Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election

Add links
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Number of bills restricting ballot access introduced after the 2020 presidential election as of March 24, 2021.[1]

2020 U.S. presidential election
Attempts to overturn
Democratic Party
Republican Party
Third parties
Related races
← 2016 2020 2024 →

Following the

ballot drop boxes, and allowing for increased purging of voter rolls.[5][6] Republicans in at least eight states have also introduced bills that would give lawmakers greater power over election administration after they were unsuccessful in their attempts to overturn election results in swing states won by Democratic candidate Joe Biden in the 2020 election.[7][8][9][10] The efforts garnered press attention and public outrage from Democrats, and by 2023 Republicans had adopted a more "under the radar" approach to achieve their goals.[11]

Supporters of the bills argue they would improve election security and reverse temporary changes enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic; they point to false claims of significant election fraud, as well as the substantial public distrust of the integrity of the 2020 election those claims have fostered,[a] as reasons to tighten election laws.[14][15][16] Opponents argue that the efforts amount to voter suppression,[17] are intended to advantage Republicans by reducing the number of people who vote,[b][22] and would disproportionately affect minority voters;[23] they point to reports that the 2020 election was one of the most secure in American history[c] to counter claims that election laws need to be tightened and argue that public distrust in the 2020 election arises from falsehoods pushed by Republicans, especially former president Donald Trump.[31][32][33]

The insistence by Trump and Republicans throughout 2021 that the election had been stolen from him by fraud came to be characterized as an implementation of "the big lie" and was also used by Republicans to justify efforts to take control of the administrative management of elections at the state and local level.[34]

Background

Further information:
United States Capitol attack
on January 6, 2021

Historical efforts

For decades, the

voter fraud (which is exceedingly rare in the United States[35][36]) but which critics have alleged are attempts at voter suppression.[37][38][39][40] As summarized by the Associated Press, "stronger voting regulations have long been a conservative goal, driven by old — and some say outdated — conventional wisdom that Republicans thrive in elections with lower turnout, and Democrats in ones with more voters. That has translated to GOP efforts to tighten voter identification laws and require more frequent voter roll purges. Both efforts tend to disproportionally exclude Black and Latino voters, groups that lean Democratic."[41]

In recent history, there have been several waves of increased voter restriction proposals. The first came in the years following the 2000 presidential election when, according to Lawrence Norden, "political operatives realized that small shifts in voting laws could potentially alter the outcome of an election".[42] This was followed by a marked uptick in voting restrictions proposals after 2013, when the Supreme Court struck down the preclearance provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which required southern states with histories of racial discrimination in voting to pre-clear any changes to voting administration with the federal government.[43][44] Finally, there was heightened interest after the 2016 presidential election, which Donald Trump (the winner of the election) baselessly claimed was marred by voter fraud (likely as an attempt to explain away, at first, the expectation that he would be defeated and then, after unexpectedly winning, to explain away his loss in the popular vote[d]).[46][47] Still, the scale and coordination of these efforts were far smaller in comparison to the surge that would follow the 2020 United States presidential election.[48][49]

2020 presidential election

The 2020 election took place during the

mail-in voting (which was seeing significantly increased use in states that already offered no-excuse absentee voting) was expanded in many states.[52][53] In response, incumbent President Donald Trump (who was running for re-election) spent weeks baselessly speculating that mail-in voting would allow the election to be "rigged" against him.[54] This echoed his 2016 strategy of making unfounded and often conspiratorial claims of voter fraud in the 2016 presidential election.[e]

Immediately following the 2020 election,

2021 storming of the United States Capitol, in which supporters of Donald Trump violently stormed and occupied the Capitol building in an unsuccessful attempt to prevent Congress from certifying the results of the Electoral College; for his part, Trump was impeached but not convicted for his role in inciting the mob.[82][83][84]

As a result of this effort, a substantial numbers of Republicans—with some polls indicating well over half—continue to believe that the election was stolen from Donald Trump.

New York Times, "Out of power in both Congress and the White House, the [Republican] party views its path to regaining a foothold in Washington not solely through animated opposition to Mr. Biden's agenda, but rather through an intense focus on re-engineering the voting system in states where it holds control".[6] Additionally, some Republican politicians and conservative commentators have simply argued that fewer people ought to be permitted to vote.[90][91][92]

Altogether, this has led to a concerted effort to enact voting restrictions, particularly on

swing states—especially traditionally red states that swung to Biden in the 2020 election like Georgia and Arizona—as well as in Texas, a red state that has long been viewed as trending towards the Democratic Party.[1][93][94]

Despite no evidence of election fraud surfacing after more than a year since the election, Trump and his supporters continued to insist he won and inverted the narrative to insist that saying he lost was the real "big lie." Some Republican activists continued throughout 2021 to pressure state election officials to examine baseless allegations of fraud, asserting they were acting to protect democracy. Michigan Secretary of State

Timothy Snyder observed: "The lie is so big that it reorders the world. And so part of telling the big lie is that you immediately say it's the other side that tells the big lie. Sadly, but it's just a matter of record, all of that is in Mein Kampf."[95]

State laws

Alabama

Lawmakers in Alabama have introduced more than two dozen election-related bills since the 2020 presidential election,

absentee voting.[97] House Bill 285, for instance, would ban curbside voting (the bill passed the Alabama House of Representatives in a party-line vote on March 18, 2021[98]) while another would shorten the time voters have to mail in absentee applications from five days before an election to 10.[99][100] Republican Rep. Danny Garrett actually proposed a bill that would increase the number of sites that voters can drop off their absentee ballots, which recently[when?] passed the Constitution, Campaigns and Elections House committee, but it has faced consternation among other members of his party, with some objecting that it would "provid[e] for early voting".[97] Rep. Chris Pringle, for instance, claimed that it would lead to "primaries that are going to be stolen using this...they’re going to bus them in and pack them out".[97] Republicans have also broadly opposed bills proposed by Democratic lawmakers that would authorize no-excuse absentee voting (existing law requires voters to provide a valid excuse) and institute two weeks of early voting.[99][96]

Following the announcement in early March that Alabama Secretary of State John Merrill would be appointed co-chair of the Republican State Leadership Committee's group on election integrity, which is set to make recommendations on new policies related to voter rolls, voter ID, and absentee voting, Republican "election integrity" efforts are expected to accelerate.[101]

Arizona

Alleging election fraud, in April 2021 Arizona Republicans hired a private firm to conduct an audit of the 2020 presidential election results. The auditors released a report five months later finding no proof of fraud and that their ballot recount increased Biden's margin of victory by 360 votes. County election officials released a final report in January 2022 finding that nearly all of the auditors' allegations of irregularities were false or misleading. After a six-month investigation, Arizona attorney general Mark Brnovich, a Republican running for Senate in 2022, said in April 2022 he found no proof of 2020 election fraud.[102][103][104][105][106]

Arizona state Rep. John Kavanagh (R) defended Republican proposals to restrict Arizona's vote-by-mail system by stating: "Everybody shouldn't be voting...quantity is important, but we have to look at the quality of votes, as well."[91]

At least two dozen Republican voting measures have been introduced in Arizona.

D), the top-ranking Democrat on the House Government and Elections Committee, argued that "[Republicans] definitely came in with a plan to make sure the historic voter turnout we saw in 2020 never happens again".[112]

In April 2022, the Arizona Supreme Court dismissed a lawsuit brought by state Republicans to end early voting, including mail-in balloting. More than 80% of Arizona voters use the early voting system that has existed for over 30 years.[115] Mail-in balloting has existed in Arizona for over a century.[116]

Arkansas

On March 3, 2021, Arkansas Governor Asa Hutchinson signed into law House Bill 1112, which eliminates a provision that allows voters to sign a sworn statement in order for their provisional ballots to be counted in lieu of presenting a photo ID.[117] On March 4, 2021, Hutchinson signed into law House Bill 1244, which eliminates non-photo ID's as valid forms of identification to vote.[118] Republicans have also introduced a bill that would shorten early voting (Senate Bill 485).[119]

Florida

See also: Florida Senate Bill 90 (2021)

On February 19, 2021, Florida Governor

ballot collection, a prohibition on counties accepting financial help from private organizations for get-out-the-vote initiatives and a requirement that counties report voter turnout data in real-time.[121][122] DeSantis had earlier advocated for faithless electors from states President Donald Trump had lost in the 2020 election to vote for him anyway, circumventing their states' voters.[123]

DeSantis also called for a measure that would cancel current absentee ballot requests for the 2022 gubernatorial election.[g][124] The state legislature's Republican leaders announced that they "join the Governor in his efforts to continue to make Florida the national leader on election integrity" and "look forward to working with him on this important issue".[121] According to a Tampa Bay Times analysis, DeSantis's signature match proposal could have led to rejections of his own mail-in ballots due to changes in his signature history over time; voting rights experts argued that the signature matching proposal could be used to disenfranchise voters whose signatures varied over time.[125]

Opponents of the governor's agenda argue that DeSantis used false claims of widespread voter fraud pushed by Trump to advance voter suppression efforts to give advantage to Republicans.[121] Arguing that the measures are politically motivated, they point out that Florida Republicans had praised the state's 2020 election as "the smoothest, most successful election of any state in the country", that the push to limit mail-in voting came only after Democratic voters outnumbered Republican voters in vote-by-mail for the first time in 2020 and that there was no evidence of widespread voter fraud in the 2020 election.[126][124]

The changes to mail-in voting were notable given that Republicans had traditionally voted by mail more than Democrats, though Democrats had outvoted Republicans by mail in 2020.[127] Fearing that traditionally Republican-leaning constituencies, such as the elderly and members of the military, would vote in lower numbers under stringent mail voting rules, Republicans sought to exempt those two groups from the requirements that other voters would face.[128] However, in Republican negotiations over the language of the legislation, the exemptions were rejected because it would be legally impermissible.[128]

DeSantis officially signed the measures into law on May 6, broadcast live on Fox & Friends. Media outlets that were not Fox News were banned from attending the event.[129]

On March 31, 2022, U.S. District Court Judge Mark E. Walker ruled that Senate Bill 90 violated the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Walker issued a permanent injunction against the law's restrictions on absentee ballot drop boxes and required Florida to obtain preclearance from federal courts before enacting election laws.[130][131][132] DeSantis and Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody have since appealed Walker's ruling.

Georgia

See also:
Jim Crow era".[133]

On March 25, 2021, Georgia became the first

Jim Crow 2.0".[141] It also follows a controversial statewide voter roll update in 2019 that a report by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) concluded likely wrongfully removed nearly 200,000 people from voter rolls.[142] The act has already prompted a number of ongoing legal challenges.[139]

The Republican effort began in early January, when Georgia Republicans appointed state representative Barry Fleming chair of the Georgia Special Committee on Election Integrity (as attorney of Hancock County, Fleming had earlier defended a controversial voter roll update that challenged the eligibility of nearly 20% of Sparta, Georgia's residents—almost all Black).[143] By late February, the first elections bill had cleared a chamber of the Georgia General Assembly.[144] Passed in the Georgia State Senate on February 23, 2021, in a nearly party-line vote, Senate Bill 67 would have require a photo ID when requesting an absentee ballot.

