Chong language

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Samre language" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Somray language.
Chong
Samre
ภาษาชอง
Native to
Chantaburi
Ethnicity2,000 Chong (2007)[1]
Native speakers
500 (2007)[1]
Dialects
Thai, Khmer,
Chong (invented in 2010)[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3cog
Glottologchon1284  Western
cent2314  Central
ELP

Chong (Thai: ภาษาชอง, also spelled Chawng, Shong, Xong) is an

language revitalization project in Thailand.[4]

The Chong language is marked by its unusual four-way contrast in

Tai–Kadai language family. Chong had no written form until 2000, when researchers at Mahidol University used a simplified version of standard Thai characters to create a Chong writing system, after which the first teaching materials in the language appeared.[5] Chong is currently considered to be at stage 7 in Joshua Fishman's Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS), where stage 8 is the closest to extinction.[4]

Chong is actually two languages, Western Chong, and Central Chong or Samre. The Western Chong community in Thailand is primarily located in and around Chanthaburi.[5]

Central Chong includes the Kasong dialect of Trat. (See that article for details.)

While the language spoken in Thailand has been studied recently, the Chong language in Cambodia has not been investigated yet. David Bradley (2007) reports no remaining speakers.[1]

Classification

Main article: Pearic languages

A number of

Kanchanaburi Province and in Cambodia are dialects of Sa'och, and were classified as "Southern Chong" along with Suoi
.

  • Western Chong dialects (Chong proper)[7]
    • Chong of
      Chantaburi
      (Baradat ms.)
      • Chong həəp (Martin 1974)
      • Khlong Phlu Chong (Siripen Ungsitibonporn 2001)
      • Chong lɔɔ (Martin 1974)
      • Wang Kraphrae Chong (Siripen Ungsitibonporn 2001)
      • Chong (Huffman 1983)

Isara Choosri (2002) lists the following dialects of Chong spoken in

Chanthaburi Province.[6]

  • Takhian Thong ตะเคียนทอง (Northern Chong): in Ban Khlong Phlu คลองพลู (northernmost location); Ban Nam Khun, Ban Takhian Thong ตะเคียนทอง, Ban Cham Khloh. This is the northernmost dialect; in the past, Chong speakers used to settle as far north as Ban Chankhlem จันทเขลม. A few thousand speakers. Formerly grouped as part of the western dialect also known as Chong lɔɔ.
  • Phluang พลวง (Southern Chong): in Ban Krathing, Ban Thung Saphan, Ban Thung Ta-In, Ban Phang Kalaeng. Hundreds of speakers. Formerly grouped as part of the western dialect also known as Chong lɔɔ.
  • Pong Nam Ron โป่งน้ำร้อน (Eastern Chong): in Ban Wang Kraphrae. A few dozen speakers left. Eastern dialect also known as Chong həəp.

The Central Chong dialects are,

  • Samre of
    Pursat
  • Samre (Pornsawan Ploykaew 2001)
  • Chong (Baradat ms.)
  • Kasong
     (Noppawan Thongkham 2003), historically called Chong of Trat (Pannetier ms., Isarangura 1935)

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes of Chong[8]
  Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop
 p  pʰ  b t  tʰ  d c  cʰ k  kʰ ʔ
Fricative
 (f) s h
Trill r
Lateral l
Approximant
 w j

Vowels

Vowel phonemes of Chong[8]
Front Central Back
Close
 i, iː ɨ, ɨː u, uː
Close-Mid
 e, eː ə, əː o, oː
Open-mid ɛ, ɛː ɔ, ɔː
Open
 a, aː

References

  1. ^ a b c Chong at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018) Closed access icon
  2. ^ แบบเรียนภาษาชอง = Chong language
  3. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). "Chong of Chanthaburi". Glottolog 4.3.
  4. ^ a b Premsrirat, Suwilai. "Chong Language Revitalization Project" (PDF). Mekong Watch. Mahidol University. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  5. ^ a b Lim Li Min (October 23, 2006). "Saving Thailand's Other Languages". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2006-10-24.
  6. ^ a b Choosri, Isara. 2002. Mapping dialects of Chong in Chanthaburi province, Thailand: an application of Geographical Information System (GIS). M.A. dissertation, Mahidol University.
  7. ^ Sidwell, Paul (2009). Classifying the Austroasiatic languages: history and state of the art. LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics, 76. Munich: Lincom Europa.
  8. ^ a b Premsrirat, Suwilai; Rojanakul, Nattamon (2015). Chong. Paul Sidwell and Mathias Jenny (eds.), The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages: Leiden: Brill. pp. 603–642.

Further reading

  • Isarangura, N. N. (1935). Vocubulary of Chawng words collected in Krat Province. [S.l: s.n.].
  • DiCanio, C.T. (2009) The Phonetics of Register in Takhian Thong Chong, Journal of the International. Phonetic Association, 39(2): 162–188
  • Huffman, Franklin E. (1985). "The phonology of Chong, a Mon-Khmer language of Thailand". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • Premsrirat, Suwilai; Rojanakul, Nattamon (2015). Chong. In Paul Sidwell and Mathias Jenny (eds.), The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages, 603-642. Leiden: Brill.
  • Suphanphaiboon, Surekha (1982). The Phonology of Chong (Takianthong, Makham District Chantaburi) (Thesis).
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