Kubitzki system
The Kubitzki system is a
states, in his Introduction on page xi of the 2008 edition, that the Kubitzki system "has remained the standard to which other literature is compared".In
molecular phylogenetic studies
.
The first volume of the series (Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms) covered
monocotyledons. Volumes 8–12 and 14 deal with eudicots
.
Because it is the result of a work in progress, the Kubitzki system is incomplete for those groups of
DNA sequences. The classification of ferns has been completely overhauled in that time.[4][5] And some of the gymnosperm families have been revised.[6][7]
For the flowering plants, the later volumes of the Kubitzki System follows the
APG III system), except for the recognition of smaller families. (For a complete listing of all volumes, see Klaus Kubitzki
)
Classification
Summary
Divisions
- Pteridophyta
- Pinophyta
- subdivision Coniferophytina
- subdivision Cycadophytina
- Magnoliophyta
- class Monocotyledoneae
- class Dicotyledoneae
- class
Pteridophyta
- 1 division Pteridophyta
- 1 class Psilotatae
- 2 class Lycopodiatae
- Isoetaceae
- Lycopodiaceae
- Selaginellaceae
- 3 class Equisetatae
- 4 class Filicatae
- Aspleniaceae
- Azollaceae
- Blechnaceae
- Cheiropleuriaceae
- Cyatheaceae
- Davalliaceae
- Dennstaedtiaceae
- Dicksoniaceae
- Dipteridaceae
- Dryopteridaceae
- Gleicheniaceae
- Grammitidaceae
- Hymenophyllaceae
- Hymenophyllopsidaceae
- Lomariopsidaceae
- Lophosoriaceae
- Loxsomataceae
- Marattiaceae
- Marsileaceae
- Matoniaceae
- Metaxyaceae
- Monachosoraceae
- Nephrolepidaceae
- Oleandraceae
- Ophioglossaceae
- Osmundaceae
- Plagiogyriaceae
- Polypodiaceae
- Pteridaceae
- Salviniaceae
- Schizaeaceae
- Thelypteridaceae
- Vittariaceae
Pinophyta
- 2 division Gymnospermae
- 1 subdivision Coniferophytina
- 1 class Ginkgoatae
- 2 class Pinatae
- 1 order Pinales
- Araucariaceae
- Pinaceae
- Sciadopityaceae
- Taxodiaceae
- Cupressaceae
- Phyllocladaceae
- Podocarpaceae
- 2 order Taxales
- Cephalotaxaceae
- Taxaceae
- 1 order Pinales
- 2 subdivision Cycadophytina
- 1 class Cycadatae
- order Cycadales
- Boweniaceae
- Cycadaceae
- Stangeriaceae
- Zamiaceae
- order
- 2 class Gnetatae
- order Gnetales
- Ephedraceae
- Welwitschiaceae
- Gnetaceae
- order
- 1 class Cycadatae
Magnoliophyta
- 3 division Angiospermae
- subdivision Magnoliophytina
Monocotyledoneae
- 1 class Monocotyledoneae or Liliopsida [complete] (with Rolf Dahlgren's collaboration)
- 1 class
4 Superorders
- Acoranae
- Alismatanae
- Lilianae
- Commelinanae
Acoranae
- 1 superorder Acoranae
- Acoraceae
- Not included in any order
- 1 superorder Acoranae
Alismatanae
- 2 superorder Alismatanae
- 1 order Arales
- Araceae
- Lemnaceae
- 2 order Alismatales
- Butomaceae
- Alismataceae
- Limnocharitaceae
- Hydrocharitaceae
- Najadaceae
- Aponogetonaceae
- Scheuchzeriaceae
- Juncaginaceae