Concurrently, a broader elections bill, House Bill 531, was being considered in the

absentee voting, shifted back the deadline to request an absentee ballot, made it a misdemeanor for political organizations to hand out food or drink to voters waiting in line, and limited early voting hours on weekends, among many other changes.[145][146] Most controversially, it would have restricted early voting on Sundays, when Black churches traditionally run "Souls to the Polls" get-out-the-vote efforts;[147] according to The Economist, Black voter turnout is 10 percentage points higher on Sundays.[148] The Sunday restriction is similar to a North Carolina law that also would have ended Sunday early voting but was struck down in 2016 by a federal court for targeting black voters.[h][149] The restriction has been defended on the basis that there should be no voting on the Sabbath.[150] House Bill 531 passed the House in a party-line vote on March 1, 2021. After outcry, the Sunday early voting restriction was dropped in the Senate version of the bill.[151][152]

While House Bill 531 was being considered in the Senate, and nearing the March 8 deadline a bill must pass one of the two chambers, the Senate passed Senate Bill 241, which would have eliminated no-excuse absentee voting (something the state has offered since 2005), restricting it only to those who are over 65 years old, have a physical disability, or will be out of town on

Election Day,[153] and Senate Bill 202, which would have prohibited organizations from sending absentee ballot applications to voters who have already requested a ballot.[154]

On March 12, 2021, the Georgia Chamber of Commerce, an organization representing businesses based in Georgia like Coca-Cola and Home Depot, issued a statement opposing the Republican voting reforms.[155]

As the end of March neared, with no election bill passed by both chambers (the Georgia General Assembly adjourns on March 31), Republicans raced to finalize changes to their election law proposals.[156] Republican efforts consolidated around two omnibus bills: the 45-page House Bill 531, passed in the House on March 1, 2021; and the significantly expanded[157] 95-page Senate Bill 202, passed in the Senate on March 8, 2021.[158] On March 25, 2021, both chambers passed Senate Bill 202, now called the "Election Integrity Act of 2021"; it was signed into law by Governor Brian Kemp that evening.[159] The bill imposes voter identification requirements on absentee ballots, gives the legislature greater control over election administration, limits the use of ballot drop boxes, reduces the amount of time people have to request an absentee ballot, and makes it a crime for political organizations to give food or water to voters waiting in line (although poll workers are still allowed to).[159][135] It also shortens runoff elections—a Republican priority in the state after both of its 2020 Senate runoffs were won by the Democratic candidates[i][160]—and includes a provision removing the Secretary of State from the Board of Elections, a measure seemingly targeted at Brad Raffensperger, the Republican Secretary of State who oversaw the 2020 election in Georgia and famously rebuffed attempts by Donald Trump and state lawmakers to overturn Georgia's election results.[j][165] Providing justification for itself, a preamble to the bill declares that "many electors [are] concerned about allegations of rampant voter fraud"—despite no evidence of meaningful levels of fraud.[160]

The bill quickly drew a number of legal challenges, with groups challenging the law including the

14th Amendment to the United States Constitution and Section Two of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which forbids racially discriminatory voting rules.[169] The Georgia NAACP further alleges that Republican officials are purposefully attempting to discriminate against black Georgians "in order to maintain the tenuous hold the Republican Party has in Georgia" (Democratic wins in the state in 2020—especially the two Senate races—were fueled by high black turnout[170][171]).[169]

The bill also drew condemnation from a number of companies, including Georgia-based Delta Air Lines and The Coca-Cola Company.[172] Georgia House Republicans retaliated against Delta by passing a bill ending a tax break on jet fuel (it failed to advance in the state Senate).[173][174] Commenting on the bill, state House Speaker David Ralston quipped, "You don't feed a dog that bites your hand".[173] Additionally, Major League Baseball announced plans to move the 2021 All-Star game out of Atlanta in protest of the law.[175] Former president Donald Trump, who was the central promoter of false claims of widespread election fraud and the principal agent in the attempt to overturn the 2020 presidential election, called on Republicans and conservatives to boycott Major League Baseball, Coca-Cola, and Delta Air Lines, as well as a host of other companies that condemned the bill.[176]

Republican lieutenant governor Geoff Duncan said during an April 2021 CNN interview that momentum for the legislation grew from "the fallout from the ten weeks of misinformation that flew in from former President Donald Trump. I went back over the weekend to really look at where this really started to gain momentum in the legislature, and it was when Rudy Giuliani showed up in a couple of committee rooms and spent hours spreading misinformation and sowing doubt across, you know, hours of testimony."[177]

Idaho

Republicans in Idaho have introduced bills that would make

ballot collection a felony, bar absentee ballots for presidential elections except for active-duty members of the military, limit which forms of photo ID can be used to vote (e.g. student IDs would no longer be accepted), and make it more challenging to qualify voter initiatives for the Idaho ballot.[178][179] While defending recent Republican voting proposals in the state, Representative Mike Moyle stated, "You know what? Voting shouldn’t be easy".[180]

The first bill to advance was the ballot collection bill (HB 88, introduced by Mike Moyle), which has been amended to be less restrictive.[181] Moyle has justified his bill by pointing to false claims of widespread voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election.[180]

Indiana

A Republican-authored bill that would have required individuals applying to vote by mail to provide their driver's license numbers or the last four digits of their Social Security numbers. The bill was not reported out of committee in 2021.[182][183]

Iowa

R) signed into law the first bill restricting the vote following the 2020 presidential election.[184]

On March 8, 2021, Iowa governor

voter fraud, despite no history of meaningful levels of fraud in the state.[185] During debate over the bill, Republican State Senator Jim Carlin stated that "Most of us in my caucus and the Republican caucus believe the 2020 presidential election was stolen".[31]

An earlier proposed bill would have required

Election Day.[186]

Kansas

Shortly after the inauguration of

US Postal Service were to experience delays;[188] and one would call on Congress to oppose H.R. 1, a voting rights bill.[189]

In late March, the

ACLU, and the Disability Rights Center of Kansas.[190]

HB2183[192] and HB332[193] were both passed and went into effect on July 1, 2021. HB2183 made an expanded definition of impersonation of an election official a felony. The District Attorney of Douglas County, Kansas said the provisions were too vague and that she would not enforce them. However, Kansas Attorney General Derek Schmidt promised to do so,[194] causing the non-partisan organizations League of Women Voters of Kansas and Loud Light to halt voter registration drives, including those on college campuses at the beginning of the school year.[195]

The state is also being sued by the American Civil Liberties Union for $4 million worth of legal fees after the organization's successful five-year legal effort to overturn a Kansas law that required potential voters to prove their citizenship when registering to vote, which blocked the registrations of more than 35,000 eligible Kansas voters.[196]

Kentucky

Republicans in Kentucky have largely bucked the trend of state Republicans advancing partisan bills that would make voting laws more restrictive, instead backing a bipartisan bill that would make certain policies implemented during the

ballot collection and rules making it easier to remove people who have moved out of Kentucky from the state's voter rolls,[197] but the bill is generally considered to expand voting access rather than restrict it.[198] The bill passed the Kentucky House of Representatives 93–4 in late February.[197]

Mississippi

In 2023, State Representative Brent Powell introduced House Bill 1310 for debate in the Mississippi House of Representatives which would provide notice to voters who had not cast any ballot within a period including two federal elections. If, after four subsequent years, notice recipients had not responded, voted in any election, responded to jury duty, or been active or reserve military personnel, they would be removed from voting rolls.[199]

Montana

In March 2020, in a party-line vote

Election Day, while critics say it would unnecessarily eliminate an effective voting measure and may disproportionately impact Native Americans living on tribal reservations, who often face long travel times to polling locations.[202][201]

Another proposed bill would make Montana's voter ID laws more stringent, requiring voters to present a second form of identification when using certain forms of photo identification that are currently accepted, like student IDs.[203] Opponents say the bill could disenfranchise otherwise eligible voters, including college students and disabled or elderly people who don't drive, and would disproportionately affect Native Americans,[203] who are more likely to lack photo ID and often have non-traditional addresses.[204]

Some Republicans are backing a bill introduced by Democratic Representative Sharon Stewart-Peregoy that would make voting easier for Native Americans by requiring at least two satellite elections offices on every reservation and allow tribal citizens to vote using a non-traditional address on their reservation.[205][206]

Nevada

Republicans in Nevada have proposed a bill (AB 163) that would require voters to provide proof of identity at the polls and require absentee ballots to be received by 7 p.m. on Election Day (under existing law, as long as ballots are turned into the Post Office by Election Day they are accepted up to a few days after Election Day).[185] It also includes a provision requiring the Nevada Secretary of State to crosscheck the names of dead Nevadans with voter registration lists at least once a month, likely prompted by former President Donald Trump's false claims that over 1,500 deceased people voted in Nevada in the 2020 presidential election.[185] Nevada was one of six states targeted by Trump and his Republican allies in their attempt to overturn the 2020 presidential election. However, with Democrats in charge of both chambers of the legislature, Republican election bills have almost no chance of passing.[207]

New Hampshire

With more students per capita than any other state (fully 12% of the state's overall population are university students), Republican efforts have focused on student voting.[o][209][210] As reported by Abigail Weinberg in Mother Jones:

After Republicans took control of the state’s legislature in 2020, House lawmakers introduced three bills restricting student voting: HB 554, HB 362, and HB 429. HB 554 prevents people from voting in New Hampshire if they maintained a domicile address in another state; HB 362 forbids students from registering to vote at their college address; and HB 429 prohibits the use of a college ID as a voter ID.

As of February 8, 2021, at least seven other bills that would restrict voting access have been introduced.[211] Another bill would end the winner-take-all system for New Hampshire's electoral votes in the Electoral College, replacing it with a district system similar to Maine's.[p][212]

On July 30, 2021, Governor Chris Sununu signed SB 89, which rejects the For the People Act.[213] In case the latter becomes a law, it will not apply to the local elections in New Hampshire.

Oklahoma

R
) introduced a bill that would have required every registered voter in Oklahoma to re-register before the next general election

In February 2021, Republican State Representative

U.S. Constitution that would prohibit absentee ballots from being mailed to voters unless their absentee ballot application had been notarized or signed by two witnesses.[186]

In November 2020, shortly after the 2020 presidential election, two Republican Senators introduced a bill that would "call on the legislatures of each state that did not report results on Election Day to use their power to audit and recount their election results" and another that would require the Oklahoma state legislature to select the state's electors for the Electoral College—rather than have the state's electors determined by the statewide popular vote—unless Congress were to pass an election integrity bill.[215]

Texas

Texas Republican Party, has said "election integrity" is among the party's highest priorities following the 2020 election. He previously faced controversy over a December 2020 comment in which he seemingly suggested secession from the United States[q] after the Supreme Court rejected Texas' attempt to invalidate election results from four states.[216]

According to the

Houston, Texas, which offered more expansive voting options like drive-through voting[s] and longer hours at polling locations.[223][224][225]

By February 1, 2021, eight bills that would reduce voting access had been introduced,[218] including House Bill 25 and Senate Bill 208, which would limit who can send absentee ballot applications to voters without an affirmative request;[226] House Bill 1924 and House Bill 335, which would expedite removal of deceased persons, the mentally incapacitated, and those charged with felonies from voter rolls; House Bill 61, which would tighten signature requirements on absentee ballot requests; House Bill 329, which would require the Texas secretary of state to cross-reference its voter registry with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's non-citizen resident database at least twice a year;[218] and House Bill 895, which would allow election officials to photograph the faces of voters if the officials question the authenticity of the documentation presented by the voters.

In March 2021, Texas Republicans rolled out a slate of "restrictive election bills".[222] Among the over two dozen proposals[227] are initiatives to make voter ID laws more stringent, cut early voting hours in urban areas, restrict drive-through voting, ban the sending of absentee ballots to PO boxes, and increase criminal penalties for fraud or mistakes made by voters or officials.[t][222][228]

By late March, Republican efforts had consolidated around two election bills: House Bill 6 (HB6), introduced by Rep. Briscoe Cain (who had previously volunteered with the Trump campaign in Pennsylvania as it attempted to overturn the outcome of the presidential election[229]), and Senate Bill 7 (SB7), introduced by Sen. Bryan Hughes et al. HB6 would ban drive-through voting, make it a felony for local election officials to send unsolicited absentee ballot request forms, require counties to provide the same number of voting machines in each polling location regardless of population density, and tighten the state's already strict absentee ballot qualifications (only the elderly, people with disabilities, and those who will be away from home can vote by mail) by requiring voters with disabilities to provide proof that they are incapable of voting in person (which critics argue amounts to a poll tax, since it would require disabled people who are unable to vote in person to pay for a doctors visit[221]).[230][231][229] SB7 would similarly limit drive-through voting, prohibit sending unsolicited absentee ballot request forms, and require disabled voters to provide proof they are unable to vote in person, and would also limit voting hours from 7 A.M. to 7 P.M.—a "direct response to Harris County having voting centers open until 10 P.M".[232] On April 1, 2021, the state Senate passed SB7, amended to allow voting hours from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m.[220]

Republicans argue these bills are necessary to prevent voter fraud, despite fraud being nearly nonexistent in the state.[u] State Sen. Paul Bettencourt, a cosponsor of SB 7, has defended Republican election bills by saying "The November 2020 election demonstrated the lack of transparency and lack of integrity within the election process", drawing on claims from the months-long effort by Republican officials to de-legitimize the 2020 election.[235] Critics, including former House Representative Beto O'Rourke, have decried the efforts as "voter suppression".[236][237] The Texas Democratic Party called the bills an "assault on voting rights".[238] On July 12, 2021, at least 59 Democratic lawmakers left the state to prevent Republicans from having quorum to act on their legislation.[239]

A new bill, SB 1, was passed into law on September 7, 2021. The law expands the voting hours as proposed in the earlier SB7, but critics stated this reduced voting hours in the state's most populous areas. The law also bans drive-thru and overnight early voting, and introduced identification requirements for absentee voting. Multiple groups challenged the law on the day it was passed.[240] The U.S. Department of Justice also filed suit against the state in November 2021, asserting the law's change to accessibility at voting places and absentee ballots violates the Voting Rights Act. The DOJ also joined some of the other suits challenging SB1.[241]

Utah

On February 15, 2021, Utah Governor Spencer Cox signed into law House Bill 12, which the Brennan Center for Justice claims will "make faulty [voter] purges more likely".[118] Specifically, the Brennan Center explains that:

The bill requires county clerks to cross-reference all death certificates against voter registration rolls and remove the names of dead voters within 10 days. Because the law does not require any notice to the voters being removed, does not require auditing of the source data, and does not specify how many data points must be matched, it creates a risk that county clerks will remove the wrong names from their voter registration rolls.

