Librarians in popular culture
Librarians in popular culture can be found across many different mediums, including film, television, music and literature. Their portrayal is varied and can represent or subvert various stereotypes. Libraries and librarians are recurring elements in fiction.[1]
Films
According to Ann Seidl, director of the documentary The Hollywood Librarian, librarians in film are often portrayed as meek, timid, and unassertive in nature.[2] After indexing hundreds of appearances of librarians in film, she found that "the shorter the reference to a librarian in a film, the worse the stereotype."[3] Additionally, in an article looking at library stereotypes perpetrated in Hollywood movies, academic librarian Jennifer Snoek-Brown argued that films, as well as TV shows, often get "library call numbers wrong," but stated that "the usefulness, trustworthiness, and purpose of librarians" is often conveyed, and librarians in film are "becoming more ethnically diverse."[4]
By the 1950s, movies had established the stereotype of librarians as "spinsters" and "eggheads".[5] Thus, female movie librarians are usually unmarried, prim, and introverted. They are usually young and may be attractive, but dress drably and are sexually repressed. The "fate-worse-than-death view of librarians" is particularly evident in movies such as It's a Wonderful Life and The Music Man.[6][7][8] In It's a Wonderful Life (1946), Mary Hatch Bailey (played by Donna Reed), is depicted as an "old maid."[6] It is also evident in films like Foul Play which features a shy San Francisco librarian fall in love with a "goofy cop."[7] In contrast, male movie librarians – mild, intelligent, and timid – have fewer and less important roles.[6]
Another stereotype mentioned is the staggeringly rude and unhelpful librarian (
These negative portrayals are in contrast with such more well-rounded characters, such as librarian Bunny Watson (played by Katharine Hepburn) who teaches Richard Sumner (played by Spencer Tracy) a few things about modern research methods in the movie Desk Set (1957)[9] and the no-nonsense "Marian the Librarian" (Shirley Jones) in the movie The Music Man.[10][8] Mary (played by Parker Posey) as the ultimate Party Girl (1995) who discovers, "I want to be a librarian!" in a notable exception to the prim librarian stereotype.[5][7]
Librarians in film are usually ordinary people caught up in circumstances, rather than being heroes; likewise they are rarely villainous although they may have flaws, such as racism in
The comedy film Tomcats (2001) features Heather Stephens as Jill, a seemingly shy, repressed librarian who leads a double life as a lifestyle (nonoccupational) dominatrix. In Only Two Can Play (1962), Peter Sellers portrays a poorly paid and professionally frustrated Welsh librarian and occasional drama critic, whose affections fluctuate between glamorous Liz and his long-suffering wife Jean.[9] In the comedic UHF by "Weird Al" Yankovic, the character Conan the Librarian makes a brief appearance.[9][14] This character has exaggerated muscles, speaks in Austrian-accented English patterned after Arnold Schwarzenegger's portrayal of Conan, chastises a library patron for not knowing the Dewey Decimal System, and slices a patron in two for returning a book overdue. In an article in January 2021, Brian Cronin of CBR added that this character did not originate in a Monty Python episode.[15]
Librarians can serve a function in
Finally, the main character of The Mummy (1999) is a librarian named Evelyn Carnahan (Rachel Weisz), who is clumsy and later moves away from her profession in the sequels.[20] A memorable quote from her, upon introduction to the other main character shows a more positive depiction of librarians:
Evelyn: "Look, I... I may not be an explorer, or an adventurer, or a treasure-seeker, or a gunfighter, Mr. O'Connell, but I am proud of what I am."
Rick: "And what is that?"
Evelyn: "I... am a librarian."