- Potamogetonaceae
- Ruppiaceae
- Posidoniaceae
- Zosteraceae
- Zannichelliaceae
- Cymodoceaceae
- 1 order Arales
- 2 superorder
Lilianae
- 3 superorder Lilianae
- 1 order Liliales
- Campynemataceae
- Luzuriagaceae
- Alstroemeriaceae
- Colchicaceae
- Melanthiaceae
- Trilliaceae
- Liliaceae
- Calochortaceae
- Petermanniaceae
- Smilacaceae
- Philesiaceae
- 2 order Asparagales
- Orchidaceae
- Iridaceae
- Doryanthaceae
- Lanariaceae
- Ixioliriaceae
- Hypoxidaceae
- Johnsoniaceae
- Hemerocallidaceae
- Tecophilaeaceae
- Blandfordiaceae
- Asteliaceae
- Boryaceae
- Asphodelaceae
- Xanthorrhoeaceae
- Aphyllanthaceae
- Anemarrhenaceae
- Amaryllidaceae
- Agapanthaceae
- Alliaceae
- Themidaceae
- Asparagaceae
- Hyacinthaceae
- Lomandraceae
- Herreriaceae
- Hostaceae
- Anthericaceae
- Agavaceae
- Eriospermaceae
- Ruscaceae
- Behniaceae
- Dracaenaceae
- Convallariaceae
- Nolinaceae
- 3 order Triuridales
- 4 order Dioscoreales
- Dioscoreaceae
- Trichopodaceae
- Taccaceae
- Burmanniaceae
- Corsiaceae
- 5 order Pandanales
- Pandanaceae
- Cyclanthaceae
- Velloziaceae
- Acanthochlamydaceae
- Stemonaceae
- Pentastemonaceae
- 1 order Liliales
- 3 superorder Lilianae
Commelinanae
- 4 superorder Commelinanae
- 1 order Principes
- Palmae
- 2 order Dasypogonales
- 3 order Bromeliales
- Bromeliaceae
- ?Rapateaceae (see also Xyridales)
- 4 order Commelinales
- 5 order Xyridales
- Mayacaceae
- Xyridaceae
- Eriocaulaceae
- ?Rapateaceae
- 6 order Zingiberales
- Musaceae
- Strelitziaceae
- Lowiaceae
- Heliconiaceae
- Costaceae
- Zingiberaceae
- Cannaceae
- Marantaceae
- ?Hanguanaceae(possibly related to Zingiberales or Commelinales)
- 7 order Typhales
- 8 order Juncales
- 9 order Poales
- Flagellariaceae
- Restionaceae
- Ecdeiocoleaceae
- Anarthriaceae
- Centrolepidaceae
- Joinvilleaceae
- Poaceae
- incertae sedis in monocots
- 1 order
- 4 superorder
Dicotyledoneae
- 2 class Dicotyledoneae or Magnoliopsida[incomplete]
- 1 subclass Magnoliidae
- 1 superorder Magnolianae(lower magnoliids)
- 1 order Magnoliales
- Himantandraceae
- Eupomatiaceae
- Austrobaileyaceae
- Degeneriaceae
- Magnoliaceae
- Annonaceae
- Myristicaceae
- ?Canellaceae
- ?Lactoridaceae
- Amborellaceae
- Trimeniaceae
- Chloranthaceae
- Monimiaceae
- Gomortegaceae
- Lauraceae
- Hernandiaceae
- Calycanthaceae
- 2 order Illiciales
- 3 order Aristolochiales
- Aristolochiaceae
- Hydnoraceae
- ?Rafflesiaceae
- 4 order Piperales
- 1 order Magnoliales
- 2 superorder Ranunculanae(higher magnoliids)
- 1 order Nelumbonales
- 2 order Ranunculales
- Lardizabalaceae
- Berberidaceae
- Menispermaceae
- Ranunculaceae
- ?Circaeasteraceae
- Pteridophyllaceae
- Papaveraceae
- Fumariaceae
- 1 order
- 3 superorder Nymphaeanae
- 4 superorder Caryophyllanae
- order Caryophyllales (including.:Centrospermae Eichler)
- Family with an asterisk: *, included in Expanded Caryophyllales in Volume V.