Wyoming

On February 8, 2021, the Wyoming Republican Party published a resolution calling for a significant tightening of the state's election laws, including a ban on mail-in voting, curbside voting, and ballot drop boxes, strict limits on who qualifies for absentee voting (currently, the state has does not require an excuse to vote absentee), a requirement that people register to vote in person rather than on the internet or by mail, and a prohibition of electronic voting machines.[242] According to the Casper Star-Tribune, the resolution "parrot[s] numerous concerns pushed by former President Donald Trump, who claimed numerous instances of voter fraud in several states he lost despite providing no evidence to support those claims".[242] The state party has also called H.R. 1, a federal voting rights and campaign finance reform bill, a "federal invasion" of states' rights.[243]

On April 6, 2021, Republican lawmakers passed HB0075, which requires residents to present an ID to vote (previously, voters had to present an ID when registering to vote, but not when voting).[244] Supporters say the bill is necessary to prevent voter fraud, despite no evidence of significant levels of fraud in the state (there have been only four convictions for voter fraud in the state over the past several decades[245]).[246]

State bills

Alaska

The first bill to be heard in the 2021 session of the

Alaska legislature was Senate Bill 39 , which would "partially dismantle voting-by-mail systems used by Anchorage, Juneau and other cities across the state", according to the Associated Press, by prohibiting cities and boroughs from automatically sending ballots to registered voters.[247] Supporters say it would strengthen the security of the state's election system, while opponents have called it an attempt at voter suppression.[248]

Colorado

Republicans in Colorado have introduced five election-related bills since the 2020 presidential election.

Election Day, even if they are postmarked by Election Day.[249][250] With Democrats in control of both chambers of the Colorado legislature, the bills are not expected to pass.[249]

Connecticut

The Republican minority in the

on the ballot in 2022 (changes to voting law in Connecticut require amending the state constitution): one that would allow no-excuse absentee voting and another that would allow early voting.[251] Republican lawmakers have also proposed bills that would end same-day voter registration and make signature verification of absentee ballots stricter.[252]

Maryland

On February 4, 2021, Maryland Republicans introduced a slate voting proposals, including bills that would require photo identification to vote, restrict

ballot collection, and strengthen signature verification on absentee ballots.[253][254]

Michigan

On March 24, 2021, Michigan Republicans introduced a package of 39 election reform bills that would introduce new restrictions to voting access,[255] targeting in particular forms of voting that were the focus of former President Donald Trump's attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election (which focused heavily on Michigan and five other six swing states).[256] The bills would limit the availability of ballot drop boxes, require photo ID when applying for an absentee ballot, prohibit absentee ballot applications from being made available online, bar the Secretary of State from sending out absentee ballot applications unless specifically requested by the voter,[v] and ban clerks from supplying prepaid return postage for absentee ballots.[257][255] Another bill would allow election challengers and poll watchers to videotape the tabulating of votes after Trump and his supporters made poll watching in Detroit a centerpiece of their effort to discredit 2020 election results in Michigan.[256] The bills also contain two provisions that would expand ballot access: one that would require local clerks to open for early voting on the second Saturday before an election and another that would pre-register 16 and 17-year-olds who get their drivers license.[258]

Senate Majority Leader

Big Lie".[w][255]

The bills are unlikely to become law (with the exception of several inoffensive measures that may draw bipartisan support) in the current legislative session as the state's Democratic governor would almost certainly veto them.[257] However, Republican leaders in the state have developed a plan to subvert the governor's veto power by using a statute that allows the legislature to avoid a governor's veto if enough signatures (in this legislative session, more than 340,000 would be needed) are collected.[260]

Minnesota

Republicans in Minnesota are focusing on efforts to limit the number of people who can vote by mail and to require photo identification to vote.[x][262][263] Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, Minnesota introduced no-excuse mail-in voting, enabling a record 58% of Minnesota to vote by mail; several Republican proposals would revert Minnesota to its pre-pandemic system, which required voters to have a valid excuse to qualify for absentee voting.[262]

The Democratic Secretary of State Steve Simon criticized the voter ID bill as unnecessary, saying voter fraud in Minnesota is "minuscule" and that the ID requirement could disenfranchise "hundreds of thousands of eligible voters", particularly older people.[261] Republican-backed bills introduced in the state Senate, where Republicans have a majority, are unlikely to become law, owing to opposition in the Democratic-controlled state House of Representatives and a Democratic governor.[261]

Mississippi

On February 12, 2021, the Mississippi Senate passed Senate Bill 2588 in a party-line vote. The bill allows for quicker purging of names from voter rolls and requires county election commissioners to remove the name of any person who does not vote at least once during a four-year period and fails to respond to a mail notice.[y][264] Estimates for the number of people who would receive notices, which if not responded to would result in removal from the voter roll, range from 250,000 to 600,000.[265]

State Republicans argue the bill would prevent voter fraud.

Democratic state lawmakers have derided the bill, with state Senator David Lee Jordan arguing that the bill could disenfranchise Black Mississippians[265] and state Senator Hob Bryan saying "For tens of thousands of people in Mississippi, eligible voters who haven’t done a thing in the world except choose not to vote in every single election and didn’t get a postcard, or whatever the thing is, they are going to be denied their right to vote by the tens of thousands".[264] A senior staff attorney for the Southern Poverty Law Center Action Fund has argued that the bill violates the National Voter Registration Act of 1993, which prevents voters from being removed from registration rolls for unnecessary or discriminatory reasons.[266]

Other bills introduced include HB 543, which would prohibit driver's licenses from states other than Mississippi from being used as photo identification for the purposes of voting, and MS SB 2254, which would require people attempting to register to vote to present a birth certificate, passport, naturalization document, or other method of proof of citizenship established by the federal Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.

Missouri

In Missouri, which has voting laws that are among the strictest in the country,

Missouri Supreme Court in 2020 as unconstitutional.[270] Such a photo ID bill was passed by the Missouri House of Representatives on February 24, 2021.[271]

Republican state lawmakers are also advancing a bill that would make it harder for voters to amend the state constitution through

ballot initiatives, raising the share of votes needed from a simple majority to a two-thirds supermajority.[z][272]

Nebraska

A bill introduced by Republican state senator Julie Slama (LR3CA) would require photo identification to vote.[273] Slama also proposed a second bill (LB76) that would revert the state to a winner-take-all system in the Electoral College.[aa][274]

North Carolina

In March 2021, several Republican lawmakers introduced Senate Bill 326, also known as the "Election Integrity Act", which would reduce the amount of time voters have to turn in absentee ballot requests by one week, require absentee ballots to be received by 5pm on

Post Office by Election Day to be received by county officials up to three days after Election Day), and prohibit county boards of election and the state board of election from accepting private donations to administer elections.[275][276] It would also set aside $5 million from the state's General Fund to help those without a photo ID obtain one (North Carolina requires a photo ID to vote).[275] Several Democrats have registered their opposition to the bill, with State Senator Don Davis (D) saying "I believe that we should make [voting] easier. If that ballot is cast by Election Day, then that ballot should be counted."[277]

North Dakota

Republicans have introduced a number of bills that would tighten election laws. House Bill 1289 would lengthen residency requirements, House Bill 1312 would place additional restrictions on who can vote absentee, and House Bill 1397 would adjust the

congressional redistricting process.[278] Senate Bill 2271, introduced by Republican Senator Robert Erbele and passed 43-3 (Republicans hold a 40-vote majority in the Senate), would withhold the state's vote count from the public until after votes in the Electoral College have been cast; the measure is intended to prevent the implementation of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact, a multi-state agreement to implement a national popular vote for the election of the president.[ab][279]

Pennsylvania

In Pennsylvania, at least 8 laws that would restrict voting access have been introduced.

Democratic Governor has stated he is "opposed to any efforts to disenfranchise voters".[283]

South Carolina

Republicans in South Carolina are advancing a bill that would make it harder for voters to meet witness requirements for absentee ballots.[284] Another bill (H.3444) would tilt the partisan balance of the State Election Commission towards the Republican Party (shifting it from a 4–4 split to 6–3 in favor of Republicans) while simultaneously granting the Commission greater power to regulate election procedures.[285]

South Dakota

Republicans in South Dakota are pushing a series of bills that would make election laws more stringent, including one (passed by the state House) that would bar the secretary of state from sending out applications for absentee voting and another that would increase scrutiny of ballot initiatives.[286][287] Republicans say the bills are needed to prevent fraud that Donald Trump falsely claimed affected the 2020 presidential election, while state Democrats say they are worried Republicans are using falsehoods to clamp down on voting access.[286]

Tennessee

Republican bills to restrict voting access include one introduced by Republican state Senator Janice Bowling, which would abolish early voting, end the use of voting machines, and require watermarked paper ballots hand-marked by voters (it was later withdrawn);[288][289] one that would require voters to provide a fingerprint to vote;[290] and another that would mandate the names of people who request absentee ballots to be posted to the county election commission website.[291] The Republican-dominated state House is also moving forward with a bill that would remove the judge who approved an expansion of absentee voting in the 2020 presidential election, sparking concerns of an "unprecedented breach of judicial independence".[292]

Washington

Two bills introduced by a number of Republican state lawmakers (Senate Bill 5143, House Bill 1377) would limit or eliminate all-mail voting, which has existed in Washington since 2012.[293] The bills cite false claims that there were "credible allegations of voter fraud, ballot tampering, and foreign interference" in the 2020 election as justification for the overhaul of the state's election system.[293][294] Another bill would require photo identification to vote by mail.[293]

Wisconsin

In Wisconsin, Republicans are supporting a series of bills intended to limit absentee voting (some are also backing bipartisan election reforms that would institute

ballot collection to immediate family members, and prohibit people who work for political advocacy groups from serving as poll workers.[296]

Responding to a political controversy over indefinitely confined voters (voters who have a medical condition) in the 2020 presidential election,[ac] the lawmakers included a significant number of provisions related to indefinitely confined voters, including:[296]

  • Eliminating the voter ID exemption for indefinitely confined voters
  • Requiring indefinitely confined voters to affirm they are medically afflicted under oath
  • Requiring indefinitely confined voters who are over 65 to provide documentation from a health care provider
  • Clarifying that a pandemic or other outbreak of a communicable disease does not qualify voters as indefinitely confined
  • Removing anyone who qualified for indefinitely confined status between March 12 and November 6, 2020, from the list of indefinitely confined individuals
  • Making it a felony, punishable by up to $10,000 or imprisonment for up to three and a half years, for falsely declaring oneself indefinitely confined.

One of the Republican lawmakers who introduced the bills says they are necessary because "far too many people have sincere concerns about our electoral system...These bills will help restore trust and make sure our elections are handled fairly for everyone."

Democratic governor Tony Evers is unlikely to sign them into law (according to the Associated Press, the measures are intended to show "what [Republicans] may try to enact if a Republican is elected governor in 2022."[295]).[299]

Ballot initiative restrictions

The New York Times reported in May 2021 that so far that year, Republicans had introduced 144 bills to restrict ballot initiatives in 32 states, 19 of which had been signed into law by nine Republican governors. Although ballot initiatives had historically been used by both parties, Democrats had been especially successful using the process in recent years in states where they do not control the state government. In three states, Republican legislators asked voters to approve ballot initiatives that would restrict their right to bring and pass future ballot initiatives.[300]

Fundraising

Following the

Susan B. Anthony List[ad] and the American Principles Project partnered together to create the Election Transparency Initiative,[41] which started with $5 million in funding.[301] FreedomWorks has dedicated $10 million to Republican efforts to tighten voting laws. Kelly Loeffler, after being unseated by Democratic candidate Raphael Warnock in the 2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia, launched Greater Georgia, an effort to promote Republican electoral policies in Georgia, as well as register likely conservative voters;[303] Loeffler (whose net worth is estimated at over $800 million) has personally invested at least $1 million in the organization.[304]

Relatedly, in January 2021

Verizon Wireless, General Motors, and Pfizer, had in recent years donated over $50 million to politicians who have proposed voting restrictions or voted in favor of them.[306]

Reactions

A statement signed by over 300 companies, executives, and celebrities opposing voting rights restriction efforts

Some major corporations voiced opposition to Georgia's Election Integrity Act and faced backlash from Republican politicians, including calls to boycott the companies.[307][308][309] On April 10, 2021, more than 100 corporate CEOs and leaders gathered online to discuss options in response to the new laws, including halting donations to politicians who support the bills and suspending investments in states that enact the laws.[310] On April 14, 2021, a letter published in The New York Times, The Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal, among other outlets, and signed by over 300 companies, executives, and celebrities stated they "stand for democracy" and stated opposition to the efforts.[311][312][313][314] A coalition of sixty major law firms said it would "challenge any election law that would impose unnecessary barriers on the right to vote and that would disenfranchise underrepresented groups in our country," according to the group's organizer.[315]

Republicans have opposed corporate efforts against their voting laws with Mitch McConnell calling on corporations to "stay out of politics" and that it "will invite serious consequences" if they continue to oppose the law.[316] McConnell later clarified that his statement did not exclude corporate donations to the Republican Party, which created calls of hypocrisy by liberals.[317] During a discussion on Fox Business's Varney & Co. about his push to remove the MLB's anti-trust exemption after the MLB's reaction to changes to Georgia's voting laws, Ted Cruz also claimed that corporations had become "the woke enforcers of the Democratic Party".[318] Observers have argued that this increased republican criticism of corporations are part of the parties rebrand into a more "working class" party[319][320] and of a growing shift between Republicans and corporate America[321][322] though, others have argued that this shift is not happening.[323][324][325] Some Republicans have also called out companies that operate in China, claiming their opposition to voting restrictions is hypocritical due to their perceived silence on human rights abuses in China.[326][327]

