Arcabuco Formation
Arcabuco Formation | |
---|---|
Ma | |
Type | Geological formation |
Underlies | Rosablanca Fm., Cumbre Fm. |
Overlies | Girón Formation |
Thickness | 500–800 m (1,600–2,600 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Sandstone |
Other | Shale |
Location | |
Coordinates | 5°38′11″N 73°30′41″W / 5.63639°N 73.51139°W |
Region | Altiplano Cundiboyacense Eastern Ranges, Andes |
Country | Colombia |
Type section | |
Named for | Arcabuco |
Named by | Scheibe |
Location | Arcabuco (original) Villa de Leyva (redefined) |
Year defined | 1938, 1985 |
Coordinates | 5°38′11″N 73°30′41″W / 5.63639°N 73.51139°W |
Region | Boyacá |
Country | Colombia |
Paleogeography of Northern South America 150 Ma, by Ron Blakey |
The Arcabuco Formation (
Etymology
The formation was first defined by Scheibe in 1938 and named after Arcabuco, Boyacá.[1] The type section of the Arcabuco Formation was redefined in 1985 by Galvis and Rubiano around Villa de Leyva.[2]
Description
Lithologies
The Arcabuco Formation is characterised by a sequence of light- to pink-coloured fine quartzitic sandstones and conglomerates with red shales up to 50 metres (160 ft) in thickness intercalated.[1][3] In the Arcabuco Formation, in the Iguaque Anticlinal, dinosaur tracks have been found.[4] The overhanging rock shelter of Sáchica in Sáchica, Boyacá, consists of the sandstones of the Arcabuco Formation.
Stratigraphy and depositional environment
The 500 to 800 metres (1,600 to 2,600 ft) thick Arcabuco Formation unconformably overlies the
Outcrops
The Arcabuco Formation is found apart from its original type locality near Arcabuco, in the anticlinal of Lake Iguaque between Villa de Leyva, Sáchica and Chíquiza, where the formation has been redefined in the Arcabuco Anticlinal.[4][8]
Regional correlations
Ma |
Age | Paleomap | Regional events | Catatumbo | Cordillera | proximal Llanos | distal Llanos | Putumayo | VSM | Environments | Maximum thickness | Petroleum geology | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.01 | Holocene | Holocene volcanism Seismic activity |
alluvium | Overburden | |||||||||
1 | Pleistocene | Pleistocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 Glaciations |
Guayabo | Soatá Sabana |
Necesidad | Guayabo | Gigante |
fluvial (Guayabo) |
550 m (1,800 ft) (Guayabo) |
[9][10][11][12] | |||
2.6 | Pliocene | Pliocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 GABI |
Subachoque | ||||||||||
5.3 | Messinian | Andean orogeny 3 Foreland |
Marichuela | Caimán | Honda | [11][13] | |||||||
13.5 | Langhian | Regional flooding | León | hiatus | Caja | León | Lacustrine (León) |
400 m (1,300 ft) (León) |
Seal |
[12][14] | |||
16.2 | Burdigalian | Miocene inundations Andean orogeny 2 |
C1 | Carbonera C1 | Ospina | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C1) | 850 m (2,790 ft) (Carbonera) |
Reservoir | [13][12] | ||||
17.3 | C2 | Carbonera C2 | Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2) | Seal |
|||||||||
19 | C3 | Carbonera C3 | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3) | Reservoir | |||||||||
21 | Early Miocene | Pebas wetlands | C4 | Carbonera C4 | Barzalosa | Distal fluvio-deltaic (C4) | Seal |
||||||
23 | Late Oligocene |
Foredeep |
C5 | Carbonera C5 | Orito | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C5) | Reservoir | [10][13] | |||||
25 | C6 | Carbonera C6 | Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6) | Seal |
|||||||||
28 | Early Oligocene |
C7 | C7 | Pepino | Gualanday | Proximal deltaic-marine (C7) | Reservoir | [10][13][15] | |||||
32 | Oligo-Eocene | C8 | Usme | C8 | onlap | Marine-deltaic (C8) | Seal Source |
[15] | |||||
35 | Late Eocene |
Mirador | Mirador | Coastal (Mirador) | 240 m (790 ft) (Mirador) |
Reservoir | [12][16] | ||||||
40 | Middle Eocene |
Regadera | hiatus | ||||||||||
45 | |||||||||||||
50 | Early Eocene |
Socha | Los Cuervos | Deltaic (Los Cuervos) | 260 m (850 ft) (Los Cuervos) |
Seal Source |
[12][16] | ||||||
55 | Late Paleocene |
PETM 2000 ppm CO2 |
Los Cuervos | Bogotá | Gualanday | ||||||||
60 | Early Paleocene |
SALMA | Barco | Guaduas | Barco | Rumiyaco | Fluvial (Barco) | 225 m (738 ft) (Barco) |
Reservoir | [9][10][13][12][17] | |||
65 | Maastrichtian | KT extinction |
Catatumbo | Guadalupe | Monserrate | Deltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe) | 750 m (2,460 ft) (Guadalupe) |
