Nariman Narimanov
Nariman Narimanov Nəriman Nərimanov | |
---|---|
Azerbaijan Communist Party) | |
Preceded by | Fatali Khan Khoyski (ADR) |
Succeeded by | Mirza Davud Huseynov |
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars | |
In office May 1921 – April 1922 | |
Preceded by | Office created |
Succeeded by | Gazanfar Musabekov |
Personal details | |
Born | 14 April [ |
Signature | |
Nariman Karbalayi Najaf oghlu Narimanov (Azerbaijani: Nəriman Kərbəlayi Nəcəf oğlu Nərimanov, Russian: Нарима́н Кербелаи Наджа́ф оглы Нарима́нов; 14 April [O.S. 2 April] 1870 – 19 March 1925) was an Azerbaijani Bolshevik revolutionary, writer, publicist, politician and statesman. For just over one year beginning in May 1920, Narimanov headed the government of Soviet Azerbaijan. He was subsequently elected chairman of the Union Council of the Transcaucasian SFSR. He was also Party Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union from 30 December 1922 until the day of his death.
In the realm of literature, Narimanov translated into Turkic Nikolai Gogol's The Government Inspector and wrote many plays, stories and novels, such as Bahadur and Sona (1896). He was also the author of the historical trilogy, Nadir-Shah (1899).
One of the central districts and one of the busiest metro stations in Baku, together with a number of streets, parks and halls all over Azerbaijan, as well as Azerbaijan Medical University, are named after him. In the Lankaran region, there is a town named Narimanabad in his honor. There are also towns named after him in other post-Soviet states, mainly in Russia.
Biography
Early years
Nariman Narimanov was born on 14 April (2 April O.S.) 1870 in
As a young man, Narimanov gained notice as a writer in Azerbaijan even before the revolution of 1905-1907, publishing novels which advocated the abandonment of tired customs and religious superstitions.[2] He simultaneously taught school in the village of Gizel-Adjal, Tiflis Province, where he became closely acquainted with the hard life of the local peasantry. Narimanov was one of the first activists of young Turkic literature. He translated into Turkic Gogol's Inspector and wrote many plays, stories and novels; the most well known among them being the novel, Bahadur and Sona (1896), and a historical trilogy, Nadir-shah (1899).
During the 1905 Revolution, Narimanov joined the
Political career
After the
Following the fall of the Baku Soviet, Narimanov managed to escape the city to Astrakhan, thereby avoiding the grim fate of the
In 1920, Narimanov was appointed the chairman of the Azerbaijani Revolutionary Committee (Azrevkom) and, shortly thereafter, the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars' (Sovnarkom) of the Azerbaijani Soviet Republic. In April and May 1922, he took part in the Genoese Conference as a member of the Soviet delegation. In 1922, he was elected the chairman of the Union Council of the
In April 1923, Narimanov was elected as a candidate for the Central Committee of the RKP(b) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks). The charismatic moderate nationalist clashed with Joseph Stalin's close associate Sergo Ordzhonikidze, who led the Communist Party in Transcaucasia. As a result of this conflict, Ordzhonikidze had Narimanov transferred to posts in Moscow to remove him from the Caucasus.
Death and legacy
Narimanov died in bed of a heart attack on 19 March 1925.[2] He was 54 years old at the time of his death. He is buried in Mass Grave No. 7 of the Kremlin Wall Necropolis in Red Square, Moscow.
Leon Trotsky called Narimanov's death the second biggest loss for the Eastern world after that of Lenin.[3] Sergo Ordzhonikidze described Narimanov as "the greatest representative of our party in the East".[4]
During the
Narimanov was survived by his wife Gulsum and by his son Najaf, who joined the
- .
- Belarus: a village in the village hall of Aleksichskom Khoiniki district, Gomel region.
- Georgia: a street (changed its name into Kutaisi in 1932),[6] a museum in Tbilisi (not active anymore), culture center, school, monument and street in Marneuli.
- Kazakhstan: Kostanay Airport (Narimanovka).
- Republic of Tatarstan, a village in Narimanovsky Rural Okrug of Tyumensky District of Tyumen Oblast, raion in Baskhortostan, avenue and the area in Ulyanovsk, culture center in Shatura, streets in Volgograd, Chernyanka Belgorod regions, Kostroma and Moscow, street near railway of Voronezh. Narimanov's name once given to Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies.
- Turkmenistan: a street in Bayramali.
- Ukraine: an alleyway in Odesa, a street in Kharkiv, village in Kirovohrad Oblast.
- Uzbekistan: a city Payarik was once called as "Narimanovka". A city in Taskhent oblast. Senatoruim.
Footnotes
- ^ "Presidential Library. Nariman Narimanov" (PDF). p. 72. Retrieved 2010-07-09.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n George Jackson with Robert Devlin, "Narima Nejefoghi Narimanov" in Dictionary of the Russian Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1989; pp. 399-400.
- ^ Leon Trotsky on the memory of Myasnikov, Mogilevskogo, and Artabekova
- ^ The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1939, p. 160.
- ^ Jamil Hasanli, Khrushchev's Thaw and National Identity in Soviet Azerbaijan 1954-1959 p436]
- ^ Qori seminariyasının Azərbaycan şöbəsinin yaradıcısı
Further reading
- Audrey Altstadt, The Azerbaijani Turks: Power and Identity Under Russian Rule. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1992.
- Brinegar, Sara (2017). "The Oil Deal: Nariman Narimanov and the Sovietization of Azerbaijan". Slavic Review. 76 (2): 372–394. .
- The Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Third edition. Moscow: 1970–77.