Former President Donald Trump has called on his supporters to boycott "woke companies" that are in opposition to voting rights restrictions.[328][329]

President

Jim Crow voting restrictions.[330]

Polls

A YouGov/Economist poll from March 20–22 found that 44% of Americans oppose more restrictive voting laws compared to 39% who support them.[331] A Hill/HarrisX poll of 2,827 registered voters conducted in April 2021 found that 43% (including 70% of Republicans and 41% of Independents) supported stricter voting laws, while 31% (including 50% of Democrats) stated that new laws should be passed to make voting more accessible. Another 27% expressed opposition to changing existing voting laws.[332]

In January 2022, a Yahoo News/YouGov poll found that 17 percent of Republicans and Republican leaning independents labeled "stopping Democrats from rigging and stealing elections" as the third most important issue they wanted future candidates to focus on most which was the third most important issue behind "bringing down inflation" at 19 percent and "securing the border" at 23 percent. 56 percent also stated they wanted the Republican party to launch another investigation of the 2020 presidential election should they retake the U.S. congress in the 2022 United States elections.[333]

Effects

There is debate over the effects Republican proposals would have. Available evidence on the effects of forms of voting being targeted by Republicans are as summarized below:

  • Mail-in voting: Studies have tended to show that offering no-excuse mail-in voting modestly increases voter turnout, particularly in midterm elections.[334] Universal mail-in voting, in which every voter is automatically sent a mail ballot, appears to increase turnout by slightly more—about 2%.[335] Studies of the 2020 presidential election found that mail-in voting did not produce a partisan benefit for either party.[21][336]
  • Voter ID: Studies on voter ID have tended to show that voter ID laws have no detectable effect on voter fraud (which is already exceedingly rare) and little to no effect on voter turnout—though certain studies have found a depressing effect, particularly among minorities.[337][338][339] Estimating the effects of voter ID laws, however, is complicated, and strict voter ID laws are only a recent phenomenon, leading some researchers to conclude that further election data is needed to conclusively pin down the effects of voter ID.[340] What is certain, however, is that among people in the United States without photo ID (in Michigan, for example, there are roughly 28,000 registered voters without photo ID, or 0.6% of registered voters), racial minorities make up a disproportionately large number of them—with one study estimating that nonwhite voters were between 2.5 and 6 times as likely as white voters to lack voter ID.[340]
  • Early voting: Analysis by FiveThirtyEight has concluded that, while early voting shifts when many voters cast their ballots, it has little effect on turnout.[341] It does, however, appear to lead to shorter lines and fewer ballot errors.[342]
  • Automatic voter registration: Automatic voter registration increases the number of people registered to vote[343] and appears to modestly increase turnout.[344]
  • Same-day voter registration: Same-day registration appears to modestly increase voter turnout,[345][346][347][348][349] with a 2004 summary of the literature finding that the impact of same-day registration on voter turnout is "about five percentage points".[350]
  • Long lines: Lines with long wait times significantly depress turnout.[335] An analysis of the 2012 United States presidential election in Florida by Ohio State University researcher Theodore Allen, for instance, estimated that more than 200,000 would-be voters did not cast a ballot in the 2012 election due to long lines.[351] Additionally, another study found that voters forced to wait in long lines are less likely to vote in future elections.[352][353] Racial minorities face longer wait-times on average than white voters.[352][354]

Federal bills proposed by Democrats

Democratic Congressmembers holding a press conference in support of the For the People Act in March 2021.

The

ballot drop boxes,[5] and have already approved certain landmark[358] bills like the Voting Rights Act of Virginia.[359]

For the People Act (H.R. 1)

Main article: For the People Act

Many of the proposals being advanced by state Republicans would be prohibited under the

Senate after it was passed in the House of Representatives on a nearly party-line vote (one Democrat voted against) in early March.[360][361] The bill would mandate automatic and same-day voter registration, require states to offer 15 days of early voting, expand mail-in voting, and place restrictions on voter ID laws and so-called "voter roll purges", among other things.[357]

On June 22, 2021, a vote on the bill was held in the senate. It received unified support from the Democratic caucus, but Senate Republicans blocked the bill with a filibuster, as it lacked the 60 votes needed to invoke cloture after a party-line vote. Some Senate Democrats expressed support for abolishing the filibuster for the bill, but others in their caucus remained opposed or expressed reservations about doing so, including President Biden.[362][363][364][365]

John Lewis Voting Rights Act

Main article: John Lewis Voting Rights Act

The John Lewis voting rights act would restore the federal pre-clearance requirement in the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that was struck down by the Supreme Court in a 2013 decision. This would mean that states with a history of voting rights violations would have to seek approval from the federal government to change voting policies. If the VRA's pre-clearance requirement had been left in place, it may have blocked new restrictive election laws like the one passed in Georgia.[366][367]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ According to an NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll, while more than 60% of Americans believe the 2020 election was secure, a large majority of Republican voters say they do not trust the results of the 2020 election.[12] According to a poll by Quinnipiac, 77% of Republicans believe there was widespread voter fraud.[13]
  2. ^ While it is sometimes true that higher voter turnout disadvantages Republicans, evidence in recent years has been mixed.[18][19][20] For example, a 2021 study by Stanford University concluded that the expansion of mail-in voting in the 2020 presidential election did not produce a partisan benefit for either party.[21]
  3. ^ No evidence has been found of significant levels of fraud. This has been affirmed by multiple reports, including:
    • Report from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA): "The November 3rd election was the most secure in American history...There is no evidence that any voting system deleted or lost votes, changed votes, or was in any way compromised."[24]
    • Conclusion of the
      United States Justice Department: According to then-Attorney General William Barr, the Justice Department found no evidence of widespread voter fraud that could change the outcome of the 2020 election.[25]
    • Conclusion of the
      Director of the FBI Christopher Wray, "We have not seen, historically, any kind of coordinated national voter fraud effort in a major election, whether it's by mail or otherwise."[26]
    • Election observers from the Organization of American States: According to Business Insider, "A team of 28 international election observers said it found no evidence of voter fraud in the 2020 election".[27]
    • Election officials: According to the
      New York Times, "Election officials in dozens of states representing both political parties said that there was no evidence that fraud or other irregularities played a role in the outcome of the presidential race".[28]
    • Courts: Over 50[29] court cases were launched challenging the results of the 2020 election. No judge found evidence of significant voter fraud.[30]
  4. ^ Trump claimed, for instance, that "In addition to winning the Electoral College in a landslide, I won the popular vote if you deduct the millions of people who voted illegally".[45]
  5. ^ In fact, it is part of a longstanding pattern of Donald Trump: he has falsely alleged on at least six occasions that an election was rigged against him or his preferred candidate.[55][56]
  6. ^ The attempts to overturn the election have been described by some commentators and political scientists as an attempted coup d'état (technically a "self-coup" or "autogolpe").[63][64][65]
  7. ^ Under existing Florida law, requests for absentee ballots last for two general elections. The proposal by DeSantis and state Sen. Dennis Baxley would make requests good for only one year, and they plan to make it retroactive—meaning any requests made after the 2018 general election, which would have applied through the 2022 election, would be cancelled.[124]
  8. ^ In court, the state defended the law by arguing that "counties with Sunday voting in 2014 were disproportionately black" and "disproportionately Democratic". The court wrote that "in what comes as close to a smoking gun as we are likely to see in modern times, the State's very justification for a challenged statute hinges explicitly on race — specifically its concern that African Americans, who had overwhelmingly voted for Democrats, had too much access to the franchise."[149]
  9. runoff elections if no candidate receives over 50% of the vote. In the first round of the class II Georgia Senate election, held on November 3, 2020, Republican candidate David Perdue edged out Democratic candidate Jon Ossoff with 49.73% of the vote to Ossoff's 47.95%. In every other state, Perdue would have been declared the winner, but because of Georgia's unique election laws the race proceeded to a runoff election (all candidates except for the top two—Perdue and Ossoff—were eliminated from the ballot). Held nearly two months later on January 5, 2021, Ossoff narrowly defeated Perdue, receiving 50.61% of the vote. In the Senate special election, which featured no primary elections and thus had multiple candidates from each party on the ballot, Democratic candidate Raphael Warnock, who received 32.90% of the vote, and Republican candidate Kelly Loeffler
    , who received 25.91% of the vote, proceeded to the runoff election, which Warnock narrowly won with 51.04% of the vote.
  10. ^ Republicans are also looking to oust Raffensperger from his position as Secretary of State in the next election, with former President Donald Trump endorsing Raffensperger's primary challenger Jody Hice, a vocal proponent of the lie that the 2020 election was stolen from Donald Trump.[161][162] They had also earlier targeted him during then-President Donald Trump's attempt to overturn the 2020 election, with a number of state Republicans and both Republican Senators from Georgia calling on Raffensperger to resign.[163] A Republican strategist in Georgia has commented, "[Raffensperger's] toast...I don't know that there's a single elected official who would put their neck out for Brad Raffensperger right now."[164]
  11. ^ This follows a 2018 bill backed by Republicans that shortened early voting by 11 days.[185]
  12. Post Office
    by Election Day) could be received up to one week after Election Day.
  13. ^ In some areas, absentee ballot request forms are automatically sent out to all voters.
  14. Election Day
    .
  15. ^ Students tend to be a liberal-leaning coalition.[208]
  16. ^ In New Hampshire, the Democratic candidate for president tends to win the statewide popular vote, collecting all four of the state's electoral votes. Had New Hampshire had a district system in 2016, as Republicans now want, Donald Trump would have been awarded one of the state's electoral votes, rather than none.[212]
  17. ^ West stated, "Perhaps law-abiding states should bond together and form a Union of states that will abide by the Constitution."
  18. ^ In Harris County, more than half of the votes cast at drive-through sites and during extended hours were cast by black or Hispanic voters.[220]
  19. 2020 presidential election a number of Republicans sued to have over 100,000 ballots cast in drive-through voting centers in Harris County tossed out.[222]
  20. ^ Under existing law, voter fraud in Texas is a felony punishable by between 180 days and two years in state jail.[219]
  21. ^ Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton, a major proponent of discredited claims of widespread voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election,[233] devoted more than 22,000 staff hours to investigating voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election and found only 16 minor cases of voter fraud out of the more than 11 million votes cast.[234]
  22. Democratic Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson sent out absentee ballot applications to all registered voters, drawing rebukes from Republicans, including then-President Donald Trump.[256]
  23. 2020 presidential election was rigged in favor of Joe Biden.[259]
  24. ballot initiative to amend the state constitution to require photo ID to vote was rejected by voters.[261]
  25. ^ This tightens existing law, which only allows a voter's name to be removed from the rolls if they've died, moved, been judged mentally incompetent or been convicted of a disenfranchising crime.[264]
  26. ^ In recent years, ballot initiatives have been used to pass policies opposed by the Republican majority in the state legislature, including an expansion of Medicaid and marijuana legalization.[272]
  27. ^ In Nebraska, the statewide popular vote is almost always won by the Republican presidential candidate. Under the winner-take-all system common to nearly all other states, this would give the Republican candidate all five of the state's electoral votes. However, under the state's district system, one electoral vote was awarded to Democratic candidate Barack Obama in 2008 and one to Democratic candidate Joe Biden in 2020.[273]
  28. constitutional amendment
    . Under the agreement, once states collectively having over 270 electoral votes (a majority in the Electoral College) sign on to the NPVIC, they agree to award all of their electoral votes to the winner of the national popular vote, thereby guaranteeing that the winner of the popular vote receives a majority of votes in the Electoral College. Senate Bill 2271 would thwart the NPVIC by preventing North Dakota's vote totals from being added to the national vote count, making it impossible to determine the national popular vote.
  29. ^ Differences in how counties approved claims of indefinitely confined status in the 2020 election led to lawsuits by Republicans seeking to have mail-in votes in predominately Democratic cities thrown out for not meeting the criteria for indefinitely confined status. In December, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the votes were valid and that, under existing law, it is up to each voter to decide whether they qualify as indefinitely confined.[297] Now, Republicans want to tighten the rules regarding who qualifies as indefinitely confined.
  30. New York Times, many donors to anti-abortion organizations have also expressed a lack of enthusiasm to continue providing donations out of a false belief that Democrats rig elections, prompting anti-abortion groups to direct money towards "election integrity".[302]

