OKEANOS
Names | Oversize Kite-craft for Exploration and Astronautics in the Outer Solar system Jupiter Trojan Asteroid Explorer |
---|---|
Mission type | Technology demonstration, Reconnaissance, Possible sample return |
Operator | JAXA |
Mission duration | ≈12 years >30 years for optional sample return |
Spacecraft properties | |
Spacecraft type | Solar sail |
Manufacturer | ISAS and DLR |
Launch mass | 1400 kg |
Landing mass | ≈100 kg |
Payload mass | Spacecraft: 30 kg Lander: 20 kg [1] |
Dimensions | Sail/solar panel: 40×40 m (1600 m2) [2] Lander: 65 × 40 cm [1] |
Power | Max: 5 kW at Jupiter [2] |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 2026 |
Rocket | H-IIA or H3[1] |
Launch site | Tanegashima Space Center |
Contractor | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries |
Jupiter Trojan lander | |
Landing date | 2039 [2] |
Main telescope | |
Wavelengths | Infrared |
Transponders | |
Band | X-band |
Capacity | 16 Kbps [3] |
Large Mission Class |
OKEANOS (Oversize Kite-craft for Exploration and Astronautics in the Outer Solar system) was a proposed mission concept to
OKEANOS was a finalist for Japan's Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS)' 2nd Large Mission Class to be launched in 2026,[2][5][6] and possibly return Trojan asteroid samples to Earth in the 2050s.[6][7] The winning mission was LiteBIRD.
Overview
The OKEANOS mission was a concept first proposed in 2010 to fly together with the Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter (JMO) as part of the cancelled Europa Jupiter System Mission – Laplace.[8]
In its latest formulation, the OKEANOS mission and LiteBIRD were the two finalists of Japan's Large Mission Class by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. LiteBIRD, a cosmic microwave background astronomy telescope, was selected.[9]
Analyzing the composition of the
Spacecraft
The spacecraft was projected to have a mass of about 1,285 kg (2,833 lb) including a possible lander
Solar sail and solar panels
The unique proposed sail was a hybrid that would have provided both photon propulsion and electric power. JAXA referred to the system as a Solar Power Sail.
The spacecraft would have used solar sail technology initially developed for the successful
Ion engine
The
Lander
Lander |
Parameter/units[1] |
---|---|
Mass | ≤ 100 kg (220 lb) |
Dimensions | Cylindrical: 65 cm diameter 40 cm height |
Power | Non-rechargeable battery |
Instruments (≤ 20 kg) |
|
Sampling | Pneumatic Depth: ≤1 m |
The mission concept considered several scenarios, targets, and architectures. The most ambitious scenario contemplated in situ analysis and a sample-return using a lander. This lander concept was a collaboration among the
If a sample-return was to be performed, the lander would have taken off then, rendezvous and deliver the surface and subsurface samples to the mothership hovering above (at 50 km) for subsequent delivery to Earth within a reentry capsule.[5][3] The lander would have been discarded after the sample transfer.
Conceptual scientific payload
- On the lander
- [1]
- Mass spectrometer
- Hyperspectral microscope
- Hyperspectral panoramic imager
- Optical navigation camera
- Laser rangefinder
- Fluxgate 3-axis magnetometer
- Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS)
- Surface and subsurface sampler
- On the spacecraft
- Exo-Zodiacal Infrared Telescope (EXZIT) is a 10 cm-diameter telescope.[2][21]
- Gamma-rayburst polarimeter (GAP-2)
- Monostatic radar to image the body's internal structures [22]
- Attached to the sail
- [2]
- Arrayed Large-area Dust Detectors (ALDN-2)
- Magnetic Field Experiment (MGF-2) is a fluxgate magnetometer
GAP-2 and EXZIT were instruments for astronomical observations, and were not intended to be used for studying Trojan asteroids. The two would have conducted opportunistic surveys, taking advantage of the mission's trajectory. GAP-2 would have made it possible to locate the position of Gamma-ray bursts with high precision by pairing it with terrestrial observatories. EXZIT, as zodiacal light gets significantly weak beyond the asteroid belt, would have enabled the telescope to observe the cosmic infrared background. MGF-2 was a possible a successor of the MGF instrument on board the Arase satellite, and ALADDIN-2, GAP-2 were possible successors of the respective instruments onboard IKAROS.
