Palikur

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the language, see Palikúr language.
Palikur
Pa’ikwaki language,
French Guianese Creole
Religion
Animism (traditionally) and Pentecostalism

The Palikur are an indigenous people located in the riverine areas of the

Oyapock River
. The Palikur Nation, or naoné, is Arawak-speaking and socially organized in clans. In 2015, the estimated population was 2,300 people of which 1,400 lived in Brazil and 900 in French Guiana.

Names

The Palikur people are also known as the Paricuria, Paricores, Palincur, Parikurene, Parinkur-Iéne, Païkwené,[2] Pa'ikwené, Aricours, Aukuyene, Karipúna-Palikúr, Palicur, Palijur, Palikour, Paricura, Paricuri, or Parucuria people.

History

The location of the Palikur near the mouths of the

Galibi
, and resisted missionary activities. The Palikur were also embroiled in the protracted colonial rivalry between Portugal and France for control of the region, extending south of Ile de Cayenne (French Guiana) into what today constitutes the Brazilian state of Amapá. A Portuguese expedition of the late 18th century burned all Indian villages in the territory, which was then under French influence, and deported the Palikur, who had become allies with the French, into the interior of Brazil. Consequently, the Palikur remained isolated for much of the next century. After Amapá was finally conceded to Brazil in 1900, some 200 to 300 Palikur chose to move from Brazil to French Guiana, where they had long enjoyed good relations with the Créole population.

Prejudice against indigenous peoples of Brazil was strong among non-natives. The Palikur had not forgotten their ancestors' enslavement by the Portuguese. In 1942 the

FUNAI, and as they began converting to Pentecostalism
, did the Palikur became more responsive to the Brazilian government.

Settlements

class=notpageimage|
Location of the Palikur settlements on the map of Amapá, Brazil. Green are minority settlements.

The area around the

Uaçá Galibi, and the Karipuna do Amapá.[4]

The main settlement of the Palikur is Kumenê. Other settlements in Brazil are Kuahi, Ywawka, Flecha, Mangue 1, Mangue 2, Tawari, Amomni, Kwikwit, Pwaytyeket, Kamuywa, and Urubu.[1]

The Palikur in French Guiana mainly live on the

Régina, Roura, Lamirande near Balata, and the neighbourhood of l’îlet Malouin in Cayenne.[6]

Language

The main language is the Palikúr language, both on the Brazilian and French side, French Guianese Creole is used as the common language between tribes or with the local population. Knowledge of French and Portuguese is common. Palikúr is considered endangered in French Guiana, and vulnerable in Brazil.[7][8]

Economy

The Palikur subsist largely on bow and arrow

manioc flour. In the 1940s and 1950s an intense commerce with alligator skins took place, until the alligator population was depleted. The Palikur manufacture objects of wood, bone, feathers, and cotton seed. They are also regionally famous for their basket-ware. Shotguns for hunting and harpoons and cotton fishing
lines are being widely used at the present. In French Guiana particularly, a growing number of Palikur are engaging in the market-economy.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Elissandra (26 November 2015). "Documentation of Palikur Arawak language". University of Pennsylvania.
  2. ^ a b "Palikur: Introduction." Povos Indígenas no Brasil (retrieved 4 Dec 2011)
  3. ^ Martijn van den Bel (2009). "The Palikur Potters: an ethnoarchaeological case study on the Palikur pottery tradition in French-Guiana and Amapá, Brazil" (PDF). Cayenne: Institute National de Recherches Archéologiques. p. 41.
  4. ^ "Palikur". Socio Ambiental. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  5. PMID 29690891
    .
  6. ^ "Palikur". Populations de Guyane (in French). Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  7. doi:10.4000/ethnoecologie.2701
    .
  8. ^ "Le palikur". Sorosoro (in French). Retrieved 27 March 2021.

References