From 2004 to 2008, the John Rogers fantasy-adventure television film franchise, The Librarian, aired on TNT. The three films focus on a librarian (portrayed by Noah Wyle) who protects secret artifacts in the Metropolitan Public Library in New York.[21]
Literature
Children's literature offers a generally positive portrayal of librarians as knowledgeable, helpful, amazing, and friendly, becoming more positive over the course of the 20th century. Adult literature, however, portrays the profession more negatively. Between these, portrayals of librarians in young adult fiction are neutral to negative. Here librarians are predominantly female, middle-aged, usually unattractive in some way, and mostly unmarried. Personality is mixed between positive traits such as intelligence, likeability, and kind-heartedness; and negative traits such as strictness, timidity, excess fastidiousness, and eccentricity. While some provide assistance to the main characters, several are the villains of the story. Duties generally include reference, but may only show clerical tasks; however the amount of technology used by librarian characters has increased over time.[5] Ashanti White, author of the 2012 book, Not Your Ordinary Librarian: Debunking the Popular Perceptions of Librarians, wrote that the shushing buttoned-down, older librarian was the most common depiction of librarians, in fiction, followed by the sexy librarian, stereotype.[22]
A disproportionate number of the librarians represented in novels are in the
Librarians appeared in other literature as well. For instance, Neal Stephenson's novel Snow Crash features a commercialized melding of the Central Intelligence Agency and the Library of Congress, along with a virtual librarian who assists the main character, and raises questions of the role of the librarian in an increasingly information-rich world.[25] Also, the eponymous character in Garth Nix's Lirael (2001) is an assistant librarian whose curiosity about the library she works in leads her into trouble and whose research skills save her. The head librarian is intimidating and the library itself is a dangerous place.[26][27]
There are other fictional librarians in literature as well. Allison Carroll in Jo Walton's Among Others serves as a mentor to the main protagonist and Madam Irma Pince is the librarian at Hogwarts during the Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling. Madam Pince embodies many negative librarian stereotypes — she's controlling, intimidating, she shushes, and she values books over patrons.[28] Similarly, there is the Librarian in Terry Pratchett's Discworld fantasy series, a once-human wizard who manages the library at the Unseen University,[27] Lucien serves on the Dream Castle's staff as chief librarian in Neil Gaiman's The Sandman series, and the podcast Welcome to Nightvale's Rabid Librarians will go to incredibly violent ends to ensure that the community is reading.[8] In Audrey Niffenegger's The Time Traveler's Wife, Henry, one of the two central characters, is a librarian working in the Newberry Library; one of his fears about his Chrono-Displacement disorder is that he may one day get trapped in the "Cage" in the library.[29]
Television and streamed media
Librarians have often been depicted in broadcast and streamed television series.
Last of the Summer Wine, a BBC comedy that ran from 1973 to 2010 was originally titled The Library Mob.[30] Many episodes took place in the local library and featured library staff.
CBS, NBC, Cartoon Network, and Disney Channel were not alone in having characters who were librarians. In the
Various streamed shows have featured librarians. For instance, in Hilda, there is a character known as "The Librarian." One reviewer, a librarian named Burkely Hermann, called her character "among the most positive pop culture depictions of librarians," apart with libraries in Cleopatra in Space and She-Ra and the Princesses of Power.[38] Hermann also states that the nine minutes in the first season of Hilda within a library setting makes a "strong impression," as it includes an episode featuring a special collections room. They further argued that the series makes clear the "importance of librarians and libraries for years to come." In another article by Hermann, they examine the second season of Hilda, calling the character, who gets a name in the season,[a] the "most intriguing librarian characters in recent TV memory," who gets more screen time.[39] This review further said that the season continually highlights the value of libraries and librarians time and again, along with knowledge and proper organization. In another article, Hermann looked at library settings in Cleopatra in Space and She-Ra and the Princesses of Power. In terms of the latter show, they noted the season 2 finale focuses "around two middle-aged gay Black librarians," George and Lance which contrasts with the depiction of a white and long-haired stereotypical librarian in She-Ra: Princess of Power, and argued that the series, as a whole, "shows librarians as helpful, welcoming, and diverse."[40]
Apart from the above-named shows,
Marienne Bellamy, librarian in the fictional town of Madre Linda, acted by Tati Gabrielle, was a love interest in the third series of You (TV series). Dante Ferguson, another librarian at Madre Linda was played by Ben Mehl.[44]
