Marie Yovanovitch

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Marie Yovanovitch
United States Ambassador to Kyrgyzstan
In office
February 4, 2005 – February 4, 2008
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byStephen Young
Succeeded byTatiana Gfoeller
Personal details
Born
Marie Louise Yovanovitch

(1958-11-11) November 11, 1958 (age 65)
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
EducationPrinceton University (BA)
National Defense University (MS)

Marie Louise "Masha" Yovanovitch (born November 11, 1958) is a Canadian-American former diplomat and retired

Ambassador to Ukraine (2016–2019). Yovanovitch is a diplomat in residence at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University.[3][4] On January 31, 2020, it was reported that she had retired from the State Department.[5][6]

While ambassador to Ukraine, Yovanovitch was the target of a

U.S. House of Representatives. Yovanovitch testified in several House committee depositions in the inquiry.[11][12]

Early life and education

Marie Yovanovitch is the daughter of Mikhail Yovanovitch and Nadia (Theokritoff) Yovanovitch,

naturalized American citizen at age eighteen. She grew up speaking Russian.[3]

Yovanovitch graduated from Kent School in Connecticut in 1976; her parents were longtime foreign language teachers at the school.[14] Yovanovitch earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in history and Russian studies from Princeton University in 1980.[15] Her senior thesis was titled "The Excommunication of Tolstoy. A Personal and Political Event."[16] She studied at the Pushkin Institute in Moscow (1980) and was awarded a Master of Science degree from the National Defense University's National War College in 2001.[15]

Career

Early diplomatic career

Yovanovitch joined the United States Foreign Service in 1986. Her first foreign assignment, in Ottawa, was followed by overseas assignments including Moscow, London, and Mogadishu. From May 1998 to May 2000, she served as the deputy director of the Russia Desk in the U.S. Department of State.[15]

From August 2001 to June 2004, as a career member of the

Deputy Chief of Mission of the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine.[17] From August 2004 to May 2005, she was the senior advisor to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs.[18] Yovanovitch also served as International Advisor and Deputy Commandant at the National Defense University's Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy and as dean of the School of Language Studies within the U.S. Department of State's Foreign Service Institute.[18]

U.S. Ambassador to Kyrgyzstan and Armenia and subsequent service

Yovanovitch is "well known in diplomatic circles for her measured demeanor and diligence in representing both Republican and Democratic administrations."

confirmed by the Senate on a voice vote.[21]

Yovanovitch was appointed

U.S. Ambassador to Armenia on August 4, 2008; she presented her credentials on September 22, 2008, and remained in this post until June 9, 2011.[20] Her nomination as ambassador to Armenia was again confirmed by the Senate on a voice vote.[22] During confirmation hearings, Yovanovitch acknowledged that Turks had committed mass killings, rapes, and expulsions of Armenians between 1915 and 1923, calling this "one of the greatest tragedies of the 20th century," but, in line with U.S. policy, declined to use the phrase Armenian genocide, saying that the use of this politically sensitive phrase was a policy decision that could be made only by the highest-ranking U.S. officials, namely President George W. Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.[23]

While in Armenia, Yovanovitch oversaw a staff of almost 400 Americans and Armenians in one of the largest embassy compounds in the world.[24] She pushed Armenian authorities to give fair treatment to Armenians arrested in post-election protests in 2008.[19] Yovanovitch received the Secretary's Diplomacy in Human Rights Award,[18] a department award honoring ambassadors who demonstrate "extraordinary commitment to defending human rights."[19] She was also known for her work supporting democratic development and the advancement of women.[25]

After returning to Washington in 2012 and 2013, Yovanovitch served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs.

Career Minister in 2016.[26]

U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine

Yovanovitch was announced as the nominee for U.S. ambassador to Ukraine on May 18, 2016, to replace

Geoff Pyatt;[27] the nomination was sent to the Senate the next day, and confirmed by voice vote of the Senate on July 14, 2016.[28] Having been sworn in on August 12, Yovanovitch arrived in Ukraine on August 22[29] and presented her credentials on August 29, 2016.[1]

Anti-corruption work and other activities

Ambassador Yovanovitch was known for her anti-corruption work including her speech at a conference held April 1, 2019.

Yovanovitch was respected within the national security community for her efforts to encourage Ukraine to tackle corruption

once-in-a-generation opportunity for change has not yet resulted in the anti-corruption or rule-of-law reforms that Ukrainians expect or deserve."[32] On April 1, 2019, Yovanovitch spoke at an anti-corruption conference where she thanked Ukrainians for their courage and commitment to end corruption.[33]

Smear campaign against Yovanovitch and ousting

Main article: Trump–Ukraine scandal

As

disinformation campaign."[34] Lutsenko subsequently recanted his claims of a "do-not-prosecute" list.[39] Solomon's stories were nonetheless amplified by President Trump, his son Donald Trump Jr., Giuliani, Solomon, and conservative media outlets.[36][40] Ukrainians who opposed Yovanovitch were also sources for Giuliani, who "was on a months-long search for political dirt in Ukraine to help President Trump."[32] Giuliani confirmed in a November 2019 interview that he believed he "needed Yovanovitch out of the way" because she was going to make his investigations difficult.[41]

On April 24, 2019,

Volodymyr Zelensky (the contents of which became public on September 25, 2019), Trump pressured the Ukrainian government to investigate Biden and disparaged Yovanovitch to his foreign counterpart, calling her "bad news".[40][46]