References

  1. ^ a b Boschma, Janie; Schouten, Fredreka; Krishnakumar, Priya (April 3, 2021). "Lawmakers in 47 states have introduced bills that would make it harder to vote. See them all here". CNN. Archived from the original on April 3, 2021. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  2. ^ Izaguirre, Anthony; Coronado, Acacia (January 31, 2021). "GOP lawmakers seek tougher voting rules after record turnout". Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 31, 2021. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  3. ^ McCaskill, Nolan D. (March 15, 2021). "After Trump's loss and false fraud claims, GOP eyes voter restrictions across nation". Politico. Archived from the original on March 15, 2021. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  4. ^ "Voting Laws Roundup: October 2021". Brennan Center for Justice. October 4, 2021. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c "State Voting Bills Tracker 2021". Brennan Center for Justice. February 24, 2021. Archived from the original on June 11, 2022. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Corisaniti, Nick; Epstein, Reid J. (March 23, 2021). "G.O.P. and Allies Draft 'Best Practices' for Restricting Voting". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2022. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  7. ^ a b Corasaniti, Nick (March 24, 2021). "Republicans Aim to Seize More Power Over How Elections Are Run". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2022. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  8. ^ Gardner, Amy (March 26, 2021). "After Trump tried to intervene in the 2020 vote, state Republicans are moving to take more control of elections". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 14, 2022. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  9. ^ Kalmbacher, Colin (May 26, 2021). "Arizona GOP Bill Would Allow GOP-Controlled State Legislature to Strip Key Election Powers from Democratic Secretary of State". Law & Crime. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  10. ^ Gardner, Amy (May 29, 2021). "Texas Republicans finalize bill that would enact stiff new voting restrictions and make it easier to overturn election results". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  11. ^ Corasaniti, Nick; Berzon, Alexandra (May 8, 2023). "Under the Radar, Right-Wing Push to Tighten Voting Laws Persists". The New York Times.
  12. ^ a b Montanaro, Domenico (December 9, 2020). "Poll: Just A Quarter Of Republicans Accept Election Outcome". NPR. Archived from the original on June 11, 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  13. ^ "December 10, 2020 - 60% View Joe Biden's 2020 Presidential Victory As Legitimate, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; 77% Of Republicans Believe There Was Widespread Voter Fraud". Quinnipiac University. December 10, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  14. ^ Inskeep, Steve (February 28, 2021). "Why Republicans Are Moving To Fix Elections That Weren't Broken". NPR.
  15. ^ Steinhauser, Paul (February 17, 2021). "Republican Party launching new election integrity committee". Fox News.
  16. ^ Montellaro, Zach (January 24, 2021). "State Republicans push new voting restrictions after Trump's loss". Politico.
  17. ^ Berman, Ari (February 24, 2021). "Republicans Are Taking Their Voter Suppression Efforts to New Extremes". Mother Jones.
  18. ^ Cohn, Nate (July 15, 2019). "Huge Turnout Is Expected in 2020. So Which Party Would Benefit?". The New York Times.
  19. ^ Mehta, Dhrumil (February 21, 2021). "Increased Voter Turnout Could Benefit Republicans Or Democrats In 2020". FiveThirtyEight.
  20. ^ Scher, Bill (February 8, 2021). "Making It Easier to Vote Is Good for Republicans, Too". Washington Monthly.
  21. ^ a b Riccardi, Nicholas (March 5, 2021). "Study: No partisan benefit from mail voting in 2020 election". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 10, 2022. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  22. ^ Mystal, Elie (February 22, 2021). "The GOP's 2022 Strategy: Voter Suppression or Bust". The Nation. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  23. ^ Brewster, Adam; Huey-Burns, Caitlin (February 25, 2021). "Proposals to restrict voting gain traction in Republican states". CBS News.
  24. ^ "Joint Statement from Elections Infrastructure Government Coordinating Council & the Election Infrastructure Sector Coordinating Executive Committees". Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. November 12, 2020.
  25. ^ Balsamo, Michael (December 1, 2020). "Disputing Trump, Barr says no widespread election fraud". Associated Press.
  26. ^ "Wray: FBI has not seen any kind of coordinated national voter fraud in a major election by mail". NBC News. September 24, 2020.
  27. ^ Collman, Ashley (November 10, 2020). "A team of 28 international election observers said it found no evidence of voter fraud in the 2020 election, contrary to what Trump keeps insisting". Business Insider.
  28. ^ Corasaniti, Nick; Epstein, Reid J.; Rutenberg, Jim (November 10, 2020). "The Times Called Officials in Every State: No Evidence of Voter Fraud". The New York Times.
  29. ^ "Voting Rights Litigation 2020". Brennan Center for Justice. March 2, 2021.
  30. ^ Richer, Alanna Durkin (December 4, 2020). "Trump loves to win but keeps losing election lawsuits". Associated Press.
  31. ^ a b c Wines, Michael (February 27, 2021). "In Statehouses, Stolen-Election Myth Fuels a G.O.P. Drive to Rewrite Rules". The New York Times.
  32. ^ Lutz, Eric (February 9, 2021). "Trump's Election Lies Are Fueling a New GOP Voter Suppression Crusade". Vanity Fair.
  33. Salon
    .
  34. ^ Riccardi, Nicholas (December 29, 2021). "'Slow-motion insurrection': How GOP seizes election power". Associated Press. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  35. ^ Sullivan, Andy; Ax, Joseph (September 9, 2020). "Explainer: Despite Trump claims, voter fraud is extremely rare. Here is how U.S. states keep it that way". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 9, 2020.
  36. ^ Blakemore, Erin (November 11, 2020). "Voter fraud used to be rampant. Now it's an anomaly". National Geographic. Archived from the original on November 26, 2022.
  37. ^ Graham, David A. (March 20, 2021). "The Republican Party's Irrational War on Voting Rights". The Atlantic. For decades, Democrats have sought to make voting easier and Republicans have sought to make it harder. Democrats argue that the right to vote is fundamental to American democracy, and that there should therefore be fewer barriers...Republicans mostly contend that such barriers are needed to prevent fraudulent voting, because any fraud taints democracy.
  38. ISBN 978-0801450853
    .
  39. ^ Gumbel, Andrew (September 13, 2017). "America's shameful history of voter suppression". The Guardian.
  40. ^ McCarthy, Tom (April 7, 2021). "How Republicans are trying to prevent people from voting after 'stop the steal'". The Guardian.
  41. ^ a b c Riccardi, Nicholas; Biesecker, Michael (March 19, 2021). "'An all-hands moment': GOP rallies behind voting limits". Associated Press.
  42. ^ Childress, Sarah (May 31, 2012). ""Unprecedented" Number of Restrictive Voting Laws Being Introduced". PBS.
  43. ^ Bradner, Eric (September 12, 2018). "Discriminatory voter laws have surged in last 5 years, federal commission finds". CNN.
  44. ^ Lopez, German (November 4, 2016). "Southern states have closed down at least 868 polling places for the 2016 election". Vox.
  45. ^ Pearle, Lauren (November 28, 2016). "Fact-Checking Trump's Claims About 'Serious Voter Fraud'". ABC News.
  46. ^ Shear, Michael D.; Baker, Peter (January 25, 2017). "After His Claim of Voter Fraud, Trump Vows 'Major Investigation'". The New York Times.
  47. ^ Graham, David A. (November 28, 2016). "The Lasting Damage From Trump's False 'Voter Fraud' Allegations". The Atlantic.
  48. ^ a b c Gardner, Amy; Rabinowitz, Kate; Stevens, Harry (March 11, 2021). "How GOP-backed voting measures could create hurdles for tens of millions of voters". The Washington Post.
  49. ^ Lutz, Eric (March 2, 2021). "Republicans Are Taking a Sledgehammer to Voting Rights". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on September 26, 2022. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  50. ^ Scanlan, Quinn (September 22, 2020). "Here's how states have changed the rules around voting amid the coronavirus pandemic". ABC News.
  51. ^ "Changes to election dates, procedures, and administration in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  52. ^ Pildes, Richard H (October 30, 2021). "Early and Mail-In Voting for 2020 Election Expands Dramatically Despite Legal Fights". The Wall Street Journal.
  53. ^ "Changes to absentee/mail-in voting procedures in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020". Ballotpedia.
  54. ^ Parks, Mary Alice; Karson, Kendall (October 1, 2020). "A step-by-step look at Trump's falsehoods on mail-in voting: Analysis". ABC News.
  55. ^ Smith, Terrance (November 11, 2020). "Trump has longstanding history of calling elections 'rigged' if he doesn't like the results". ABC News.
  56. ^ a b Cummings, William; Garrison, Joey; Sergent, Jim (January 6, 2021). "By the numbers: President Donald Trump's failed efforts to overturn the election". USA Today.
  57. ^ King, Ledyard; Fritze, John (November 7, 2020). "Trump attorney Rudy Giuliani says Trump won't concede, revives baseless claims of voter fraud". USA Today.
  58. ^ Giles, Christopher; Horton, Jake (November 17, 2020). "US election 2020: Is Trump right about Dominion machines?". BBC News.
  59. ^ Collins, Ben (November 13, 2020). "QAnon's Dominion voter fraud conspiracy theory reaches the president". NBC News.
  60. ^ Kessler, Glenn (November 16, 2020). "Giuliani's fantasy parade of false voter-fraud claims". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 15, 2021.
  61. ^ Swenson, Ali (November 17, 2020). "Smartmatic does not own Dominion Voting Systems". Associated Press.
  62. ^ Qiu, Linda (November 19, 2020). "How Sidney Powell inaccurately cited Venezuela's elections as evidence of U.S. fraud". The New York Times.
  63. ^ Graham, David A. (January 6, 2021). "This Is a Coup". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  64. ^ Musgrave, Paul (January 6, 2021). "This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  65. ^ Jacobson, Louis (January 6, 2021). "Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide". PolitiFact. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  66. ^ Sanger, David E. (December 3, 2020). "Trump's Attempts to Overturn the Election Are Unparalleled in U.S. History". The New York Times.
  67. ^ Sherman, Amy; Valverde, Miriam (January 7, 2021). "Joe Biden is right that more than 60 of Trump's election lawsuits lacked merit". PolitiFact.
  68. ^ Fahrenthold, David A.; Reinhard, Beth; Viebeck, Elise; Brown, Emma (November 19, 2020). "Trump's escalating attacks put pressure on vote certification process". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 31, 2021.
  69. ^ Feuer, Alan (November 21, 2020). "Judge Dismisses Trump Lawsuit Seeking to Delay Certification in Pennsylvania". The New York Times.
  70. ^ Sprunt, Barbara (January 7, 2021). "Here Are The Republicans Who Objected To The Electoral College Count". NPR.
  71. ^ Broadwater, Luke (January 2, 2021). "Pence Welcomes Futile Bid by G.O.P. Lawmakers to Overturn Election". The New York Times.
  72. ^ Linton, Caroline (January 3, 2021). "Judge dismisses Gohmert's attempt to force Pence to decide election results". CBS News.
  73. ^ Frenkel, Sheera (November 13, 2020). "Beware of this misinformation from 'Stop the Steal' rallies this weekend". The New York Times.
  74. Buzzfeed News
    .
  75. ^ Keveney, Bill; Puente, Maria (January 13, 2021). "How conservative media stoked baseless election-fraud claims that motivated DC rioters". USA Today.
  76. ^ Paul, Kari (March 5, 2021). "A few rightwing 'super-spreaders' fueled bulk of election falsehoods, study says". The Guardian.
  77. ^ Shear, Michael D.; Saul, Stephanie (January 3, 2021). "Trump, in Taped Call, Pressured Georgia Official to 'Find' Votes to Overturn Election". The New York Times.
  78. ^ "Trump urges Georgia governor to call special session of state legislature". Reuters. December 5, 2020.
  79. ^ Sanger, David E.; Perlroth, Nicole (November 17, 2020). "Trump Fires Christopher Krebs, Official Who Disputed Election Fraud Claims". The New York Times.
  80. ^ Karni, Annie; Haberman, Maggie (January 5, 2021). "Pence's Choice: Side With the Constitution or His Boss". The New York Times.
  81. ^ Evon, Dan (December 23, 2020). "Can Veep Play the 'Pence Card' and Reject US Election Results?". Snopes.
  82. ^ Fandos, Nicholas (January 13, 2021). "Trump Impeached for Inciting Insurrection". The New York Times.
  83. ^ "How a mob of Trump supporters stormed the Capitol – visual guide". The Guardian. January 7, 2021.