In the ever-popular Nickelodeon cartoon titled Avatar: The Last Airbender, an elephant-sized black owl by the name of Wan Shi Tong tends a towering library in the middle of the desert. He refers to his library as the "Spirit Library," and to himself as "He Who Knows Ten Thousand Things." Despite being a talking animal, he is given the same strict and intimidating personality that accompanies most fictional librarians.[45] The massively successful mature cartoon Bob's Burgers features a high-strung school librarian named Mr. Ambrose. He is given a personality that does not correspond with the most common librarian stereotypes. Instead of being stoic and controlling, he pays little attention to the students and expresses dissatisfaction with his job.[46]
Other media
Librarians have appeared in interactive entertainment and in online mediums. They are often portrayed as guides and/or purveyors of knowledge who help the user progress within the game like in The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim.[47]
In 2006,
Similarly, various songs focus on librarians. For instance, the retrospective compilation album of Tori Amos is called Tales of a Librarian, while My Morning Jacket's 2008 album Evil Urges features a song called "Librarian" and 2013 album of the American punk band Swingin' Utters, Poorly Formed includes a song titled "The Librarians Are Hiding Something." Additionally, the song, "Karen" of the Go-Betweens' album Lee Remick (1978), is an ode to a librarian, and Velocity Girl's 1993 album Copacetic contains the song titled "Lisa Librarian." In the same vein, Mrs. Phelps in Matilda was a librarian. She worked to help young readers, giving their advice, saying things like "sit back and allow the words to wash around you, like music."[16]
Librarians appeared in other media too, including model figures. In 2003, Archie McPhee brought out a librarian action figure, modeled on Seattle Public Library librarian Nancy Pearl. 28,000 action figures were sold in the first week of their availability.[51] Wearing a suit, hair bun and glasses, the action figure sparked controversy, particularly for the button-triggered shushing motion. Many librarians took it in a light-hearted spirit, while others felt it perpetuated negative stereotypes.[52] The original version of the action figure was discontinued, but Archie McPhee now sells a super-hero version of Pearl with a "removable cape and a deep understanding of how knowledge is organized."[51]
Stereotypes
Stereotypes of librarians in popular culture are frequently negative: librarians are portrayed as puritanical, punitive, unattractive, and introverted if female, or timid and effeminate if male. Such inaccurate stereotypes are likely to have a negative impact on the attractiveness of librarianship as a profession to young people.[5][53]
In modern times, the archetype of the "sexy librarian" has also begun to gain some traction, introduced in an effort to subvert the popular matriarchal image and make them more appealing to the average consumer. Both archetypes boil down to a similar idea, however – an authoritative, implacable guardian of the books who, through either power or sex appeal, keeps the library patrons in fear and thus remains exclusive guardian of the otherwise obscure organization system in the library.[54] In 2015, librarian Gretchen Keer gave a broader view,[55] writing that these stereotypes have roots in anxieties about the librarian profession itself:
"We cannot separate our understanding of library stereotypes from the history of librarianship that influenced their development in the first place...There are numerous librarian stereotypes, with the most recognizable being the middle-aged, bun-wearing, comfortably shod, shushing librarian. Others include the sexy librarian, the superhero librarian, and the hipster or tattooed librarian. These stereotypes are all characterized predominantly as feminine, white women. Newer librarian stereotypes, particularly those proffered by librarians themselves, tend to be depicted as younger white women. The original librarian stereotype, which was superseded by the introduction of his prudish sister, was that of the fussy (white) male curmudgeon...Librarian stereotypes can be traced, in part, to cultural anxieties about the emergence of the profession...we can conclude that, despite being beloved by a number of prominent and not-so-prominent individuals, librarianship as we know it is often treated in popular culture as a low- status profession or not a profession at all...It is important to acknowledge that stereotype threat is at work within librarianship because of the raced, classed, and gendered reality of individual librarians' lives."
Notable examples
Books and comics
(Alphabetized by author's surname)
- .
- Batgirl as Dr. Barbara Gordon, who is depicted as working as librarian in Gotham City's Public Library.[24][17]
- Jorge Luis Borges' short story, "The Library of Babel" (1941), depicts a universe consisting of a library of hexagonal rooms.[58][59]
- In Ray Bradbury's science fiction novel, Fahrenheit 451 (1953), books are outlawed and some rebels fight back by memorizing works, making themselves living libraries.[60]
- Audrey Niffenegger's The Time Traveler's Wife features Henry, who works in the Newberry Library, and also appears in the film adaptation.[29][18]
- Garth Nix's Lirael (2001) features Lirael, an assistant librarian.[26][27]
- The Elizabeth Peters' novel The Seventh Sinner (1972) features Jacqueline Kirby, a librarian.[23]
- In Terry Pratchett's Discworld series, The Librarian of the Unseen University is a recurring character that first appears in 1983.[27]
