Pentium II
Pentium MMX | |
Successor(s) | Pentium III (SSE successor), Celeron, Pentium 4 (SSE2 successor) |
---|---|
Support status | |
Unsupported |
The Pentium II
In 1998, Intel stratified the Pentium II family by releasing the Pentium II-based
In February 1999, the Pentium II was replaced by the nearly identical Pentium III, which only added the then-new SSE instruction set. However, the older family would continue to be produced until June 2001 for desktop units,[3] September 2001 for mobile units,[4] and the end of 2003 for embedded devices.[1]
Overview
The Pentium II microprocessor was largely based upon the microarchitecture of its predecessor, the Pentium Pro, but with some significant improvements.[5]
Unlike previous Pentium and Pentium Pro processors, the Pentium II CPU was packaged in a
This larger package was a compromise allowing Intel to separate the secondary cache from the processor while still keeping it on a closely coupled back-side bus. The L2 cache ran at half the processor's clock frequency, unlike the Pentium Pro, whose off die L2 cache ran at the same frequency as the processor. However, its associativity was increased to 16-way (compared to 4-way on the Pentium Pro) and its size was always 512 KB, twice of the smallest option of 256 KB on the Pentium Pro. Off-package cache solved the Pentium Pro's low yield issues, allowing Intel to introduce the Pentium II at a mainstream price level.[7][8]
Intel improved
The Pentium II was a more consumer-oriented version of the Pentium Pro. It was cheaper to manufacture because of the separate, slower L2 cache memory. The improved 16-bit performance and MMX support made it a better choice for consumer-level operating systems, such as Windows 9x, and multimedia applications. The slower and cheaper L2 cache's performance penalty was mitigated by the doubled L1 cache and architectural improvements for legacy code. General processor performance was increased while costs were cut.[7][12]
All Klamath and some early Deschutes Pentium IIs use a combined L2 cache controller /
Variants
Klamath
The original Klamath Pentium II microprocessor (Intel product code 80522) ran at 233, 266, and 300
On July 14, 1997, Intel announced a version of the Pentium II Klamath with 2× 72-bit ECC L2 cache for entry-level servers, as opposed to the 2× 64-bit non-ECC L2 cache on regular models.[18] The extra bits give it error-correction capability built into hardware, without impacting performance. The variant can be determined through the CPU part number.
In Intel's "Family/Model/Stepping" scheme, Klamath CPUs are family 6, model 3.
Deschutes
The Deschutes core Pentium II (80523), which debuted at 333 MHz in January 1998, was produced with a 0.25
Concurrent with the release of Deschutes cores supporting a 100 MT/s front-side bus was Intel's release of the
While Klamath features 4 cache chips and simulates dual-porting through interleaving (2x 64-bit) for a slight performance improvement on concurrent accesses, Deschutes only sports 2 cache chips and offers slightly lower L2 cache performance at the same clockspeed. Furthermore, Deschutes always features ECC-enabled L2 cache.[20]
The
In Intel's "Family/Model/Stepping" scheme, Deschutes CPUs are family 6, model 5 and have the part number 80523.
Pentium II OverDrive
In 1998, the 0.25 μm Deschutes core was utilized in the creation of the
In Intel's "Family/Model/Stepping" scheme, the Pentium II OverDrive CPU identifies itself as family 6, model 3, though this is misleading, as it is not based on the family 6/model 3 Klamath core. As mentioned in the Pentium II Processor update documentation from Intel, "although this processor has a CPUID of 163xh, it uses a Pentium II processor CPUID 065xh processor core."[23]
Tonga
The 0.25 μm Tonga core was the first mobile Pentium II and had all of the features of the desktop models.
In Intel's "Family/Model/Stepping" scheme, Tonga CPUs are family 6, model 5.
Dixon
Later, in 1999, the 0.25; 0.18 (400 MHz) μm Dixon core with 256 KB of on-die full speed cache was produced for the mobile market. Reviews showed that the Dixon core was the fastest type of Pentium II produced.[15]
In Intel's "Family/Model/Stepping" scheme, Dixon CPUs are family 6, model 6 and their Intel product code is 80524. These identifiers are shared with the Mendocino
Core specifications
Desktop
Klamath (80522)
- L1 cache: 16 + 16 KB (Data + Instructions)
- L2 cache: 512 KB, as external chips on the CPU module clocked at half the CPU frequency.
- Packaging: Slot 1 module
- MMX
- GTL+
- VCore: 2.8 V
- Process: 350 nm CMOS
- First release: May 7, 1997
- Clockrate: 233, 266, 300 MHz
Deschutes (80523)
- L1 cache: 16 + 16 KB (Data + Instructions)
- L2 cache: 512 KB, as external chips on the CPU module clocked at half the CPU frequency.
