New Netherland settlements
New Netherland series |
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Exploration |
Fortifications: |
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Settlements: |
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The Patroon System |
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People of New Netherland |
Flushing Remonstrance |
New Netherland (Nieuw-Nederland in Dutch) was the 17th century colonial province of the
The region was initially explored in 1609 by Henry Hudson on an expedition for the Dutch East India Company. It was later surveyed and charted, and was given its name in 1614. The Dutch named the three main rivers of the province the Zuyd Rivier (South River, now the Delaware River), the Noort Rivier (North River, now the Hudson River), and the Versche Rivier (Fresh River, now the Connecticut River). They intended to use them to gain access to the interior, the indigenous population, and the lucrative fur trade.
Forts and Factorijen
The first of two
Nut Island
The
Patroonships
In 1629, the Dutch West India Company introduced the
South River
Another
Fresh River (Connecticut)
The Dutch established a short-lived factorij trading post at Kievits Hoek (or Plover's Corner) in present-day
North River
The port called the Manhattans grew up at the mouth of the
A municipal charter was also granted to Beverwijck in 1652, which had grown from a trading post to a bustling town in the midst of Rensselaerswyck.[10] In 1657, the homesteads scattered along the west bank of the Hudson Valley in Esopus country were required to build a garrison that became the province's third largest town of Wiltwijk.
The Dutch Belt
Colonial settlers spread throughout the region after the final transfer of power to the English with the Treaty of Westminster (1674), establishing many of the towns and cities that exist today.[11] The Dutch Reformed Church played an important role in this expansion.[12] Settlers followed the course of the Hudson River in the north via New York Harbor to the Raritan River in the south along what George Washington called the "Dutch Belt".[13]
Demographics
Population estimates do not include Native Americans.
List of settlements
Name | Modern-day location | State | Year estd. | Notes/references |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fort Nassau |
Castle Island | NY | 1614 | in the North River |
Roduins / Rodenbergh |
New Haven | CT | possibly 1620s | possible factorij[17]
|
Fort Nassau |
Gloucester City | NJ | 1621 | dismantled and relocated in 1651 |
Noten Eylant | Governors Island | NY | 1624 | |
Fort Orange |
Albany | NY | 1624 | replaced Fort Nassau on the North River
|
Fort Wilhelmus | Burlington Island | NJ | 1624 | disbanded[18] |
Kievets Hoek | Old Saybrook | CT | 1624 | disbanded |
New Amsterdam | Lower Manhattan | NY | 1624 | |
Fort Amsterdam | Lower Manhattan | NY | 1625 | |
Rensselaerswyck | Capital District |
NY | 1630 | Kiliaen van Rensselaer on the North River
|
Pavonia | Hudson County |
NJ | 1630 | on the Michael Pauw
|
Noortwijk | Greenwich Village, New York |
NY | 1630s | |
Zwaanendael | Lewes | DE | 1631 | on the Zuyd Rivier; soon after plundered by the local population[20] |
Fort Huis de Goed Hoop |
Hartford | CT | 1633 | near the Fresh River[21] |
Jan de Lacher's Hoeck | Communipaw / Liberty State Park | NJ | 1634 | [22] |
