蚕業顧問技師」 : 明治期の東南アジア技術援助 (PDF), 東南アジア研 [Southeast Asian Studies] (in Japanese), 18 (3): 361–386
- Bangkok and Siam, directory, Straits Settlements and Siam: Bangkok Times Press, 1914
- タイ王国, 各国・地域情勢 (in Japanese), Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan, 2010, retrieved 2011-06-18
Further reading
In English
- Fukahori, Hiroki; Baba, Yuji; Hioki, Fumika; Monkong, Supreeda; Intarasombat, Prakong; Malathum, Porntip (2010), "Healthcare services for Japanese elderly long-staying in Thailand from the perspective of the patient and healthcare providers: A survey study", Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 53 (2): e168–73, PMID 20850190
- Flood, Edward Thadeus (1968), Japan's relations with Thailand: 1928–41, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, OCLC 19761633
- Meekanon, Keatkhamjorn (2002), The impact of national culture in MNC's home country on the strategy-making process in their overseas subsidiaries: a comparison between Dutch and Japanese companies in Thailand, Ph.D. dissertation, Wageningen University
- Ono, Mayumi (2005), Young Japanese settlers in Thailand: The pursuit of comfort and alternative lifestyle, Working Paper #4, The Institute of Contemporary Japanese Studies, Waseda University
In Japanese
- 赤木攻 [Akagi Osamu] (1992), タイの永住日本人 [Japanese Permanent Residents of Thailand], めこん [Mekon], OCLC 28326012
- 小林英夫 [Kobayashi Hideo] (1997), タイにおける日本人社会経済団体の活動 [Activities of Japanese social and economic organisations in Thailand], in 波形昭一 (ed.), 近代アジアの日本人経済団体 [Japanese economic organisations in contemporary Asia] (in Japanese), 同文舘 [Tōbunkan], pp. 257–278, ISBN 978-4-495-86321-0
- 松本逸也 [Matsumoto Itsuya] (1992), シャムの日本人写真師 [A Japanese Photographer in Siam], めこん [Mekon], ISBN 978-4-8396-0072-3
- An online review and summary is available as: 『シャムの日本人写真師』小田俊明のアジア通読本, Relive Journal (in Japanese), retrieved 2011-06-20
- 中村孝志 [Nakamura Takashi] (November 1978), シャムにおける日本人蚕業顧問について―明治期南方関与の一事例, Tenri Bulletin of South Asian Studies 天理南方文化研究会 (in Japanese), 5: 1–59
- Corrections and additions were issued as 中村孝志 (November 1979), 「シャムにおける日本人蚕業顧問」補遺, Tenri Bulletin of South Asian Studies 天理南方文化研究会 (in Japanese), 6 (6): 177–179
External links
- DACO
- Bangkok Keizai Shinbun (Bangkok Economic News)
- Bangkok Shūhō (Bangkok Weekly Report)
- J-Channel FM 93.75 Archived 2021-01-25 at the Wayback Machine
- Japanese Association of Thailand
- Japanese Chamber of Commerce, Bangkok