- Family with the sign +, only recognized in Volume V, but not in Volume II.
- Nepenthaceae*
- Droseraceae *
- Drosophyllaceae*
- Simmondsiaceae *
- Rhabdodendraceae*
- Asteropeiaceae*
- Physenaceae*
- Ancistrocladaceae*
- Dioncophyllaceae *
- Frankeniaceae*
- Tamaricaceae *
- clade Centrospermae
- Caryophyllaceae
- Molluginaceae
- Aizoaceae
- Amaranthaceae
- Chenopodiaceae
- Halophytaceae
- Stegnospermaceae
- Achatocarpaceae
- Phytolaccaceae
- Nyctaginaceae
- Cactaceae
- Portulacaceae
- Didiereaceae
- Basellaceae
- Hectorellaceae
- Barbeuiaceae+
- Sarcobataceae+
- Petiveriaceae +
- Agdestidaceae +
- order Caryophyllales (including.:Centrospermae Eichler)
- 5 superorder Hamamelidanae
- 1 order Trochodendrales
- Trochodendraceae
- Eupteleaceae
- Cercidiphyllaceae
- ?Myrothamnaceae
- 2 order Hamamelidales
- 3 order Fagales
- Fagaceae
- Betulaceae
- Ticodendraceae
- 4 order Juglandales
- Rhoipteleaceae
- Juglandaceae
- Myricaceae
- 5 order ?Casuarinales
- 1 order
- 6 superorder Polygonanae
- order Polygonales
- 7 superorder Plumbaginanae
- order Plumbaginales
- 8 superorder Malvanae
- 1 superorder
- 1 subclass Magnoliidae
- 2 class
In volumes 5,6,7,8 no groups above the taxonomic rank of order were recognized.
- order Capparales
- Bataceae
- Salvadoraceae
- Tropaeolaceae
- Limnanthaceae
- Caricaceae
- Moringaceae
- Setchellanthaceae
- Akaniaceae
- Gyrostemonaceae
- Resedaceae
- Pentadiplandraceae
- Tovariaceae
- Koeberliniaceae
- Cruciferae or Brassicaceae
- Capparaceae
- Emblingiaceae
- order Capparales
- Not placed in any order, but related to Capparales
- order Celastrales
- order Oxalidales
- Oxalidaceae
- Connaraceae
- Cephalotaceae
- Brunelliaceae
- Cunoniaceae
- Elaeocarpaceae
- order Rosales (# revised position, formerly in Urticales in Vol. 2)
- Rosaceae (including Guamatela)
- Dirachmaceae
- Rhamnaceae
- Barbeyaceae#
- Elaeagnaceae
- Ulmaceae #
- Moraceae #
- Cecropiaceae (including Cannabaceae) #
- Urticaceae #
- order Cornales
- Hydrostachyaceae
- Curtisiaceae
- Grubbiaceae
- Cornaceae
- Hydrangeaceae
- Loasaceae
- order Ericales
- Theophrastaceae
- Samolaceae
- Maesaceae
- Myrsinaceae
- Primulaceae
- Actinidiaceae
- Balsaminaceae
- Marcgraviaceae
- Pellicieraceae
- Tetrameristaceae
- Ericaceae
- Clethraceae
- Cyrillaceae
- Roridulaceae
- Sarraceniaceae
- Diapensiaceae
- Lissocarpaceae
- Polemoniaceae
- Fouquieriaceae
- Scytopetalaceae
- Lecythidaceae
- Napoleonaeaceae
- Styracaceae
- Ebenaceae
- Sladeniaceae
- Theaceae
- Ternstroemiaceae
- Sapotaceae
- Symplocaceae
- order Lamiales
- Bignoniaceae
- Buddlejaceae
- Byblidaceae
- Callitrichaceae
- Carlemanniaceae
- Cyclocheilaceae
- Gesneriaceae
- Globulariaceae
- Hippuridaceae
- Labiatae
- Lentibulariaceae
- Martyniaceae
- Myoporaceae
- Nesogenaceae
- Oleaceae
- Pedaliaceae
- Phrymaceae
- Plantaginaceae
- Plocospermataceae
- Scrophulariaceae
- Stilbaceae
- Tetrachondraceae
- Trapellaceae
- Verbenaceae
- order Asterales
- Alseuosmiaceae
- Argophyllaceae
- Compositae or Asteraceae
- subfamily Barnadesioideae
- subfamily Mutisioideae
- subfamily Carduoideae
- subfamily Cichorioideae
- subfamily Asteroideae
- Calyceraceae
- Campanulaceae
- Carpodetaceae
- Goodeniaceae
- Menyanthaceae
- Pentaphragmataceae
- Phellinaceae
- Rousseaceae
- Stylidiaceae
In volume 9 the supraordinal groups Rosidae and Asteridae were recognized.