Connecticut Colony | – | CT | 1636 | founded by Fort Huis de Goed Hoop
|
Quetenesse |
Dutch Island | RI | 1636 | nearby Fort Ninigret may have been Dutch or Portuguese |
Nieuwe Haarlem | Harlem, New York |
NY | 1637 | municipal charter in 1652 |
Pelham | Pelham | NY | 1637 | New Englander's homestead |
New Haven Colony | New Haven | CT | 1638 | New Englander towns found at mouth of Quinnipiac River |
Fort Christina | Wilmington | DE | 1638 | first of Swedish settlements on the Fort Altena in 1655
|
Broncks |
The Bronx | NY | 1639 | settled by Jonas Bronck[23] |
Paulus Hoeck | Paulus Hook | NJ | 1639 | patent at Pavonia |
Staaten Eylandt | Staten Island | NY | 1639 | attempted patroonship of Cornelius Meyln[24] |
Southhold | Southhold | NY | 1640 | |
Vriessendael |
Edgewater | NJ | 1640 | homestead of David Pietersen de Vries
|
Beverwijck | Albany | NY | 1640s | trading post surrounded by Rensselaerswyck; municipal charter in 1652[10] |
Peekskill | Peekskill | NY | possibly early 1640s | formalized in 1684 |
Achter Col |
Gateway Region | NJ | 1641 | attempted patroonship on the Hackensack River
|
Greenwich | Greenwich | CT | 1642 | English manor under Dutch jurisdiction |
Vriedelandt |
Throggs Neck, Bronx |
NY | 1642 | settled by Englishman John Throckmorton[25] |
Maspat | Maspeth, Queens | NY | 1642 | under a charter granted to Rev. Francis Doughty[26][27] |
Hemsteede | Hempstead | NY | 1643 | New England settlement on Lange Eylandt[28] |
Hoboken | Hoboken | NJ | 1643 | lease at Pavonia |
Eastchester |
Eastchester |
NY | 1643 | homestead of Anne Hutchinson's family and followers |
Gravesend | Gravesend, Brooklyn | NY | 1645 | settled under Dutch patent by Lady Deborah Moody and followers
|
Vlissingen | Flushing, Queens | NY | 1645 | under Dutch patent, mostly Quakers
|
Breuckelen |
Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn |
NY | 1646 | |
Colen Donck | Yonkers |
NY | 1646 | homestead of Jonkheer Adriaen van der Donck |
Constable Hook | Constable Hook | NJ | 1646 | patent |
Nieuw Amersfoort | Flatlands, Brooklyn | NY | 1647 | |
Minkakwa |
Caven Point | NJ | 1647 | |
Weehawken | Weehawken | NJ | 1647 | land patent |
Fort Beversreede | Philadelphia | PA | 1648 | on the Schuylkill River |
Stuyvesant Farm | East Village and Stuyvesant Town, New York | NY | 1649 | homestead of Petrus Stuyvesant
|
Poughkeepsie | Poughkeepsie | NY | 1650s | founded by Barent Baltus |
Fort Casimir | New Castle |
DE | 1651 | [29] |
Midwout | Midwood, Brooklyn | NY | 1652 | [30] |
Esopus | Ulster County | NY | 1652 | [31] |
Nieuw Utrecht | Bensonhurst, Brooklyn | NY | 1652 | |
Oester Baai |
Oyster Bay |
NY | 1653 | at the 1650 border between New Netherland and New England |
Pelham Manor | Pelham | NY | 1654 | Englishman Thomas Pell's purchase; New Netherland/Siwanoy territory[32] |
Pamrapo | Bayonne | NJ | 1654 | Achter Col patents[33]
|
Nieuw Amstel | New Castle | DE | 1655 | |
Rustdorp | Jamaica, Queens | NY | 1656 | land patent |
Wiltwyk | Kingston | NY | 1657 | [31] |
Bergen | Hudson County | NJ | 1660 | |
Rye | Rye | NY | 1660 | land purchase by English settlers[34] |
Oude Dorpe | Old Town, Staten Island | NY | 1661 | [35] |
Boswijck | Bushwick, Brooklyn | NY | 1661 | |
Schenectady |
Schenectady |
NY | 1661 | [13] |
Claverack | Hudson | NY | 1662 | |
