Phytolacca
Phytolacca | |
---|---|
Phytolacca acinosa foliage and fruit | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Phytolaccaceae |
Subfamily: | Phytolaccoideae |
Genus: | Phytolacca L.[1] |
Species | |
About 25 to 35 species | |
Synonyms | |
Pircunia Bertero ex Ruschenb.[1] |
Phytolacca is a
The genus comprises about 25 to 35 species of
Selected species
The following species are accepted by one or more regional floras:[5][6][7][8][9][10]
- Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. – Indian poke. Southern and eastern Asia (syn. P. esculenta Van Houtte, P. latbenia (Moq.) Walter). Black and Judziewicz report it in Dane County, Wisconsin in their 2008 and 2009 books (Wildflowers of Wisconsin and the Great Lakes Region. A Comprehensive Field Guide, first and 2nd editions. )
- Phytolacca americana L. – American pokeweed. North America (syn. P. decandra L.)
- Phytolacca australis Phil. – Western South America
- Phytolacca bogotensis Kunth – Tropical and subtropical South America (sometimes included in P. icosandra[9]).
- Phytolacca chilensis Miers – central Chile (possibly synonymous with P. icosandra[9])
- Phytolacca dioica L. – Ombú. Subtropical South America.
- Phytolacca dodecandra L'Hér. – Eastern Africa, Madagascar (syn. P. abyssinica Hoffm.).
- Phytolacca heterotepala H.Walt. – Mexican pokeweed. Mexico.
- Phytolacca icosandra L. – Central and South America.
- Phytolacca japonica Makino – Eastern Asia (syn. P. hunanensis Hand.-Mazz., P. zhejiangensis W.T.Fan).
- Phytolacca octandra L. – Red inkplant. Subtropical and tropical regions worldwide (sometimes included in P. icosandra[8]).
- Phytolacca polyandra Batalin – Central and southwest China (syn. P. clavigera W.W.Smith).
- .
- Phytolacca rivinoides Kunth & C.D.Bouché – Central and South America.
- Phytolacca sandwicensis Endl. – Hawaiian Pokeweed. Hawaii.
- Phytolacca thyrsiflora Fenzl ex J.A.Schmidt – Northern South America.
- Phytolacca weberbaueri H.Walt. – Yumbi. Peru.
Formerly placed here
- Leea asiatica (L.) Ridsdale (as P. asiatica L.)
- Terminalia catappa L. (as P. javanica Osbeck)[8]
Ecology
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2011) |
The ombú (Phytolacca dioica) grows as a tree on the pampas of South America and is one of the few providers of shade on the open grassland. It is a symbol of Uruguay, Argentina and gaucho culture. P. weberbaueri from Peru also grows to tree size. Both species have massively buttressed bases to their trunks, and very soft wood with a high water storage capacity which makes them resistant to grass fires and drought.[11]
In the Pacific Northwest of North America, pokeweed is an invasive species.
Uses
Fossil record
A Phytolacca-like
Notes and references
- ^ a b "Genus: Phytolacca L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1996-09-17. Archived from the original on 2009-01-15. Retrieved 2011-02-03.
- ^ "Poke sallet festival". Archived from the original on 2011-09-07. Retrieved 2011-07-03. Annual Poke Sallet Festival, Harlan, KY
- ^ Ed Dinger "Allen Canning Company". International Directory of Company Histories. FindArticles.com. 15 Apr, 2011. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5202/is_2005/ai_n19123469/
- ISBN 978-0-8493-2677-6.
- ^ a b Flora of China: Phytolacca
- ^ a b Flora of North America: Phytolacca
- ^ a b MacBride, J. F. (1937). Flora of Peru. Publications of Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series. Volume XIII Part II pp. 553–556. University of Illinois. Full text
- ^ a b c "GRIN Species Records of Phytolacca". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2000-10-27. Retrieved 2011-02-03.
- ^ a b c Reiche, K. (undated). Flora de Chile Volume 6 pp. 143–145. Full text
- ^ Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar: Phytolacca
- ^ Armstrong, Wayne. "Pokeweed: An Interesting American Vegetable". Retrieved 2007-07-21.
- ^ Iowa Cooperative Extension Service publication Pm-746 "POKEWEED"
- ^ Adams, Allison. "A Mess of Poke". Retrieved 2011-10-17.
- ^ "Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System". Retrieved 2009-12-03.
- ^ PHYTOLACCACEAE INFRUCTESCENCE FROM CERRO DEL PUEBLO FORMATION, UPPER CRETACEOUS (LATE CAMPANIAN), COAHUILA, MEXICO by Sergio R. S. Cevallos-Ferriz, Emilio Estrada-Ruiz and Balam Rodrigo Pérez-Hernández - American Journal of Botany 95(1): 77–83. 2008
External links
- Big Phytolacca, about 8 ft. high, photograph by Roland M. Harper, DeKalb County, Alabama, 9/26/1948, from the University Libraries Division of Special Collections, The University of Alabama