- Not included in any order
- Sabiaceae
- order Proteales
- Proteaceae
- Platanaceae (revised position, formerly in Hamamelidales in Vol. 2)
- Nelumbonalesin Vol. 2)
- order Buxales
- Buxaceae
- Didymelaceae
- order Gunnerales
- Gunneraceae
- Trochodendralesin Vol. 2)
- order Proteales
- Sabiaceae
- Not included in any order
- Dilleniaceae
- order Saxifragales
- Altingiaceae (newly recognized family, included in Hamamelidaceae in Vol. 2)
- Aphanopetalaceae
- Trochodendralesin Vol. 2)
- Crassulaceae
- Daphniphyllaceae
- Grossulariaceae
- Haloragaceae
- Hamamelidaceae (revised position, formerly in Hamamelidales in Vol. 2)
- Iteaceae
- Paeoniaceae
- Penthoraceae
- Peridiscaceae (except Medusandra)
- Pterostemonaceae
- Saxifragaceae
- Tetracarpaeaceae
- order Vitales
- Leeaceae
- Vitaceae
- order Zygophyllales
- Krameriaceae
- Zygophyllaceae
- order Saxifragales
- Dilleniaceae
- Not included in any order
- Huaceae
- order Geraniales
- Geraniaceae
- Ledocarpaceae
- Melianthaceae
- order Crossosomatales (Guamatela placed in Rosaceae in volume 6)
- Aphloiaceae
- Crossosomataceae
- Geissolomataceae
- Ixerbaceae
- Stachyuraceae
- Staphyleaceae
- Strasburgeraceae
- order Geraniales
- Huaceae
- Not included in any order
- Picramniaceae
- order Berberidopsidales
- Aextoxicaceae
- Berberidopsidaceae
- order Berberidopsidales
- Picramniaceae
- Not included in any order
In volume 10 are treated the Orders Sapindales and Cucurbitales; and the Myrtaceae Family (belonging to Myrtales).
- order Sapindales
- Biebersteiniaceae
- Nitrariaceae
- Tetradiclidaceae
- Sapindaceae
- Kirkiaceae
- Anacardiaceae
- Burseraceae
- Rutaceae
- Simaroubaceae
- Meliaceae
- order Cucurbitales
- Anisophylleaceae
- Coriariaceae
- Corynocarpaceae
- Cucurbitaceae
- Datiscaceae
- Begoniaceae
- order Myrtales
- order Sapindales
See also
References
- ^ Klaus Kubitzki (general editor). 1990 onward. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany.
- ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
- ^ Kenneth J. Wurdack and Charles C. Davis. 2009. "Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life." American Journal of Botany 96(8):1551-1570.
- ISBN 978-0-521-87411-3
- doi:10.2307/25065646
- ISBN 978-0-88192-974-4.
- ^ Aljos Farjon. 2008. A Natural History of Conifers. Timber Press: Portland, OR, USA.