Plockhoy Zwaanendael | Lewes, Delaware | DE | 1663 | founded by Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy |
English Neighborhood | eastern Bergen County | NJ | 1668 | |
Woestina | Rotterdam | NY | 1670 | [13] |
Nieuw Dorp | New Dorp, Staten Island | NY | 1671 |
Reformed Congregations pre-1776 (selection)
- 1683 - New Pfaltz [36] (Huguenot)
- 1684 - Sleepy Hollow
- 1686 - Hackensack[37]
- 1693 - Acquackanonk[38] in Passaic
- 1694 - Tappan[39]
- 1699 - Marlboro[40]
- 1700 - Second River[41] in Belleville
- 1703 - Six Mile Run[42]
- 1710 - Ponds[43] in Oakland
- 1716 - Claverack
- 1716 - Fishkill[44]
- 1716 - Poughkeepsie[44]
- 1717 - New Brunswick[45]
- 1717 - Schaghticoke [46]
- 1719 - North Branch[47]
- 1720 - Fairfield[48]
- 1723 - German Palatines)
- 1724 - Schraalenburgh now Dumont
- 1725 - Paramus[50]
- 1725 - German Palatines)[51]
- 1727 - Harlingen[52]
- 1731 - Rhinebeck[53]
- 1736 - Pompton Plains[54]
- 1740 - Ramapo in Mahwah
- 1750 - Canajoharie[55]
- 1750 - Clarkstown[56]
- 1755 - Totowa [38][57] in Paterson
- 1756 - Schodack
- 1756 - Montivlle[58]
- 1758 - Caughnawaga now Fonda[59]
- 1758 - New Hackensack[60] in Town of Wappinger
- 1758 - Bedminster[61]
- 1763 - Betlehem
- 1765 - Ghent
- 1770 - English Neighborhood, now Ridgefield[62][63][64]
- 1774 -
- 1776 - Hillsdale[67]
See also
- Toponymy of New Netherland
- New Netherlander
- Reformed Church in America
- New Brunswick Theological Seminary
- Forts of New Netherland
- Huguenot Street Historic District
- German Palatines
- History of Brooklyn
- List of Dutch West India Company trading posts and settlements
References
- ^ a b "The English and Dutch Towns of New Netherland". American Historical Review Vol. 6 No. 1 (Oct. 1900), pp1‑18. penelope.uchicago.edu (University of Chicago). Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ^ The Dutch set up a trading post at the mouth of the Branford River in the 1600s, the source of the name "Dutch Wharf." "Branford Chamber of Commerce, Branford Connecticut". Archived from the original on 2006-06-26. Retrieved 2006-06-27. Branford Chamber of Commerce
- ^ "Freedoms, as Given by the Council of the Nineteen of the Chartered West India Company to All those who Want to Establish a Colony in New Netherland". World Digital Library. 1630. Retrieved 2013-07-28.
- ^ The Zwaanendael Museum
- ^ Bart Plantegna. (April 2001) "The Mystery of the Plockhoy Settlement in the Valley of Swans Archived 2010-12-21 at the Wayback Machine". Mennonite Historical Bulletin.
- ^ http://www.branfordct.com/guide_history.htm Archived 2006-06-26 at the Library of Congress Web Archives Branford Chamber of Commerce web site accessed 26 June 2006
- ^ "Branford Point Historic District, Branford Town, New Haven County, Branford CT, 06405".
- ^ The Archaeology of 17th-Century New Netherland Since 1985: An Update Paul R. Huey Northeast Historical Archaeology Volume 34 From the Netherlands to New Netherland: The Archaeology of the Dutch in the Old and New Worlds Article 6 (2005) https://orb.binghamton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1083&context=neha
- ^ Suckiaug
- ^ a b "Beverwyck". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
- ^ "From Revolution to Reconstruction: Essays: The United States of America and the Netherlands: Index". Archived from the original on 2011-05-18. Retrieved 2009-03-03.