See also
- CubeSail – Planned solar sail spacecraft
- DESTINY+ – Planned asteroid flyby mission by JAXA, using solar electric propulsion
- IKAROS – First interplanetary solar sail spacecraft
- LightSail 2– LEO solar sailing demo project
- Lucy (spacecraft)
- NanoSail-D2 – Satellite designed to test concept of solar sails
- Near-Earth Asteroid Scout – Solar sail spacecraft
- Lunar Flashlight – Lunar orbiter by NASA
References
- ^ a b c d e f g SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION IN THE SOLAR POWER SAIL OKEANOS MISSION TO A JUPITER TROJAN ASTEROID T. Okada, T. Iwata, J. Matsumoto, T. Chujo, Y. Kebukawa, J. Aoki, Y. Kawai, S. Yokota, Y. Saito, K. Terada, M. Toyoda, M. Ito, H. Yabuta, H. Yurimoto, C. Okamoto, S. Matsuura, K. Tsumura, D. Yonetoku, T. Mihara, A. Matsuoka, R. Nomura, H. Yano, T. Hirai, R. Nakamura, S. Ulamec, R. Jaumann, J.-P. Bibring, N. Grand, C. Szopa, E. Palomba, J. Helbert, A. Herique, M. Grott, H. U. Auster, G. Klingelhoefer, T. Saiki, H. Kato, O. Mori, J. Kawaguchi; 49th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2018 (LPI Contrib. No. 2083)
- ^ a b c d e f g h INVESTIGATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM DISK STRUCTURE DURING THE CRUISING PHASE OF THE SOLAR POWER SAIL MISSION T. Iwata, T. Okada, S. Matsuura, K. Tsumura, H. Yano, T. Hirai, A. Matsuoka, R. Nomura, D. Yonetoku, T. Mihara, Y. Kebukawa, M. ito, M. Yoshikawa, J. Matsu-moto, T. Chujo, and O. Mori; 49th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2018 (LPI Contrib. No. 2083)
- ^ a b c d e f Direct Exploration of Jupiter Trojan Asteroid using Solar Power Sail Archived 5 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine Osamu Mori, Hideki Kato, et al. 2017
- ^ a b c d Sampling Scenario for the Trojan Asteroid Exploration Mission Archived 2017-12-31 at the Wayback Machine Jun Matsumoto, Jun Aoki, Yuske Oki, Hajime Yano; 2015
- ^ a b c Trajectory Design for Jovian Trojan Asteroid Exploration via Solar Power Sail Archived 31 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Takanao Saiki, Osam Mori The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), JAXA 2017
- ^ a b c d e JAXA Sail to Jupiter's Trojan Asteroids Paul Gilster, Centauri Dreams 15 March 2017
- ^ a b c Huge sail will power JAXA mission to Trojan asteroids and back Shusuke Murai, The Japan Times 21 July 2016
- ^ Sasaki, Shio (2010). "Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter and Trojan Asteroid Explorer" (PDF). COSPAR. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ Roadmap 2017 — Fundamental Concepts for Promoting Large Scientific Research Projects 28 July 2017
- ^ a b The Solar Power Sail Mission to Jupiter Trojans Archived 2015-12-31 at the Wayback Machine The 10th IAA International Conference on Low-Cost Planetary Missions 19 June 2013
- Bibcode:2018cosp...42E2497O.
- S2CID 115434656.
- S2CID 125367559.
- ^ ISAS Small Body Exploration Strategy Archived 12 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine Lunar and Planetary Laboratory The University of Arizona-JAXA Workshop (2017)
- ^ a b c IKAROS and Solar Power Sail - Craft Missions for Outer Planetary Region Exploration Archived 2017-01-26 at the Wayback Machine J. Kawaguchi (JAXA) 15 June 2015
- doi:10.2514/1.A34165
- ^ Lineup of Microwave Discharge Ion Engines JAXA
- ^ a b c Mission Analysis of Sample Return from Jovian Trojan Asteroid by Solar Power Sail Jun Matsumoto, Ryu Funase, et al. Trans. JSASS Aerospace Tech. Japan Vol. 12, No. ists29, pp. Pk_43-Pk_50, 2014
- ^ Science experiments on a Jupiter Trojan asteroid on the solar powered sail mission (PDF). O. Mori, T. Okada1, et al. 47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2016).
- ^ Trojan asteroid probe (in Japanese) JAXA
- ^ EXZIT Telescope JAXA
- ^ Jupiter Trojan's shallow subsurface: direct observations by radar on board OKEANOS mission Alain Herique, Pierre Beck, Patrick Michel, Wlodek Kofman, Atsushi Kumamoto, Tatsuaki Okada, Dirk Plettemeier; EPSC Abstracts Vol. 12, EPSC2018-526, 2018 European Planetary Science Congress 2018