- Packaging: Slot 1 module
- MMX
- GTL+
- VCore: 2.0 V
- Process: 250 nm CMOS
- First release: January 26, 1998
- Clockrate: 266–450 MHz
- 66 MT/s FSB : 266, 300, 333 MHz
- 100 MT/s FSB: 350, 400, 450 MHz
Deschutes (Pentium II Overdrive)
- L1 cache: 16 + 16 KB (Data + Instructions)
- L2 cache: 512 KB external chip on CPU module running at 100% of CPU speed
- Socket: Socket 8
- GTL+
- VCore: 3.1–3.3 V (Has on-board voltage regulator)
- Fabrication: 250 nm
- Based on the Deschutes-generation Pentium II
- First release: 1998
- Supports MMX technology
- The sSpec number SL2KE denotes a Pentium II Overdrive sold with an integrated heatsink/fan combination for Socket 8. [Note that the sSpec number SL2EA denotes a Pentium II Overdrive sold with an integrated heatsink but no fan for Slot 1.]
Mobile
Tonga (80523)
Mobile Pentium II
- L1 cache: 16 + 16 KB (Data + Instructions)
- L2 cache: 512 KB, as external chips on the CPU module clocked at half the CPU frequency.
- Package: MMC-1, MMC-2, Mini-Cartridge
- MMX
- GTL+
- VCore: 1.6 V
- Process: 250 μm CMOS
- First release: April 2, 1998
- Clockrate: 233, 266, 300 MHz
Dixon (80524)
Mobile Pentium II PE ("Performance Enhanced")
- L1 cache: 16 + 16 KB (Data + Instructions)
- L2 cache: 256 KB, on-die, full speed.
- Package: μPGA1PPGA-B615
- MMX
- GTL+
- VCore: 1.5, 1.55, 1.6, 2.0 V
- Process: 250, 180 (400 MHz) nm CMOS
- First release: January 25, 1999
- Clockrate: 266, 300, 333, 366, 400 MHz
- Containing 27.4 million transistors
- Die size (semiconductor chip) is 10.36 mm x 17.36 mm = 179.8496 mm2
See also
- List of Intel Pentium II microprocessors
- Intel Celeron
References
- ^ a b "Product Change Notification #102659-02" (PDF). Intel. August 14, 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 20, 2003. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- ^ "Microprocessor Hall of Fame". Intel. Archived from the original on July 6, 2007. Retrieved August 11, 2007.
- ^ "Product Change Notification #896" (PDF). Intel. January 14, 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 30, 2000. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- ^ "Product Change Notification #954" (PDF). Intel. March 13, 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 15, 2000. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- ^ "MMX Microarchitecture of Pentium Processors With MMX Technology and Pentium II Microprocessors" (PDF). Intel Technology Journal: 5. 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 12, 2011. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
- ^ Pabst, Thomas. Intel's Slot 1 CPUs Uncovered, Tom's Hardware, May 3, 1998.
- ^ a b c d Pabst, Thomas. The Intel Pentium II ('Klamath') CPU, Tom's Hardware, March 1, 1997.
- ^ Lal Shimpi, Anand. Intel Pentium II, Anandtech, May 30, 1997.
- ^ "Partial Register Stall". qcd.phys.cmu.edu. Archived from the original on January 6, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
- ^ "Pentium II Processor Developer's Manual" (PDF). 1997. pp. 2–14. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
- ^ [1], PC Guide, accessed July 16, 2016.
- ^ Pabst, Thomas. The Empire Strikes Back: Intel's Pentium II CPU, Tom's Hardware, April 30, 1997.
- ^ [2], Tom's Hardware, accessed July 16, 2016.
- ^ [3], PC Guide, accessed July 16, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e IA-32 implementation Intel P2 (incl. Celeron and Xeon) Archived 2007-09-27 at archive.today, SandPile.org, accessed May 5, 2007.
- ^ Intel 440FX, PCGuide, accessed May 5, 2007.
- ^ Intel 440LX, PCGuide, accessed May 5, 2007.
- ^ [4], Intel, accessed February 4, 2017.
- ^ "EE Times - News". Archived from the original on December 5, 1998. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Heise Verlag: 122. Archivedfrom the original on February 22, 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
- ^ Pabst, Thomas. Intel's Pentium II Xeon Processor, Tom's Hardware, July 2, 1998.
- ^ Wayback machine archive of Heise, accessed June 17, 2009
- ^ "Specification Update for the Pentium II Processor" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 31, 2011.
External links
- Listing of various PII, PIII, and Celeron alphanumeric model designations
- CPU-INFO: Intel Pentium II, indepth processor history
- Construction Analysis: Intel 266MHz 32-Bit Pentium II (Klamath) Processor, Integrated Circuit Engineering Corporation
Intel datasheets