Reservoir | [9][12] | ||||
72 | Campanian | End of rifting |
Colón-Mito Juan | [12][18] | |||||||||
83 | Santonian | Villeta/Güagüaquí | |||||||||||
86 | Coniacian | ||||||||||||
89 | Turonian | Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event |
La Luna | Chipaque | Gachetá |
hiatus | Restricted marine (all) | 500 m (1,600 ft) (Gachetá) |
Source | [9][12][19] | |||
93 | Cenomanian | Rift 2 |
|||||||||||
100 | Albian | Une | Une | Caballos | Deltaic (Une) | 500 m (1,600 ft) (Une) |
Reservoir | [13][19] | |||||
113 | Aptian | Capacho | Fómeque | Motema | Yaví | Open marine (Fómeque) | 800 m (2,600 ft) (Fómeque) |
Source (Fóm) | [10][12][20] | ||||
125 | Barremian | High biodiversity | Aguardiente | Paja | Shallow to open marine (Paja) | 940 m (3,080 ft) (Paja) |
Reservoir | [9] | |||||
129 | Hauterivian | Rift 1 |
Tibú- Mercedes |
Las Juntas | hiatus | Deltaic (Las Juntas) | 910 m (2,990 ft) (Las Juntas) |
Reservoir (LJun) | [9] | ||||
133 | Valanginian | Río Negro | Cáqueza Macanal Rosablanca |
Restricted marine (Macanal) | 2,935 m (9,629 ft) (Macanal) |
Source (Mac) | [10][21] | ||||||
140 | Berriasian | Girón | |||||||||||
145 | Tithonian | Break-up of Pangea |
Jordán | Arcabuco | Buenavista |
Saldaña | fluvial (Buenavista) |
110 m (360 ft) (Buenavista) |
"Jurassic" | [13][22] | |||
150 | Early-Mid Jurassic | Passive margin 2 | La Quinta | Noreán |
hiatus | Coastal tuff (La Quinta) | 100 m (330 ft) (La Quinta) |
[23] | |||||
201 | Late Triassic | Mucuchachi | Payandé | [13] | |||||||||
235 | Early Triassic | Pangea |
hiatus | "Paleozoic" | |||||||||
250 | Permian | ||||||||||||
300 | Late Carboniferous | Famatinian orogeny | Cerro Neiva () |
[24] | |||||||||
340 | Early Carboniferous | Fossil fish Romer's gap |
Cuche (355-385) |
Farallones () |
Deltaic, estuarine (Cuche) | 900 m (3,000 ft) (Cuche) |
|||||||
360 | Late Devonian |
Passive margin 1 | Río Cachirí (360-419) |
Ambicá () |
fluvial-reef (Farallones) |
2,400 m (7,900 ft) (Farallones) |
[21][25][26][27][28] | ||||||
390 | Early Devonian | High biodiversity | Floresta (387-400) |
Shallow marine (Floresta) | 600 m (2,000 ft) (Floresta) |
||||||||
410 | Late Silurian |
Silurian mystery | |||||||||||
425 | Early Silurian | hiatus | |||||||||||
440 | Late Ordovician | Rich fauna in Bolivia | San Pedro (450-490) |
Duda () |
|||||||||
470 | Early Ordovician | First fossils | Busbanzá (>470±22) |
Guape () |
Río Nevado () |
[29][30][31] | |||||||
488 | Late Cambrian | Regional intrusions | Chicamocha (490-515) |
Quetame () |
Ariarí () |
SJ del Guaviare (490-590) |
San Isidro () |
[32][33] | |||||
515 | Early Cambrian | Cambrian explosion | [31][34] | ||||||||||
542 | Ediacaran | Break-up of Rodinia | pre-Quetame | post-Parguaza | El Barro () |
Yellow: allochthonous basement (Chibcha Terrane) Green: autochthonous basement (Río Negro-Juruena Province) |
Basement | [35][36] | |||||
600 | Neoproterozoic | Cariri Velhos orogeny | Bucaramanga (600-1400) |
pre-Guaviare | [32] | ||||||||
800 | Snowball Earth | [37] | |||||||||||
1000 | Mesoproterozoic | Sunsás orogeny | Ariarí (1000) |
La Urraca (1030-1100) |
[38][39][40][41] | ||||||||
1300 | Rondônia-Juruá orogeny | pre-Ariarí | Parguaza (1300-1400) |
Garzón (1180-1550) |
[42] | ||||||||
1400 | pre-Bucaramanga | [43] | |||||||||||
1600 | Paleoproterozoic | Maimachi (1500-1700) |
pre-Garzón | [44] | |||||||||
1800 | Tapajós orogeny | Mitú (1800) |
[42][44] | ||||||||||
1950 | Transamazonic orogeny | pre-Mitú | [42] | ||||||||||
2200 | Columbia | ||||||||||||
2530 | Archean | Carajas-Imataca orogeny | [42] | ||||||||||
3100 | Kenorland | ||||||||||||
Sources |
- Legend
- group
- important formation
- fossiliferous formation
- minor formation
- (age in Ma)
- proximal Llanos (Medina)[note 1]
- distal Llanos (Saltarin 1A well)[note 2]
See also
- List of stratigraphic units with dinosaur tracks
- Geology of the Eastern Hills
- Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
- Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Notes
References
- ^ a b c Galvis & Valencia, 2009, p.17
- ^ Galvis & Valencia, 2009, p.15
- ^ Rodríguez & Solano, 2000, p.28
- ^ a b Moreno Sánchez et al., 2011
- ^ Rodríguez & Solano, 2000, p.29
- ^ Villamil, 2012, p.168
- ^ Villamil, 2012, p.163
- ^ Plancha 191, 1998
- ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.27
- ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.50
- ^ a b García González et al., 2009, p.85
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Barrero et al., 2007, p.60
- ^ a b c d e f g h Barrero et al., 2007, p.58
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.29
- ^ a b Plancha 177, 2015, p.39
- ^ a b Plancha 111, 2001, p.26
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.24
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.23
- ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.32
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.30
- ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.21-26
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.28
- ^ Correa Martínez et al., 2019, p.49
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.27
- ^ Terraza et al., 2008, p.22
- ^ Plancha 229, 2015, pp.46-55
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.26
- ^ Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53
- ^ Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43
- ^ Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
- ^ a b Plancha 303, 2002, p.24
- ^ a b Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
- ^ Arango Mejía et al., 2012, p.25
- ^ Plancha 350, 2011, p.49
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.17-21
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.13
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.23
- ^ Plancha 348, 2015, p.38
- ^ Planchas 367-414, 2003, p.35
- ^ Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.21
- ^ a b c d Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19
- ^ Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
- ^ a b Bonilla et al., 2016, p.22
- ^ a b Duarte et al., 2019
- ^ García González et al., 2009
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001
- ^ García González et al., 2009, p.60
Bibliography
- Galvis Arenas, Beatriz Elena, and José Leonardo Valencia Escobar. 2009. Contribución en la determinación de los posibles paleoambientes de las rocas Cretáceas Tempranas sobre la vía Tunja-Villa de Leyva (entre Alto del Arrayán - Peaje Sáchica) y sectores aledaños, departamento de Boyacá, 1–127. Universidad de Caldas.
- Moreno Sánchez, Mario; Arley de Jesús Gómez Cruz, and Jorge Gómez Tapias. 2012. Reporte de huellas de dinsosaurios en el Santuario de Fauna y Flora de Iguaque, en cercanías de Chíquiza (Boyacá, Colombia). Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander 33. _. Accessed 2017-05-02.
- Rodríguez Parra, Antonio José, and Orlando Solano Silva. 2000. Mapa Geológico del Departamento de Boyacá - 1:250,000 - Memoria explicativa, 1–120. INGEOMINAS.
- Villamil, Tomas. 2012. Chronology Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia, 161–216. Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM).
Maps
- Beltrán, Alejandro; José Alfredo Lancheros; Carolina López; Claudia Chaquea; Alejandro Patiño; Angela Guerra; Julio C. Cabrera; Claudia I. Quintero, and Simón Emilio Molano. 2008. Plancha 134 - Puerto Parra - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06.
- Angarita, Leonidas; Víctor Carrillo; Alfonso Castro; Rommel Daconte; Mario Niño; Orlando G. Pulido; J. Antonio Rodríguez; José María Royero, and Rosalba Salinas, Carlos Ulloa and Rodrigo Vargas. 2009. Plancha 135 - San Gil - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06.
- Beltrán, Alejandro; José Alfredo Lancheros; Carolina López; Claudia Chaquea; Alejandro Patiño; Angela Guerra; Julio C. Cabrera; Claudia I. Quintero, and Simón Emilio Molano. 2008. Plancha 150 - Cimitarra - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06.
- Pulido González, Orlando. 2009. Plancha 151 - Charalá - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06.
- Ulloa, Carlos E, and Erasmo Rodríguez. 2009. Plancha 170 - Vélez - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06.
- Renzoni, Giancarlo, and Humberto Rosas. 2009. Plancha 171 - Duitama - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06.
- Renzoni, Giancarlo; Humberto Rosas, and Fernando INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06.
External links
- Gómez, J.; N.E. Montes; Á. Nivia, and H. Diederix. 2015. Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000, 1. Servicio Geológico Colombiano. Accessed 2017-03-16.