Jelep La
Jelep La | |
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Himalaya | |
Coordinates | 27°22′02″N 88°51′57″E / 27.367194°N 88.865747°E |
Jelep La | |
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Hanyu Pinyin | zélǐlā shānkǒu |
Jelep La
Name
According to the Bengal District Gazetteer, Jelep-la, a Tibetan name, means "The lovely level pass, so called because it is the easiest and most level of all the passes between Tibet and Sikkim."[7]
According to scholar Alex Mckay, the Tibetan name is actually Wylie: rdzi-li-la,[6] which would mean a "shepherd's bronze pass".[8]
Geography
On the Indian side there are two routes to Jelep La, one through Gangtok and the other through Kalimpong.
The Kalimpong route boosted the local economies due to the trading of wool and furs during the 20th century. It passes through the towns of Rongli, Rhenock, Pedong, Algarah, in Sikkim and northern West Bengal.
The route from Gangtok passes through the towns of Sherathang, nearby
.The route is scenic with forests of rhododendrons blooming in spring. Numerous hamlets are scattered in the surrounding area. On the Tibetan side the pass leads to the Chumbi Valley of the Tibetan Plateau.
History
17th century
In the 17th century, Jelep La might have been under the control of an eastern Sikkimese Lepcha kingdom based at
After this event, a major war erupted between Tibet and Bhutan, but Bhutan managed to repulse its much larger foe. The end result of the war is not entirely clear, but the Kalimpong area came under the control of Bhutan, and the present day East Sikkim, between Rhenock and Jelep La, might have come under the control of Tibet.
At the time of the Sino-Nepalese War, Sikkim lost much of its territory west of Teesta River to Nepal. Tibet apparently granted to Sikkim the present day East Sikkim region through unknown terms. By the time the British came on the scene, the area up to the Cho La–Jelep La range was under the control of Sikkim, and the Chumbi Valley beyond it was considered Tibet proper.
British Raj period
After the annexation of
With the growing Russian influence in Tibet, a British expedition was sent via Jelep La to Lhasa in 1904 led by Colonel Francis Younghusband. This expedition was met by hostile Tibetan forces which were defeated by the British. A trade agreement was then forced on the Tibetans in the absence of the 13th Dalai Lama, who had fled to Mongolia.[citation needed]
In 1910, to escape a Chinese invasion, the 13th Dalai Lama "accompanied by six ministers and a small escort" which included his close aide, diplomat and military figure
Modern period
After India's independence in 1947, Sikkim, which was then a monarchy, agreed to a special protectorate status and gave India the status of a suzerain nation and its defence and foreign affairs were managed by India. After the Chinese invasion of
Sikkim became a part of India in early 1975 following a referendum. With the recent thawing in relations between India and China, plans are afoot to reopen the Jelep La[15] (following the July 6, 2006 reopening of the Nathu La).[16]
See also
Notes
- Notes
References
- Citations
- ^ a b Brown, Tours in Sikhim (1934), p. 142.
- ^ Smith, Aline and Sub-Alpine Vegetation (1913).
- ^ Shakabpa, Tibet: A Political History (1984), p. 210.
- ^ Edgar, Report on a Visit to Sikhim (1874), p. 5.
- ^ Temple, The Lake Region of Sikkim (1881).
- ^ a b
McKay, Alex (2013), Pilgrimage in Tibet, Taylor & Francis, p. 75, ISBN 978-1-136-80716-9
- ISBN 978-81-7268-018-3.
- ^ THL Tibetan to English Translation Tool: rdzi li la, The Tibetan & Himalayan Library, retrieved 1 August 2021.
- ^ Mullard, Opening the Hidden Land (2011), pp. 148–149.
- ^ Paget, William Henry (1907). Frontier and overseas expeditions from India. Indian Army Intelligence Branch. p. 42.
- ^ The Thirteenth Dalai Lama, Thupten Gyatso Archived 2012-09-20 at the Wayback Machine, dalailama.com
- ^ Chapman, F. Spencer (1940), Lhasa – The Holy City, London: Readers Union Ltd. – via archive.org
- ^ "Business News Today: Read Latest Business news, India Business News Live, Share Market & Economy News".
- ^ "Will India and China fight a war again?". 26 September 2012.
- ^ "Documents signed between India and China during Prime Minister Vajpayee's visit to China". www.mea.gov.in (Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India). 23 June 2003. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ "Nathula reopens for trade after 44 years". Zee News. 6 July 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 6 July 2006.
Bibliography
- Edgar, John Ware (1874), Report on a visit to Sikhim and the Thibetan frontier in October, November, and December, 1873, Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press – via archive.org
- Harris, Tina (2013). Geographical Diversions: Tibetan Trade, Global Transactions. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-4573-4.
- Brown, Percy (1934), Townsend, Joan (ed.), Tours in Sikhim and the Darjeeling District (Revised ed.), Calcutta: W. Newman & Co – via archive.org
- Mullard, Saul (2011), Opening the Hidden Land: State Formation and the Construction of Sikkimese History, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-20895-7
- Shakabpa, Tsepon Wangchuk Deden (1984) [first published Yale University Press 1967], Tibet: A Political History, New York: Potala Publications, ISBN 0-9611474-0-7
- Smith, W. W. (1913). Records of the Botanical Survey of India. Vol 6. No 7. The Alpine and Sub-Alpine Vegetation of South-East Sikkim. Superintendent Government Printing, India – via archive.org.
- JSTOR 1800507
Further reading
- Sherpa, Diki (May 2017), Sino-Indian Border Trade: The Promise of Jelep La (PDF), Delhi: Institute of Chinese Studies
- Sarkar, Debasis (11 May 2012). "After Sino-Indian trade route through Nathula, now Jelep-La is in the line". The Economic Times. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
External links
- Indian Road from Kalimpong to Kupup (close to Jelep La), OpenStreetMap, retrieved 5 July 2021.
- China's Azul Road from Jelep La to the Chumbi Valley, OpenStreetMap, retrieved 5 July 2021.