- Philip Roth's Goodbye, Columbus features a librarian who is racist.[6]
- In J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series, the castle of Hogwarts features a library. Madam Irma Pince is the librarian at Hogwarts during the series.[28]
- Neal Stephenson's novel Snow Crash features a virtual librarian.[25]
- In Jo Walton's Among Others, Allison Carroll is a librarian.[28]
- Yakusoku wa Toshokan no Katasumi de is a manga about a university librarian who works alongside her crush.[61]
Film and stage
(Alphabetical by series or title)
- In Angels and Demons (2009), the sequel to The Da Vinci Code (2006), Robert Langdon visits the Vatican Library and the Vatican archives several times to carry out research on the meaning and significance of various symbols.[62]
- The Breakfast Club (1985), five high school students serve a Saturday detention in the school's library.[63]
- Citizen Kane stars a librarian.[7]
- The Day After Tomorrow (2004), a group of people takes shelter from sudden freezing cold in the New York Public Library, burning books to keep warm.[62][64]
- Desk Set (1957) stars Katharine Hepburn as the head of a reference library; she and her staff are seemingly threatened with replacement by an early computer invented by Spencer Tracy's character.[9]
- Doctor Strange (2016) features the Kamar-Taj library, which houses ancient books about powerful magical lore.[65]
- Fahrenheit 451 (1966), an adaptation of Ray Bradbury's book.[66]
- Foul Play features Gloria Mundy, a shy San Francisco librarian.[7]
- The opening scenes of Ghostbusters (1984) include a haunted library with three librarian ghosts, filmed at the iconic central branch of the New York Public Library.[67][68][69]
- Harry Potter films Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001), Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002), Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005), and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) feature the Hogwarts Library.[70]
- It's a Wonderful Life features Mary Hatch Bailey, an "old maid" librarian in Pottersville.[6]
- John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum (2019) features a scene that takes place in the New York Public Library.[71]
- In Flynn Carsen (Noah Wyle) is hired by the New York Metropolitan Library, and recruited into an ancient clandestine order of Librarians.[21] He's introduced in the first original film of the franchise, The Librarian: Quest for the Spear (2004), where he is entrusted with the role of protecting the historical, and often magical, contents of a secret section of the library.[72] He returns in The Librarian: Return to King Solomon's Mines (2006) and in The Librarian: Curse of the Judas Chalice (2008).[62][73][74]
- The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), Gandalf travels to Gondor to research in Lord Denethor's Library the Ring in Bilbo's possession.[75]
- The
- The Mummy (1999) features Evelyn Carnahan, the female lead who is a clumsy librarian. She also appeared in the two sequels of this film.[20]
- The female lead in cast album won the first Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album and spent 245 weeks on the Billboard charts.[76] It was also made into a film of the same name that was nominated for six Academy Awards and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
- The Name of the Rose (1986), an adaptation of Umberto Eco's novel.[77]
- Only Two Can Play (1962) stars a Welsh librarian and occasional drama critic.[9]
- The Party Girl (1995) stars Mary, a party girl who discovers she wants to be a librarian.[5][7]
- The Pagemaster features Mr. Dewey, an eccentric librarian.[16]
- The Public stars librarian Stuart Goodson, who is comfortable with the homeless people who use his public library every day.[11]
- Oblivion (2013) takes place in an imagined future amidst the ruins of New York, including those of the New York Public Library.[78]
- The musical She Loves Me (1963) includes the song "A Trip to the Library".[67]
- Something Wicked This Way Comes (1983) features a librarian.[10]
- Storm Center (1956) includes protagonist, Alicia Hull, a small town librarian.[13]
- The Time Machine (2002), a film adaptation of H. G. Wells's novel, features a holographic artificial intelligence librarian at the New York Public Library in the year 2030 and afterwards.[79]
- UHF (1989) features the character Conan the Librarian.[9][14][15]
Television
(Alphabetical by series, then chronological by episode)
- A Good Librarian Like a Good Shepherd features a library which contains books which have the histories of every person's lives.[80]
- Ascendance of a Bookworm centers on Myne, a former college librarian reincarnated as a sickly young girl who tries to bring printed books to the masses and works as a church librarian.[81][82][83]
- The Big City Greens episode "Quiet Please" features an unnamed librarian at a city library.[35]
- The Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2001) character, librarian Rupert Giles, serves as Buffy Summers' mentor and surrogate father figure; beneath the school library lies a secret gateway to the demon realms.[17][67]
- An episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation features Aaron Pratt, an autistic librarian.[31]
- In the Doctor Who episode "Silence in the Library" (2008), Donna Noble and Tenth Doctor visit a planet which is a 51st-century book repository simply called "The Library".[84]