- ^ http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc09/htm/iv.vii.c.htm Schaff, Philip; The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedeia of Religious Knowledge
- ^ ISBN 90-5018-426-X, NUGI 470, Uitgeverij Balans, 1999
- ^ Joan Blaeu, Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova
- ^ New York: History - Islands Draw Native American, Dutch, and English Settlement
- ^ A brief outline of Dutch history and the province of New Netherland Archived 2009-07-13 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Connecticut River Section - Rodenburg (New Haven)
- ^ Bert van Steeg,Walen in de Wildernis :"Walen in de Wildernis". Archived from the original on 2008-05-17. Retrieved 2008-12-02., soon after abandoned Bij aankomst in de kolonie werden de kolonisten opgesplitst in vier groepen en werden er op een aantal plaatsen kleine vestigingen gesticht, vooral in de buurt van de al bestaande handelsposten. Een aantal families werden gevestigd aan de Delaware. Hier werd fort Wilhelmus gesticht. Twee families en zes mannen werden naar de Connecticut rivier gestuurd. Ook op Governors’ eiland werden een aantal kolonisten geplaatst om een fort te bouwen. Het grootste aantal kolonisten, onder wie Catalina Rapalje, werd echter net ten zuiden van het huidige Albany geplaatst. May liet hier een klein fort bouwen dat de naam Fort Orange kreeg. Hier verbleven ongeveer achttien families.[30]Brodhead, J.R., History of the state of New York (New York 1871 || 150-191
- user-generated source]
- ^ Rabushka, Alwina Taxation in Colonial America
- ISBN 0-910746-98-2(Hope Farm Press, 3rd ed, 2001 ||
- ^ "Communipaw". Archived from the original on 2016-06-04. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
- OCLC 542679., excerpted at The Bronx... Its History & Perspective
- ^ O’Callaghan, Edmund B, Bertold Fer|| ed., Documents relative to the colonial history of the state of New York (Albany 1856-1887 || Book II, Chapter II, PartIV "The History of New York State, Book II, Chapter II, Part IV". Archived from the original on 2009-02-14. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
- ^ Land Grants 1630-1664, N - U
- ^ Long Island Section – Maspeth Archived 2012-06-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Maspeth, Queens County, New York
- ^ History of Hempstead Village
- ^ Site Of Fort Casimir Archived 2010-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ BROOKLYN NEIGHBORHOODS.. Present & Past. Retrieved December 21, 2006.
- ^ a b Dutch Colonization
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-08-30. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ The Old Dutch Reformed Church
- ^ "Rye Historical Society - Timothy Knapp House". Archived from the original on 2008-08-23. Retrieved 2008-12-27.
- ^ Staff. "HUGUENOTS WILL STAGE STATEN ISLAND FETE; Will Celebrate Today Settlement of Old Town in 1661-- Gov. Roosevelt Invited.", The New York Times, June 28, 1931. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
- ^ New Paltz Reformed Church – Church History
- ^ Hackensack First Reformed
- ^ a b "New Jersey Historical Society". Archived from the original on 2016-06-24. Retrieved 2018-11-05.
- ^ Tappan: A Walk Through History
- ^ http://www.oldbrickchurch.org/history.html[permanent dead link]
- ^ Belleville Second Reformed
- ^ Our Historic Church – Six Mile Run Reformed Church Archived 2011-07-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Home
- ^ a b "Our History". Frishkill Reformed Church. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
By 1716 they wanted their own Dutch Reformed church so they would not have to cross the river to Kingston or New Paltz to worship. In that year two congregations were established on October 10th: one in Poughkeepsie and one in Fishkill. Poughkeepsie's church building was finished in 1723
- ^ First Reformed Church — New Brunswick, New Jersey Archived 2012-07-07 at archive.today
- ^ Schaghticoke
- ^ "Readington Reformed Church".
- ^ "A Brief History of Fairfield Reformed Church". Retrieved 2011-07-27.
- ^ Old Fort Herkimer Church, First Settlers
- ^ "Paramus Reformed Church". New Jersey Churchscape. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
- ^ http://www.fortklock.com/StoneArabia.htm
- ^ Harlingen Church
- ^ Rhinebeck Reformed Church
- ^ Pompton Plains Reformed
- ^ The Story of Old Fort Plain
- ^ Dutch Reformed Church Records Clarkstown New York
- ^ The Reformed Dutch Churches of Paterson, NJ (1930) - Passaic County Historical Society Archived 2015-12-19 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Montville Reformed Church History". Archived from the original on 2009-01-25. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
- ^ "History". Archived from the original on 2008-08-28. Retrieved 2009-01-13.
- ^ New Hackensack Reformed Church
- ^ Bedminster Reformed
- ^ Ridgefield English NeighborhoodReformed
- ISBN 978-0-8135-1019-4
- ^ Tales and Towns of Northern New Jersey – Google Boeken
- ^ Marriage Records of the Reformed Dutch Church of Kakiat West New Hempstead New York 1774-1898
- ^ "Maddie's Ancestor Search: Kakiat, Rockland Co., NY, Dutch Reformed Church Records: Part 1". 20 January 2011.
- ^ The Reformed Dutch Church Of Hillsdale