  84. ^ "How a Presidential Rally Turned Into a Capitol Rampage". The New York Times. January 12, 2021.
  85. ^ Gardner, Amy (December 20, 2020). "How Trump drove the lie that the election was stolen, undermining voter trust in the outcome". The Washington Post.
  86. ^ Pilkington, Ed (January 24, 2021). "Donald Trump is gone but his big lie is a rallying call for rightwing extremists". The Guardian. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  87. ^ Stelter, Brian (January 11, 2021). "Experts warn that Trump's 'big lie' will outlast his presidency". CNN.
  88. ^ Rubin, Olivia; Bruggeman, Lucien (March 19, 2021). "'A direct response': How Trump's 2020 loss is dictating the future of elections in battleground states". ABC News.
  89. ^
  90. ^ Williamson, Kevin D. (April 6, 2021). "Why Not Fewer Voters?". National Review.
  91. ^ a b Bella, Timothy (March 13, 2021). "A GOP lawmaker says the 'quality' of a vote matters. Critics say that's 'straight out of Jim Crow.'". The Washington Post.
  92. ^ McLaughlin, Dan (March 31, 2021). "Not Everyone Should Be Made to Vote". National Review.
  93. ^ Samuels, Alex; Mejía, Elena; Rakich, Nathaniel (March 29, 2021). "The States Where Efforts To Restrict Voting Are Escalating". FiveThirtyEight.
  94. ^ Serwer, Adam (November 3, 2020). "How Texas Turned Purple". The Atlantic.
  95. ^ Multiple sources:
  96. ^ a b Sharp, John (March 15, 2021). "Voter suppression or election security? Alabama lawmakers squabble over election reforms". Mobile Real-Time News.
  97. ^ a b c Burkhalter, Eddie (March 18, 2021). "Alabama House, House committee mull Republican voting bills". Alabama Political Reporter.
  98. ^ Cason, Mike (March 18, 2021). "Alabama lawmakers approve ban on curbside voting". AL.com.
  99. ^ a b Lyman, Brian (March 3, 2021). "Alabama House committee approves ban on curbside voting". Montgomery Advertiser.
  100. ^ Lyman, Brian (March 17, 2021). "Alabama House committee OKs more absentee voting places, shorter mail application deadline". Montgomery Advertiser.
  101. ^ Petri, Chad (March 2, 2021). "Alabama Secretary of State part of GOP "vote integrity" effort". WKRG-TV.
  102. ^ Eric, Bradner; Rappard, Anna-Maja (September 24, 2021). "Final report from partisan Arizona review confirms Biden defeated Trump in Maricopa County last November". CNN. Archived from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  103. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived
    from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  104. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived
    from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  105. ^ Clark, Dartunorro (January 6, 2022). "Cyber Ninjas, company that led Arizona GOP election 'audit,' is shutting down". NBC News.
  106. ^ Cooper, Jonathan J.; Christie, Bob (April 7, 2022). "Arizona AG letter offers no proof of 2020 election fraud". Associated Press.
  107. ^ Bradner, Eric; Gallagher, Dianne (March 11, 2021). "Arizona Republican lawmakers join GOP efforts to target voting, with nearly two dozen restrictive voting measures". CNN.
  108. ^ Cooper, Jonathan J. (March 9, 2021). "Arizona Senate votes to require ID with mailed ballot". The Arizona Republic.
  109. ^ Gamino, Gabriel (February 19, 2021). "Arizona leads country with 'voter suppression' bills, institute finds". KTAR News.
  110. ^ a b Garcia, Nicole; Lum, Justin (January 21, 2021). "Voting rights advocates decry GOP bills in Arizona State Legislature, saying it amounts to voter suppression". Fox 10 Phoenix.
  111. ^ a b c Mason, Melanie (February 26, 2021). "The battle over voting restrictions is playing out nationwide. Arizona Republicans are leading the way". Los Angeles Times.
  112. ^ a b Berman, Ari (March 18, 2021). "Arizona Is Rolling Back Voting Rights, and Kyrsten Sinema Is Refusing to Stop It". Mother Jones.
  113. ^ Gallagher, Dianne; Mena, Kelly; Bruer, Wesley (February 25, 2021). "Arizona Republicans propose giving lawmakers -- not election officials -- final review of election results". CNN.
  114. ^ Berman, Ari (February 4, 2021). "After Trump Failed to Overturn the 2020 Election, Republicans Are Trying to Steal the Next One". Mother Jones.
  115. ^ Mena, Kelly (April 6, 2022). "Arizona Supreme Court dismisses GOP lawsuit aimed at eliminating early voting". CNN.
  116. ^ Sherman, Amy (March 17, 2022). "Voting by mail has been popular in Arizona for decades. Now the state GOP wants to ban it". PolitiFact.
  117. ^ Brantley, Max (February 1, 2021). "Arkansas Republicans join vote suppression parade with stiffer ID requirement UPDATE". Arkansas Times.
  118. ^ a b "Voting Laws Roundup: March 2021". Brennan Center for Justice. April 1, 2021.
  119. ^ "Arkansas Republicans propose changing end date of early voting". KTHV. March 8, 2021.
  120. ^ Timm, Jane C. (February 19, 2021). "Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis calls for restrictive new voting laws". NBC News.
  121. ^ a b c d Veronica, Stracqualursi (February 19, 2021). "Florida GOP Gov. DeSantis proposes voting restriction bills for state lawmakers to pass this session". CNN.
  122. ^ Peters, Cameron (February 21, 2021). "Florida Republicans want to impose new voting restrictions. They're not the only ones". Vox.
  123. Sun-Sentinel
    . Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  124. ^
    Sun-Sentinel
    .
  125. ^ Contorno, Steve. "DeSantis wants voters' signatures to match. Would his pass the test?". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  126. ^ Angel, Greg (February 22, 2021). "Gov. DeSantis Proposes Changes to Florida's Vote-by-Mail Laws". Bay News 9.
  127. ^ Riccardi, Nicholas; Calvan, Bobby Caina (2021). "Florida is a model for voting. The GOP wants change anyway". Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 22, 2022.
  128. ^
    ISSN 0190-8286
    . Retrieved May 3, 2021.
  129. ^ Mena, Kelly; Kelly, Caroline; Schouten, Fredreka (May 6, 2021). "Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis signs restrictive voting bill". CNN. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  130. ^ Ax, Joseph (March 31, 2022). "Florida judge blocks new GOP-backed voting law". Colorado Springs Gazette. Reuters. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  131. ^ "Federal Judge Rules Florida's New Voting Restrictions Are Unconstitutional". Newsweek. March 31, 2022. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  132. ^ Daniels, Eugene; Okun, Eli (March 31, 2022). "POLITICO Playbook PM: Advocates applaud Biden's transgender policy moves". Politico. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  133. ^ Barrow, Bill (March 17, 2021). "Warnock: GOP voting restrictions resurrect 'Jim Crow era'". Associated Press.
  134. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  135. ^ a b Mena, Kelly; Schouten, Fredreka; Gallagher, Dianne (March 25, 2021). "Georgia Republicans speed sweeping elections bill restricting voting access into law". CNN.
  136. ^ Mansoor, Sanya (March 26, 2021). "Georgia Has Enacted Sweeping Changes to Its Voting Law. Here's Why Voting Rights Advocates Are Worried". Time. Archived from the original on March 26, 2021.
  137. ^ a b c Corasaniti, Nick (March 29, 2021). "Georgia G.O.P. Passes Major Law to Limit Voting Amid Nationwide Push". The New York Times.
  138. ^ Nadler, Ben; Amy, Jeff (March 26, 2021). "EXPLAINER: What does Georgia's new GOP election law do?". Associated Press.
  139. ^ a b Williams, Pete (March 30, 2021). "Georgia faces growing number of legal challenges over new voting law". NBC News.
  140. ^ Mena, Kelly (February 19, 2021). "Advocates say new Georgia GOP voting bill targets Black voters". CNN.
  141. ^ Timm, Jane C. (March 25, 2021). "Georgia governor signs sweeping election regulations into law. There are even restrictions on snacks". NBC News.
  142. ^ Grayer, Annie; Kirkland, Pamela (September 2, 2020). "Georgia likely removed nearly 200k from voter rolls wrongfully, report says". CNN.
  143. ^ Wines, Michael (July 31, 2016). "Critics See Efforts by Counties and Towns to Purge Minority Voters From Rolls". The New York Times.
  144. ^ a b Niesse, Mark (February 23, 2021). "Bill requiring ID for absentee voting passes Georgia Senate". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
  145. ^ Nadler, Ben; Yoganathan, Anila (March 1, 2021). "Georgia House passes GOP bill rolling back voting access". Associated Press.
  146. ^ Richards, Doug (March 1, 2021). "Georgia House passes GOP election bill that would add restrictions to voting process". 11 Alive.
  147. ^ Scott, Eugene (February 24, 2021). "New Georgia legislation would curb 'souls to the polls'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022.
  148. ^ "America's battle over election laws". The Economist. March 13, 2021.
  149. ^ a b Ingraham, Christopher (July 29, 2016). "The 'smoking gun' proving North Carolina Republicans tried to disenfranchise black voters". The Washington Post.
  150. ^ "GOP Sen. Cindy Hyde-Smith to Schumer: The Sabbath is on Sunday". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. March 24, 2021.
  151. ^ Carter, Josh (March 24, 2021). "Hyde-Smith: Mississippians don't vote on Sundays because that's the Sabbath". WLBT.
  152. ^ Niesse, Mark (March 22, 2021). "Georgia panel passes bill to limit drop boxes, expand weekend voting". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
  153. ^ Niesse, Mark; Wickert, David (March 8, 2021). "Georgia Senate votes to eliminate no-excuse absentee voting". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
  154. ^ Niesse, Mark (March 9, 2021). "Bills to limit Georgia voting access reach legislative endgame". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
  155. ^ Ingraham, Christopher (March 15, 2021). "Georgia business community expresses concern over voting restrictions". The Washington Post.
  156. ^ Schouten, Fredreka; Mena, Kelly (March 22, 2021). "Putting 'cologne on Jim Crow': Georgia GOP lawmakers drive toward new voting restrictions". CNN.
  157. ^ Schouten, Fredreka; Mena, Kelly (March 17, 2021). "Georgia Republicans make unexpected push on another bill to restrict voting". CNN.
  158. ^ Fowler, Stephen (March 23, 2021). "What's Similar (And Different) About Georgia's Two Omnibus Voting Bills". Georgia Public Broadcasting.
  159. ^ a b Nadler, Ben; Amy, Jeff (March 25, 2021). "Georgia Gov. Kemp signs GOP election bill amid an outcry". Associated Press.
  160. ^ a b Montellaro, Zach (March 25, 2021). "Georgia enacts law adding ID requirement to absentee voting". Politico.
  161. ^ Isenstadt, Alex; Montellaro, Zach (March 21, 2021). "Trump looks to take down Raffensperger in Georgia". Politico.
  162. ^ Dale, Daniel (March 29, 2021). "Fact check: Trump-backed candidate for Georgia elections chief begins campaign with false claims about 2020 election". CNN.
  163. ^ Fausset, Richard; Saul, Stephanie (November 11, 2020). "Georgia's Close Elections Sent Republicans After a Republican". The New York Times.
  164. ^ Siders, David; Montellaro, Zach (March 28, 2021). "'He's toast': GOP leaves Raffensperger twisting in the wind". Politico.
  165. ^ Beauchamp, Zack (March 26, 2021). "Georgia's restrictive new voting law, explained". Vox.
  166. ^ Kirkland, Pamela (March 30, 2021). "Civil rights groups file third federal lawsuit challenging new Georgia voting law". CNN.
  167. ^ Nadler, Ben; Amy, Jeff (March 26, 2021). "EXPLAINER: What does Georgia's new GOP election law do?". Associated Press.
  168. ^ Nadler, Ben; Amy, Jeff (March 29, 2021). "Georgia's new GOP election law draws criticism, lawsuits". Associated Press.
  169. ^ a b "Not so peachy: Georgia's new voting law triggers legal challenges". The Economist. April 3, 2021. Archived from the original on March 31, 2021.
  170. ^ Rakich, Nathaniel; Skelley, Geoffrey; Bronner, Laura; Wolfe, Julia (January 7, 2021). "How Democrats Won The Georgia Runoffs". FiveThirtyEight.
  171. ^ Nilsen, Ella (January 15, 2021). "Georgia went blue. Can Democrats make it happen elsewhere?". Vox.
  172. ^ Treisman, Rachel (April 1, 2021). "'Based On A Lie' — Georgia Voting Law Faces Wave Of Corporate Backlash". NPR.
  173. ^ a b Yamanouchi, Kelly; Bluestein, Greg; Kempner, Matt (March 31, 2021). "Coke, Delta oppose Georgia's 'unacceptable' voting law". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
  174. ^ Wilson, Reid (April 1, 2021). "GOP Georgia state legislators try to punish Delta after elections bill criticism". The Hill.
  175. ^ Reston, Maeve (April 4, 2021). "As restrictive voting bills multiply, GOP signals it won't bow to corporate pressure". CNN. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  176. ^ Shalvey, Kevin (April 4, 2021). "Donald Trump has expanded his list of 'woke' companies to boycott, due to their opposition to Georgia's voting law". Business Insider.