- In the Doctor Who episode "Journey to the Centre of the TARDIS" (2013), Clara visits the TARDIS library.[85]
- In Shireen Baratheon uses books from her collection at Dragonstone to teach the imprisoned Davos Seaworth to read.[86]
- Hilda features Kaisa, the librarian of the Trolberg Library and a witch.[38][39]
- The Twilight of the Gods" (1993), featured the Bodleian Library[87]
- Kokoro Library centers on sisters who work at small rural library in the "middle of nowhere".[88][89]
- In one episode of Mira, Royal Detective, Mira and her father Sahil operate a bookmobile.[42]
- In "Once Upon A Time", Belle is a princess-turned-librarian.[16]
- Orange Is the New Black features Tasha "Taystee" Jefferson, a librarian at Litchfield Penitentiary.[16]
- Episodes of Parks and Recreation feature Tammy, a librarian.[33][16]
- Read or Die OVA centers on Yomiko Readman, a spy for British Library's Special Operations Division, who can manipulate paper, while the R.O.D the TV series focuses on others who can do the same, with Readman continuing to have a role.[88][56]
- She-Ra and the Princesses of Power features George and Lance, two gay historians who run a family library.[40]
- Silent Library was a television game show with a public library setting that aired on MTV from 2009 to 2011.[90]
- In the Star Trek: The Original Series episode "All Our Yesterdays" (1969), Captain Kirk, McCoy, and Spock are transported back in time by the sole remaining inhabitant of a doomed planet: the librarian Mr. Atoz.[91]
- In the Stranger Things (2016-2017), in the third episode of both seasons 1 and 2, the librarian of the Hawkins Public Library helps characters research information.[92]
- Tatakau Shisho focuses on librarians who guard "books of the dead", with the past lives of people read in a book, after they die.[93][94][95]
- The Ancient Magus' Bride: Those Awaiting a Star tells the story of a girl who finds a secret library and a librarian who protects her from monsters.[96]
- The Crazy Ones features Flora, a drunk librarian.[32]
- The Librarians (2007-2010) is an Australian television comedy series that has a librarian as the protagonist.[36]
- The Librarians (2014-2018), a continuation of The Librarian film series, features several characters who work for The Library.[37]
- In The Twilight Zone episode "The Obsolete Man" (1961), a totalitarian state, having banned books, sentences a librarian to death for the crime of being obsolete.[97]
- The We Bare Bears episode "The Library" features an unnamed female librarian.[34]
- Welcome to the Wayne features Clare Rhona, head librarian of The Stanza.[43]
- Whispered Words includes an openly lesbian protagonist, Kazema, having a crush on her fellow librarian, Sumika.[94]
- Yami to Bōshi to Hon no Tabibito has a protagonist named Lillith, who is guardian to the library of the worlds, allowing her to search for Eve, a former library caretaker.[93][98]
Other
- "
- Pearl, a librarian action figure, modeled on Seattle Public Library librarian Nancy Pearl.[51][52]
- The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim features a librarian.[47]
See also
Notes
- ^ She is named Kaisa, presumably after her voice actress, Kaisa Hammarlund
References
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Although the spinster image of librarians persisted, the sexy librarian emerged as a formidable rival. She found her way into advertisements and, surprisingly, into politics with the emergence of Sarah Palin. Conservative yet fashionable in dress, she served as a voice for conventional values. That coupled with her recognizable frames made her an example of what the sexy librarian looks like.
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As one of my co-workers typed in different words and phrases, the "Ms. Dewey" character (pre-recorded film footage of actress, Janina Gavankar) engages in flirtatious banter, sometimes becoming irritated or condescending if too much time passes before entering a search term: "Hellloooo... type something here!"
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Further reading
- Burns, Grant (1998). Librarians in Fiction. McFarland. ISBN 0786483164. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- Flood, Alison (31 July 2014). "Libraries in fiction quiz – test your shelf knowledge". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- Gunn, James. "Libraries in Science Fiction". Gunn Center For the Study of Science Fiction. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
- New Library World. Vol. 26. Library Supply Company. 1924.
- Stevens, Norman D. (1986). A Guide to Collecting Librariana. Scarecrow Press. pp. 57–60. ISBN 0810818744.
- The Library Association Record. Vol. 20. Library Association. 1920. pp. 186, 210–.
External links
- I Love Libraries - ALA initiative to promote the value of libraries
- Reel Librarians – a blog about librarians in film, plus filmographies, librarian character types, and extra resources
- Librarian Wardrobe – a user-submitted blog of what real librarians look like and what they wear to work
- You Don't Look Like a Librarian! – a collection of resources relating to the perception of librarians in the Internet age
- Libraries at the Movies – a blog about the representation of libraries and librarians in movies
- Librarians in the Movies – an annotated filmography
- The Hollywood Librarian
- Songs about Libraries and Librarians
- This is What a Librarian Looks Like – going beyond the bun to challenge outdated librarian stereotypes