Documents to the

Russian-language messages, Lutsenko told Parnas that Yovanovitch (referred to as "madam") should be ousted before he would make helpful public statements; for example, in a March 22, 2019 WhatsApp message to Parnas, Lutsenko wrote, "It's just that if you don’t make a decision about Madam—you are calling into question all my declarations. Including about B."[9] It is thought that Lutsenko targeted Yovanovitch due to her anti-corruption efforts in Ukraine.[49] One week before an April 1, 2019 conference on anti-corruption, Parnas exchanged encrypted WhatsApp text messages with Robert F. Hyde that indicated the ambassador was under surveillance and that her security was at risk.[50][51] Hyde claimed he had merely forwarded messages received from a Belgian citizen named Anthony de Caluwe.[51] After the House Intelligence Committee released the text messages, de Caluwe initially denied any involvement, but then reversed himself, saying that he had in fact sent the messages to Hyde but that the messages were a joke and "just a part of a ridiculous banter."[51]

An audio tape from April 2018, recorded at a private dinner between Trump and top donors and made public by ABC News in January 2020, captures Trump demanding Yovanovitch's removal, saying: "Get rid of her! Get her out tomorrow. I don't care. Get her out tomorrow. Take her out. Okay? Do it."[9][52][53] The recording appeared to corroborate Parnas' account that he had told Trump that night that Yovanovitch was working against Trump.[9]

Yovanovitch's abrupt ousting shocked and outraged career State Department diplomats.

impeachment inquiry against Trump;[43] her recall was termed "a political hit job" by Democratic members of Congress.[46][36] Trump subsequently said she was "no angel" and falsely claimed that Yovanovitch had refused to hang his portrait.[60][61][62]

In a January 2020 interview, Parnas apologized to Yovanovitch for his role in the smear campaign against her.[9][63]

Congressional testimony

On October 11, 2019, Yovanovitch gave closed-door

Oversight and Reform, Foreign Affairs and Intelligence committees.[64][31][65] A transcript of Yovanovitch's full testimony was released to the public on November 5, 2019.[65]

The State Department sought to stop Yovanovitch from testifying before Congress, in line with Trump's policy of refusing to cooperate with the impeachment inquiry.

House Intelligence Committee issued a subpoena, stating that "the illegitimate order from the Trump Administration not to cooperate has no force"—and Yovanovitch proceeded to give testimony.[31]

In her testimony, Yovanovitch testified that Trump had pressured the State Department to remove her, and that she was "incredulous" to be removed based on "unfounded and false claims by people with clearly questionable motives."

Deputy Secretary of State John Sullivan had told her that she had done nothing wrong but that the State Department had been under political pressure from Trump to remove her since summer 2018.[31] Sullivan, in his own testimony to Congress, corroborated Yovanovitch's testimony, confirmed that Yovanovitch was the target of a smear campaign, and publicly affirmed that Yovanovitch had served "admirably and capably" as ambassador.[7]

Yovanovitch testified that her removal was the result of "significant tension between those who seek to transform the country and those who wish to continue profiting from the old ways," and that false narratives were pushed from an "unfortunate alliance between Ukrainians who continue to operate within a corrupt system, and Americans who either did not understand that corrupt system, or who may have chosen, for their own purposes, to ignore it."

U.S. Ambassador to the European Union Gordon Sondland on how to respond to the smear campaign, Sondland recommended that she tweet praise for Trump.[42][67]

Yovanovitch also detailed attempts by Giuliani to interfere in the State Department's consular decisions, by attempting to override a U.S. visa denial for former Ukrainian official Viktor Shokin, who had been declared ineligible for travel in the United States based on his "known corrupt activities."[68][42] Yovanovitch also said that she was "shocked" and felt threatened by Trump's statement, in a phone call with Zelensky, that "she's going to go through some things," testifying that she was very concerned "that the President would speak about me or any ambassador in that way to a foreign counterpart."[42]

Yovanovitch testified to Congress “My parents fled Communist and Nazi regimes. Having seen, firsthand, the war and poverty and displacement common to totalitarian regimes, they valued the freedom and democracy the U.S. offers and that the United States represents. And they raised me to cherish those values.”[69]

External videos
video icon Testimony of Yovanovitch to the House Intelligence Committee, November 15, 2019, C-SPAN
Yovanovitch being sworn in at the public impeachment inquiry hearing

On November 15, 2019, Yovanovitch testified during the

witness intimidation; Democratic Representative Jim Himes, a member of the Intelligence Committee, stated: "The president chose to respond to a patriotic and superb public servant with lies and intimidation. ...Her boss disparaged and intimidated her not after, but during her testimony."[71] During questioning, the committee's Republicans avoided making personal attacks against Yovanovitch or seeking to undermine her credibility, but argued that Yovanovitch's removal and the events leading to it were not relevant to whether Trump had committed impeachable offenses and emphasized that Yovanovitch's removal occurred "before the main events under scrutiny took place."[72]

Subsequent posting and retirement

After being ousted as U.S. ambassador to Ukraine, Yovanovitch became a Senior State Department Fellow at Georgetown University's Institute for the Study of Diplomacy.[4] On January 31, 2020, it was reported that she had retired from the Department of State.[5][6][73] She is a senior fellow in the Russia and Eurasia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.[74][75]

Works

External videos
video icon After Words interview with Yovanovitch on Lessons From the Edge, March 26, 2022, C-SPAN

See also

  • Trump–Ukraine scandal
  • Foreign interference in the 2020 United States elections
  • Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019)

References

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marie L. Yovanovitch.
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
United States Ambassador to Kyrgyzstan

2005–2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
United States Ambassador to Armenia

2008–2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
United States Ambassador to Ukraine

2016–2019 		Succeeded by
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