  177. ^ Murray, Sara; Morris, Jason (April 7, 2021). "Georgia's GOP lieutenant governor says Giuliani's false fraud claims helped lead to restrictive voting law". CNN.
  178. ^ Norimine, Hayat (March 4, 2021). "Legislature weighs 6 bills that may affect the way you vote, how your ballot is counted". East Idaho News.
  179. ^ Russell, Betsy (February 17, 2021). "Legislature again goes after ballot initiative process". KTVB.
  180. ^ a b "'Voting shouldn't be easy'? Idaho's laws shouldn't be based on rumors, Trump's 'big lie'". Idaho Statesman. February 12, 2021.
  181. ^ Ridler, Keith (February 22, 2021). "Idaho panel OKs less restrictive 'ballot harvesting' bill". Associated Press.
  182. IndyStar
    . Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  183. ^ Mendoza, Carolina Puga (April 22, 2021). "Bill to change Indiana absentee voting rules dies". Archived from the original on April 23, 2021. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  184. ^ LeBlanc, Paul (March 9, 2021). "Iowa governor signs controversial law shortening early and Election Day voting". CNN.
  185. ^ a b c "Iowa governor signs Republican bill restricting voting access into law". NBC News. March 8, 2021.
  186. ^ a b Blake, Aaron (March 10, 2021). "The most extreme voting restrictions proposed by the GOP". The Washington Post.
  187. ^ "Bill would limit who could return voters' absentee ballots". KSHB-TV. February 13, 2021.
  188. ^ a b Chung, Rebekah (January 28, 2021). "Kansas Senate bill could remove option for extending advance ballot voting deadline". KSNT.
  189. ^ Chung, Rebekuh (March 13, 2021). "Kansas lawmakers plan to urge Congress to oppose H.R. 1, call massive voting rights bill a 'political ploy'". WAVY-TV.
  190. ^ a b Bernard, Katie (March 31, 2021). "'Voter suppression': Kansas lawmakers advance changes to take control of elections". The Kansas City Star.
  191. ^ Hanna, John (April 1, 2021). "GOP lawmakers advance measure to tighten Kansas voting laws". Associated Press.
  192. ^ "S Sub for HB2183". Kansas State Legislature. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  193. ^ "HB 2332". Kansas State Legislature. January 17, 2023.
  194. ^ "Kansas attorney general will enforce voting law where district attorney refuses".
  195. ^ "New Laws Have Basically Ended Voter Registration Drives In Some Parts Of The U.S." NPR. August 23, 2021.
  196. ^ Smith, Sherman (February 20, 2021). "Kansas officials rack up $4M bill in defense of Kris Kobach's baseless voter fraud law". The Kansas City Star.
  197. ^ a b c d Barton, Ryland (March 9, 2021). "Kentucky Election Reform Effort Gets Bipartisan Backing". NPR.
  198. ^ Douglas, Joshua A. (February 26, 2021). "Keep your eye on Kentucky's voting plans". CNN.
  199. ^ "#MSLeg Roundup: New Mississippi Voting Restrictions Passed". March 15, 2023.
  200. ^ Sakariassen, Alex (February 10, 2021). "Debating integrity". Montana Free Press.
  201. ^ a b Mayer, Audrey (March 11, 2021). "Montana House passes bill aiming to end same day voter registration". Fairfield Sun Times. Archived from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  202. KTVH
    .
  203. ^ a b Wilson, Sam (February 3, 2021). "Montana lawmakers weigh new voter ID restrictions". Independent Record.
  204. ^ Ferguson-Bohnee, Patty (February 9, 2020). "How the Native American Vote Continues to be Suppressed". American Bar Association.
  205. ^ Hanson, Amy Beth (February 27, 2021). "Montana bill would make voting easier for Native Americans". Associated Press.
  206. ^ Aadland, Chris (February 26, 2021). "Bill would expand Native voting rights as Republican lawmakers push restrictions". Montana Free Press.
  207. ^ Charms, David (February 22, 2021). "Nevada Republicans introduce voter identification bill; law would also require dead voters' names be scrubbed". KLAS-TV.
  208. ^ Levine, Sam (December 5, 2019). "Republicans win in effort to limit 'liberal' student vote in key 2020 races". The Guardian.
  209. ^ Weinberg, Abigail (March 9, 2021). "New Hampshire Republicans Wage War on Student Voting Rights". Mother Jones.
  210. ^ Wessel, Ben (February 17, 2021). "New Hampshire is Ground Zero for Student Voting Rights". Democracy Docket.
  211. ^ "Voting Laws Roundup: February 2021". Brennan Center for Justice. February 8, 2021.
  212. ^ a b Maidment, Christopher (January 20, 2021). "New GOP bill would change how NH hands out Electoral College votes". New Hampshire Union Leader.
  213. ^ DiStaso, John (July 30, 2021). "Sununu signs Republican-backed bill asserting NH's authority over its own elections". WMUR-TV.
  214. ^ Modersitzki, Tanya (February 5, 2021). "Oklahoma representative looking to pass bill that removes voting machines". Fox 23.
  215. ^ Washington, Destiny (November 18, 2020). "Oklahoma state senators file series of election integrity bills". Fox 25.
  216. ^ Axelrod, Tal (December 11, 2020). "Texas GOP chair floats secession for 'law-abiding states' after Supreme Court defeat". The Hill. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  217. Texas Tribune
    .
  218. ^ a b c Nowlin, Sanford (February 1, 2021). "Texas among the states where lawmakers have filed the most bills to restrict voting access". San Antonio Current. Archived from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  219. ^
    Dallas Morning News
    .
  220. ^ a b Ura, April (April 1, 2021). "Texas Senate advances bill limiting how and when voters can cast ballots, receive mail-in voting applications". The Texas Tribune.
  221. ^ a b Salam, Erum; Levine, Sam (March 18, 2021). "Texas Republicans pushing slate of bills to make voting even harder in state". The Guardian.
  222. ^ a b c Timm, Jane C. (March 15, 2021). "Texas GOP launches avalanche of bills to curtail voting". NBC News.
  223. ^ Corasaniti, Nick (April 24, 2021). "Republicans Target Voter Access in Texas Cities, but Not Rural Areas". The New York Times.
  224. ^ Ura, Alexa (March 15, 2021). "Gov. Greg Abbott formally opens Texas GOP bid to clamp down on local efforts expanding voting access". ABC 13.
  225. ^ Wilson, Wes; Falcon, Russell; Glynn, Maggie; Falcon, Hannah (March 15, 2021). "Gov. Greg Abbott takes aim at 'voter fraud' with elections bill — including attempts to 'expand' voting". KXAN-TV.
  226. ^ "Voting Laws Roundup: January 2021". Brennan Center for Justice. January 26, 2021.
  227. ^ Timm, Jane C. (March 15, 2021). "Texas GOP launches avalanche of bills to curtail voting". NBC News.
  228. ^ Alexander, Chloe (March 15, 2021). "Gov. Abbott says election legislation needed to reduce potential voter fraud in Texas". KHOU.
  229. ^ a b O'Hanlon, Morgan (March 25, 2021). "Testimony on key Texas voting bill called off after chairman blunders House committee rules". The Dallas Morning News.
  230. ^ Brown, Roz (March 25, 2021). "Bills to Restrict Voting Head to Texas Legislature". Public News Service.
  231. ^ Lindell, Chuck (March 22, 2021). "Senate Democrats block GOP election bills, for now". Austin American-Statesman.
  232. ^ Flores, Christian (March 26, 2021). "TX Senate Committee discussing election integrity bill after Monday delay". CBS Austin.
  233. ^ Duster, Chandelis (December 10, 2021). "The Texas attorney general taking Trump's voter fraud conspiracies to the Supreme Court". CNN.
  234. ^ Goldstein, Taylor (December 22, 2020). "Ken Paxton's beefed-up 2020 voter fraud unit closed 16 minor cases, all in Harris County". Houston Chronicle.
  235. ^ Strickland, Patrick (March 13, 2021). "Election Integrity or Voter Suppression? Watchdogs Blast Texas Senate Bill". Dallas Observer.
  236. KVUE
    .
  237. ^ "Beto O'Rourke drives 8.5 hours to fight voter suppression in Texas". MSNBC. March 25, 2021.
  238. ^ "Democrats in Texas State Senate Fend Off Republicans' Latest Assault On Voting Rights". Texas Democratic Party. March 23, 2021. Archived from the original on March 25, 2021. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  239. ^ Findell, Elizabeth (July 12, 2021). "Texas Democrats to Stage Walkout to Kill Voting Bill". Wall Street Journal – via www.wsj.com.
  240. ^ Timm, Jane C. (September 7, 2021). "Texas Gov. Abbott signs sweeping election bill into law". NBC News. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
  241. ^ Finn, Teagann (November 4, 2021). "Justice Department sues Texas over voting restrictions in new election law". NBC News. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
  242. ^ a b Reynolds, Nick (February 8, 2021). "Wyoming GOP pushes strict limits on absentee balloting". Casper Star-Tribune.
  243. ^ Hirst, Greg (March 5, 2021). "Wyoming GOP call U.S. House voting reform bill an unconstitutional power grab". Oil City News.
  244. ^ Jenkins, Cameron (April 8, 2021). "Wyoming governor signs voter ID bill". The Hill.
  245. ^ Erickson, Camille (March 1, 2021). "Voter ID bill gains initial approval from Wyoming House of Representatives". Casper Star-Tribune.
  246. ^ Wheeler, Catherine (March 12, 2021). "Wyoming's Legislature Considering Voter ID Law". Wyoming Public Media.
  247. ^ "Lawmaker introduces bill to limit by-mail voting in Alaska". Associated Press. January 24, 2021.
  248. ^ Brooks, James (January 23, 2021). "New proposal from Wasilla senator would limit by-mail voting in Anchorage, Juneau and other Alaska cities". Anchorage Daily News.
  249. ^
    Denver Post
    .
  250. ^ Fish, Sandra; Vo, Thy (February 22, 2021). "Republicans propose big changes to Colorado's elections, including scaling back mail and in-person voting". The Colorado Sun.
  251. ^ Pazniokas, Mark (March 5, 2021). "Republicans on key committee oppose no-excuse absentee ballot voting". The Connecticut Mirror.
  252. ^ Dixon, Ken (January 27, 2021). "Fined for not voting? Bill would create $20 penalty for non-voters". Connecticut Post.
  253. ^ Waldman, Tyler (February 4, 2021). "Republican state senators introduce suite of voting law proposals". WBAL-TV.
  254. ^ Leckrone, Bennett (February 4, 2021). "Senate Republicans Announce Voter ID, Signature Verification Bills". Maryland Matters.
  255. ^ a b c d Boucher, Dave; Hendrickson, Clara (March 24, 2021). "Michigan GOP senators file 39 election reform bills Democrats call racist, based on lies". Detroit Free Press.
  256. ^ a b c Mauger, Craig (March 24, 2021). "Republicans seek Michigan election law changes after 2020 losses". The Detroit News.
  257. ^ a b Gallagher, Dianne; LeBlanc, Paul (March 24, 2021). "Michigan Republicans push for sweeping voting restrictions with new election bills". CNN.
  258. ^ Oosting, Jonathan (March 24, 2021). "Michigan GOP unveils election 'reforms.' Most would make voting harder". Bridge Michigan.
  259. ^ Block, Melissa (January 26, 2021). "Can The Forces Unleashed By Trump's Big Election Lie Be Undone?". NPR.
  260. ^ Mauger, Craig (March 26, 2021). "Michigan GOP leader reveals plans to go around Whitmer for voting law overhaul". The Detroit News.
  261. ^ a b c "GOP-Backed Voter ID Bill Flares Minnesota's Election Law Fight". WCCO-TV. January 27, 2021.
  262. ^ a b Bierschbach, Briana; Montemayor, Stephen (March 6, 2021). "Voting rights clash brewing at Minnesota Capitol". Star Tribune.
  263. ^ Karnowski, Steve (January 27, 2021). "Minnesota's election law fight heats up over voter ID bill". Associated Press.
  264. ^ a b c d "Mississippi Senate passes bill that would allow quicker purging of names from voter rolls". CBS WJTV. February 10, 2021.
  265. ^ a b Harrison, Bobby (February 10, 2021). "Senate passes 'voter fraud' bill that some say could disenfranchise Black Mississippians". Mississippi Today.
  266. ^ a b c Rowe, Keisha (January 26, 2021). "Bill that could allow inactive Mississippi voters to be purged moves ahead in state Senate". The Clarion-Ledger.
  267. ^ Warren, Anthony (January 26, 2021). "ACLU Decries Senate Bill as 'Voter Suppression Tool'". American Civil Liberties Union.
  268. ^ Palmer, Tod (August 31, 2020). "Missouri voting laws among nation's most restrictive". KSHB NBC.
  269. ^ Murphy, Doyle (February 4, 2021). "Missouri Ranks Third in Voter Suppression Legislation, Report Finds". Riverfront Times. Archived from the original on March 12, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  270. ^ Shorman, Jonathan; Lowry, Bryan; Hoover, Sydney (February 1, 2021). "'About power.' Lawmakers in Kansas, Missouri race to change voting laws after election". The Kansas City Star.
  271. ^ Driscoll, Jaclyn (February 24, 2021). "Missouri House Approves Legislation Requiring Photo Identification To Vote". St. Louis Public Radio.
  272. ^ a b Suntrup, Jack (March 10, 2021). "GOP lawmakers move to make it harder to change Missouri constitution". St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
  273. ^ a b Dunker, Chris (January 7, 2021). "Nebraska senator proposes voter ID, moving state back to winner-take-all". Lincoln Journal Star.
  274. ^ Stanley, Natalie (February 27, 2021). "Bills would change Nebraska's voting process". Nebraska News Service.
