La Frontera Formation
Appearance
La Frontera Formation | |
---|---|
Ma | |
Type | Geological formation |
Unit of | Villeta Group |
Underlies | Conejo Formation |
Overlies | Simijaca Fm., La Corona Gb. |
Thickness | up to 206 metres (680 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Lydite |
Other | Limestone |
Location | |
Coordinates | 4°54′40″N 74°27′50″W / 4.91111°N 74.46389°W |
Region | Altiplano Cundiboyacense Eastern Ranges, Andes |
Country | ![]() |
Type section | |
Named for | La Frontera quarry |
Named by | Cáceres & Etayo |
Location | Albán |
Year defined | 1969 |
Coordinates | 4°54′40″N 74°27′50″W / 4.91111°N 74.46389°W |
Region | Cundinamarca, Boyacá |
Country | ![]() |
![]() Paleogeography of Northern South America 90 Ma, by Ron Blakey |
The La Frontera Formation (
geological formation, part of the Villeta Group, of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense and neighbouring areas of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The sequence of limestones and lydites dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian
epoch and has a maximum thickness of 206 metres (676 ft).
Fossils of ammonites has been found in the La Frontera Formation.
Etymology
The formation was first described by Hubach in 1931 and elevated to formation in 1969 by Cáceres and Etayo.[1] The formation is named after the quarry La Frontera near Albán, Cundinamarca.[2]
Description
Lithologies
The La Frontera Formation is characterised by a lower part consisting of limestones and an upper part comprising lydites.[1]
Stratigraphy and depositional environment
The La Frontera Formation overlies the
ammonites;[6] Wrightoceras munieri, Vascoceras cf. constrictum, Vascoceras cf. venezolanum, Kamerunoceras sp., Kamerunoceras cf. turoniense, Hoplitoides cf. lagiraldae, Codazziceras ospinae, Coilopoceras cf. newelli,[7] Hoplitoides wohltmanni, Neoptychites crassus, Hoplitoides ingens, Mammites sp., ?Fagesia sp., and Prionocycloceras sp.[8] Also the bivalves Anomia colombiana and Inoceramus sp. have been found in the La Frontera Formation.[2]
Yaguarasaurus
Fossils of
Outcrops
Type locality of the La Frontera Formation to the west of the Bogotá savanna
The La Frontera Formation is apart from its type locality, found at surface in the north of the Bogotá savanna, in the Tabio anticlinal, along the road Ubaté-Carmen de Carupa,[1] north and east of Chiquinquirá,[14] south of Cachipay,[15] to a thin band east of Viotá.[16]
Regional correlations
See also
- Geology of the Eastern Hills
Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense
References
- ^ a b c d Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.24
- ^ a b Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.41
- ^ Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.26
- ^ García González et al., 2009, p.218
- ^ Villamil, 2012, p.164
- ^ Villamil, 2012, p.181
- ^ Patarroyo, 2016, p.41
- ^ Blanco et al., 2004, p.26
- ^ 'Yaguarasaurus columbianus' in the Paleobiology Database
- ^ Yaguarasaurus columbianus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Páramo Fonseca, 2000, p.124
- ^ Plancha 344, 1999
- ^ Plancha 345, 1999
- ^ Plancha 190, 2009
- ^ Plancha 227, 1998
- ^ Plancha 246, 1998
Bibliography
- Acosta Garay, Jorge; Ulloa Melo, Carlos E. (2001), Geología de la Plancha 208 Villeta - 1:100,000 (PDF),
- Blanco, Johana Paola; Medina, Paula Andrea; Patarroyo, Pedro (2004), "La Formación La Frontera, Sección Vereda Tóriba: Una propuesta para la designación del Lectoestratotipo" (PDF), Geología Colombiana, 29: 23–40, retrieved 2017-04-04 Archived 2017-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
- García González, Mario; Mier Umaña, Ricardo; Cruz Guevara, Luis Enrique; Vásquez, Mauricio (2009), Informe Ejecutivo - evaluación del potencial hidrocarburífero de las cuencas colombianas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, pp. 1–219
- Montoya Arenas, Diana María; Reyes Torres, Germán Alfonso (2005), Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–104
- , retrieved 2018-05-30
- Patarroyo, Pedro (2016), "Amonoideos y otros macrofósiles del lectoestratotipo de la Formación la Frontera, Turoniano inferior - medio (Cretácico Superior) en San Francisco, Cundinamarca (Colombia)" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 38: 41–54, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Villamil, Tomas (2012), Chronology Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), pp. 161–216
Maps La Frontera Fm. proper
- Ulloa, Carlos E; Rodríguez, Erasmo (2009), Plancha 170 - Vélez - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Fuquen M., Jaime A; Osorno M, José F. (2009), Plancha 190 - Chiquinquirá - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Ulloa, Carlos; Acosta, Jorge (1998), Plancha 208 - Villeta - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Montoya, Diana María; Reyes, Germán (2009), Plancha 209 - Zipaquirá - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Ulloa, Carlos E; Rodríguez, Erasmo; Acosta, Jorge E. (1998), Plancha 227 - La Mesa - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Acosta, Jorge E.; Ulloa, Carlos E. (1998), Plancha 246 - Fusagasugá - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
Maps Yaguarasaurus locations
- Marquínez, Germán; Morales, C.; Núñez, Alberto (1999), Plancha 344 - Tesalia - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Velandia, F.; Morales, C.J.; Caicedo, J.C.; Núñez, Alberto (1999), Plancha 345 - Campoalegre - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
External links
- Gómez, J.; Montes, N.E.; Nivia, Á.; Diederix, H. (2015), Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, p. 1, retrieved 2017-04-04