  275. ^ a b Dillon, A.P. (March 24, 2021). "Election Integrity Act filed at NC General Assembly". North State Journal.
  276. ^ Kampis, Johnny (March 23, 2021). "Election Integrity Act would require that absentee ballots be turned in sooner". Carolina Journal.
  277. ^ Choi, Cindy (March 19, 2021). "N.C. political science experts break down absentee ballots and the Election Integrity Act". WITN-TV.
  278. ^ Quttaineh, Raya (January 28, 2021). "North Dakota lawmakers introduce bills impacting voting rights". KVRR.
  279. ^ Lambe, Jerry (February 26, 2021). "North Dakota Senate Passes Bill to Hide Future Presidential Vote Counts From Public View Until After Electoral College Meets". Law & Crime.
  280. ^ Meyer, Katie (January 4, 2021). "Facing pressure from Trump and constituents, Pa. GOP aims to limit expanded voting". PBS WHYY.
  281. ^ Murphy, Jan (December 1, 2020). "Pa. GOP lawmaker calls for repealing state's newly expanded mail-in voting option". PennLive.
  282. ^ "GOP lawmakers in 28 states, including Pa., have introduced more than 100 bills seeking to restrict ballot access | Analysis". Pennsylvania Capital-Star. February 16, 2021.
  283. ^ Routh, Julian (February 7, 2021). "Pennsylvania's voting laws likely to change, but not in a big way". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  284. ^ Barber, Benjamin (February 12, 2021). "Republicans ramp up efforts to suppress voting in Southern states". Facing South.
  285. ^ Lovegrove, Jamie (February 16, 2021). "After expanding majority, Republicans look to take more control over SC elections". The Post and Courier.
  286. ^ a b Groves, Stephen (February 12, 2021). "South Dakota lawmakers weigh voting laws amid election doubt". Associated Press.
  287. ^ Groves, Stephen (February 16, 2021). "GOP lawmakers' legislation seeks to increase scrutiny on ballot initiatives". Rapid City Journal.
  288. ^ Round, Ian (February 20, 2021). "Ballot integrity or voter suppression? GOP pushes post-Trump election laws for Tennessee". Chattanooga Times Free Press.
  289. ^ Harris, Gerald (February 23, 2021). "Tennessee bill to abolish early voting and machines is withdrawn". WREG-TV.
  290. ^ Reimann, Nicholas (February 23, 2021). "Tennessee Republicans Propose Using Fingerprints For Voter ID". Forbes.
  291. ^ Ramson, Richard (March 1, 2021). "Why are Republican lawmakers in Tennessee trying to make it more difficult to vote?". ABC 24.
  292. ^ "Tennessee Republicans seek to oust judge who OK'd expansion of absentee voting amid pandemic". MarketWatch. March 9, 2021.
  293. ^ a b c Sweren-Becker, Eliza; Klain, Hannah (February 19, 2021). "The fight for voting rights — in 2021". The Seattle Times.
  294. ^ Bowman, Emma (August 1, 2020). "Mail-In Voting Is 'Not Rampant Voter Fraud,' Says Washington's Top Election Official". NPR.
  295. ^ a b c d "Republicans propose voting changes in battleground Wisconsin". Associated Press. February 23, 2021.
  296. ^ a b c White, Laurel (February 24, 2021). "State Lawmakers Unveil Slew Of Proposed Election Law Changes In Wisconsin". Wisconsin Public Radio.
  297. ^ Marley, Patrick (December 14, 2020). "Wisconsin Supreme Court says individuals can determine for themselves whether they can avoid the voter ID law because of age or disability". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
  298. ^ a b Reilly, Briana (February 24, 2021). "Wisconsin Republicans add more bills to restrict absentee voting practices". The Capital Times.
  299. ^ Kowles, Naomi (February 24, 2021). "Proposed changes to Wisconsin voting laws likely to move forward, GOP leaders say". CBS Channel 3000.
  300. ^ Epstein, Reid (May 22, 2021). "Republicans Move to Limit a Grass-Roots Tradition of Direct Democracy". The New York Times.
  301. ^ a b Phillips, Morgan (February 23, 2021). "Cuccinelli to lead initiative to take on Democrats' sweeping HR 1 election bill". Fox News.
  302. ^ Peters, Jeremy W. (March 19, 2021). "In Restricting Early Voting, the Right Sees a New 'Center of Gravity'". The New York Times.
  303. ^ Bluestein, Greg (February 22, 2021). "Loeffler launches group to boost GOP turnout, promote 'big tent' policies". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
  304. ^ Mills, Ryan (February 26, 2021). "Kelly Loeffler Wants to Counter Democrats' Voter Registration Advantage with Greater Georgia". National Review.
  305. ^ Schwartz, Brian (January 13, 2021). "Dark-money GOP fund funneled millions of dollars to groups that pushed voter fraud claims". CNBC.
  306. ^ Slodysko, Brian (April 5, 2021). "Corporations gave over $50M to voting restriction backers". Associated Press.
  307. ^ "All the companies opposing Georgia's voting restrictions". The Independent. April 8, 2021.
  308. ^ Sider, Chip Cutter, Suzanne Vranica and Alison (April 10, 2021). "With Georgia Voting Law, the Business of Business Becomes Politics". Wall Street Journal – via www.wsj.com.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  309. ^ Kenning, Chris. "Mitch McConnell warns corporate America to stay out of politics (unless it's contributions)". The Courier-Journal.
  310. ^ Frankel, Todd (April 11, 2021). "More than 100 corporate executives hold call to discuss halting donations and investments to fight controversial voting bills". The Washington Post.
  311. ISSN 0099-9660
    . Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  312. ^ "Big-business pushback against voting measures gains momentum". AP NEWS. April 14, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  313. ^ Miao, Hannah (April 14, 2021). "Hundreds of corporations, business leaders, celebs sign statement against voting restrictions". CNBC. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  314. ^ Valinsky, Jordan (April 14, 2021). "Amazon, Google, GM, Starbucks and hundreds of companies join to oppose voting restrictions". CNN. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  315. ^ Gelles, David; Sorkin, Andrew Ross (April 12, 2021). "Defying Republicans, Big Companies Keep the Focus on Voting Rights". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024.
  316. ^ Benen, Steve (April 6, 2021). "McConnell demands corporate silence on GOP voter-suppression efforts". MSNBC. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  317. ^ Elliott, Philip (April 7, 2021). "Mitch McConnell Tries to Have it Both Ways on Corporate Cash". Time. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  318. ^ Kaplan, Talia (April 15, 2021). "Ted Cruz: Big corporations becoming 'the woke enforcers of the Democratic Party'". FOXBusiness. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  319. ^ "Top Republicans Work To Rebrand GOP As Party Of Working Class". NPR.org. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  320. ^ Waldman, Paul (April 14, 2021). "Opinion | Republicans want to be a working class party. But not that much". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  321. ^ Stanton, Zack (April 15, 2021). "The GOP-Big Business Divorce Goes Deeper Than You Think". POLITICO. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  322. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  323. ISSN 0028-6583
    . Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  324. ^ Newell, Jim (April 5, 2021). "Why Republicans Are Pretending to Hate Corporate America Now". Slate Magazine. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  325. ^ Serwer, Adam (April 6, 2021). "'Woke Capital' Doesn't Exist". The Atlantic. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  326. ^ Keating, Joshua (April 7, 2021). "American Republicans and Chinese Communists Use the Same Tactic to Deflect Criticism". Slate Magazine. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  327. ^ Shaw, Adam (April 3, 2021). "Crenshaw, Rubio slam Biden, MLB over Georgia boycott, ask if China will be next". Fox News. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  328. ^ Oshin, Olafimihan (April 6, 2021). "Trump: 'Boycott all of the woke companies' opposing voter laws like Georgia's". TheHill. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  329. ^ Falconer, Rebecca (April 4, 2021). "Trump calls for boycott of more companies over Georgia voting law". Axios. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  330. ^ Garrison, Joey; Barry, Deborah Barfield (March 25, 2021). "'It's sick': Biden slams Republican efforts in state legislatures to limit voting rights". USA Today.
  331. ^ Rakich, Nathaniel (April 2, 2021). "Americans Oppose Many Voting Restrictions — But Not Voter ID Laws". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  332. ^ Schulte, Gabriela (May 3, 2021). "Poll: Plurality of voters say stricter laws needed to prevent voter fraud". TheHill. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  333. ^ "Poll: Nearly 6 in 10 Republicans say they will not vote for any candidate who admits Biden won 'fair and square'". news.yahoo.com. January 27, 2022. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  334. ^ "Voting by mail and absentee voting". MIT Election Lab. March 16, 2021.
  335. ^ a b Cohn, Nate (April 3, 2021). "Georgia's Election Law, and Why Turnout Isn't Easy to Turn Off". The New York Times.
  336. ^ Kilgore, Ed (March 9, 2021). "Why the Voting-by-Mail Fight May Be a Sideshow". New York.
  337. ^ Lopez, German (February 21, 2019). "A new study finds voter ID laws don't reduce voter fraud — or voter turnout". Vox.
  338. ^ Pryor, Ben; Davis, James; Herrick, Rebekah (April 4, 2019). "Voter ID laws don't seem to suppress minority votes – despite what many claim". The Conversation.
  339. ^ Visram, Talib (July 3, 2020). "Strict voter ID laws directly reduce minority turnout". Fast Company.
  340. ^ a b Hopkins, Dan (August 21, 2018). "What We Know About Voter ID Laws". FiveThirtyEight.
  341. ^ Rakich, Nathaniel (January 30, 2019). "Early-Voting Laws Probably Don't Boost Turnout". FiveThirtyEight.
  342. ^ Kasdan, Diana (2013). "Early Voting: What Works" (PDF). Brennan Center for Justice.
  343. ^ Fessler, Pam (April 11, 2019). "Report: Voter Rolls Are Growing Owing To Automatic Voter Registration". NPR.
  344. ^ Rakich, Nathaniel (October 10, 2019). "What Happened When 2.2 Million People Were Automatically Registered To Vote". FiveThirtyEight.
  345. ISSN 1540-6237
    .
  346. ISSN 1047-1987
    .
  347. ISSN 1540-5907
    .
  348. S2CID 10525201
    .
  349. ^ Burden, Barry C.; Canon, David T.; Mayer, Kenneth R.; Moynihan, Donald P. (December 21, 2009). "The Effects and Costs of Early Voting, Election Day Registration, andSame Day Registration in the 2008 Elections" (PDF). Pew Charitable Trusts.
  350. S2CID 145629037
    .
  351. The Orlando Sentinel
    .
  352. ^ a b Badger, Emily (November 8, 2016). "Why Long Voting Lines Could Have Long-Term Consequences". The New York Times.
  353. PMID 32839636
    .
  354. ^ Gardner, Amy (November 4, 2019). "Study: Heavily minority precincts endured longer wait times to cast ballots in 2018". The Washington Post.
  355. ^ Bradner, Eric; Schouten, Fredreka (April 3, 2021). "Democratic-led states expand voting rights amid GOP push to restrict access". CNN.
  356. ^ Fandos, Nicholas (March 24, 2021). "Democrats Begin Push for Biggest Expansion of Voting Since 1960s". The New York Times.
  357. ^ a b Nilsen, Ella (March 3, 2021). "House Democrats' massive voting rights bill, explained". Vox.
  358. ^ Corasaniti, Nick (March 31, 2021). "Virginia's governor announces his support for a sweeping voting rights bill". The New York Times.
  359. ^ Romine, Taylor; Alonso, Melissa (March 31, 2021). "Virginia governor approves bill aimed at preventing voter suppression and discrimination in elections". CNN.
  360. ^ Fandos, Nicholas; Wines, Michael (March 15, 2021). "For Voting Rights Advocates, a 'Once in a Generation Moment' Looms". The New York Times.
  361. ^ Berry, Deborah Barfield (March 6, 2021). "Democrats and Republicans are battling over voting rights in Congress and at statehouses. Which side will win?". USA Today.
  362. ^ Slodysko, Brian (March 5, 2021). "House passes sweeping voting rights bill over GOP opposition". Associated Press.
  363. ^ Thrush, Glenn (March 5, 2021). "More Democrats join the effort to kill the filibuster as a way of saving Biden's agenda". The New York Times. Retrieved March 15, 2021.
  364. ^ Raju, Manu; Fox, Lauren (March 25, 2021). "Democratic divisions on Biden's agenda broader than just Manchin". CNN.
  365. ^ Everett, Burgess; Levine, Marianne (March 17, 2021). "Biden's foray into filibuster fight leaves liberals no closer to victory". Politico.
  366. ^ "Voting Rights Communication Pipelines: Georgia after Shelby County v. Holder". Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  367. ^ Sewell, Terri A. (July 27, 2020). "H.R.4 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2019". www.congress.gov. Retrieved April 21, 2021.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republican_efforts_to_restrict_voting_following_the_2020_presidential_election&oldid=1220765815"