Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) | |||||||||
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Part of the series of Russo-Turkish wars | |||||||||
Clockwise, from top left: The Battle of Kinburn, The Siege of Ochakov, The Siege of Izmail, The Battle of Rymnik | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Montenegro Habsburg monarchy | Sheikh Mansur Movement | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
) | |||||||||
Strength | |||||||||
100,000[1] 10,000+ |
280,000[2][notes 1] 25,000[3] | ||||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||||
59,000–72,000 killed[4] 3,000–4,000 killed[4] | 116,000–130,000 killed[4] |
The Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 involved an unsuccessful attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to the Russian Empire in the course of the previous Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). It took place concomitantly with the Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791), Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) and Theatre War
During the Russian-Turkish War of 1787–1792, on 25 September 1789, a detachment of the Imperial Russian Army under Alexander Suvorov and Ivan Gudovich, took Khadjibey and Yeni Dünya for the Russian Empire. In 1794, Odesa was founded by a decree of the Russian Empress Catherine the Great.
Russia formally gained possession of the Sanjak of Özi (Ochakiv Oblast) in 1792 and it became a part of Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty. The Russian Empire took full control of Crimea, as well as land between the Southern Bug and the Dniester.
Background
In May and June 1787,
War
In 1787, the Ottomans demanded that the Russians evacuate the Crimea and give up their holdings near the
The Ottoman Empire opened their offensive with an attack on two fortresses near
Although suffering a series of defeats against the Russians, the Ottoman Empire found some success against the Austrians, led by Emperor Joseph II, in Serbia and Transylvania.[14]
By 1789, the Ottoman Empire was being pressed back in Moldavia by Russian and Austrian forces.[15] To make matters worse, on 1 August the Russians under Suvorov attained a victory against the Ottomans led by Osman Pasha at Focsani,[7] followed by a Russian victory at Rymnik (or Rimnik) on 22 September, and drove them away from near the Râmnicul Sărat river.[15] Suvorov was given the title Count Rymniksky following the battle.[7] The Ottomans suffered more losses when the Austrians, under General Ernst Gideon von Laudon repelled an Ottoman invasion of Croatia, while an Austrian counterattack took Belgrade.[16]
A Greek revolt, which further drained the Ottoman war effort, brought about a truce between the Ottoman Empire and Austria.[17] Meanwhile, the Russians continued their advance when Suvorov captured the reportedly "impenetrable" Ottoman fortress of Izmail at the entrance of the Danube, in December 1790;[17] this became possible also due to Fyodor Ushakov's victory at Tendra.[18] A final Ottoman defeat at Machin (9 July 1791),[19][7] coupled with Russian concerns about Prussia entering the war,[20] led to a truce agreed upon on 31 July 1791.[19] After the capture of the fortress, Suvorov marched upon Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), where the Russians hoped they could establish a Christian empire.[7] However, as Prof. Timothy C. Dowling states, the slaughters that were committed in the ensuing period somewhat defiled Suvorov's reputation in many eyes, and there were allegations at the time that he was drunk at the Siege of Ochakov.[7] Persistent rumors about his actions were spread and circulated, and in 1791 he was relocated to Finland.[7]
Aftermath
Accordingly, the
See also
- Anapa Campaign (1787) — First Russian campaign against the Anapa fortress
- Anapa Campaign (1788)— Second Russian campaign against the Anapa fortress
- Anapa Campaign (1790) — Third Russian campaign against the Anapa fortress
- Siege of Anapa (1791) — successful Russian siege and capture of the Anapa fortress
Notes
- ^ This includes the Ottoman troops fighting in the Austro-Turkish War.
References
- ISBN 978-5-7117-0059-3.
- ^ According to Andrey Nikolaevich Petrov, campaign of 1788
- ^ "Новая страница (1)". runivers.ru.
- ^ a b c "Victimario Histórico Militar".
- ^ Stone 1994, p. 134.
- ^ Dowling 2015, p. 744.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Dowling 2014, p. 841.
- ^ Cunningham 1993, p. 2.
- ISBN 978-0-429-81251-4.
- ^ ÖZCAN MERT. "ÇAPANOĞULLARI". İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Archived from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ISBN 978-0-521-57455-6.
- ^ a b c Tucker 2011, p. 959.
- ^ Tucker 2011, p. 863.
- ^ a b Tucker 2011, pp. 959–960.
- ^ a b Tucker 2011, p. 963.
- ^ Tucker 2011, p. 964.
- ^ a b c Tucker 2011, p. 965.
- ^ Battle of Tendra § Battle
- ^ a b c d Sicker 2001, p. 82.
- ^ Tucker 2011, p. 966.
Sources
- Bronza, Boro (2010). "The Habsburg Monarchy and the Projects for Division of the Ottoman Balkans, 1771–1788". Empires and Peninsulas: Southeastern Europe between Karlowitz and the Peace of Adrianople, 1699–1829. Berlin: LIT Verlag. pp. 51–62. ISBN 978-3-643-10611-7.
- Cunningham, Allan (1993). Ingram, Edward (ed.). Anglo-Ottoman Encounters in the Age of Revolution: Collected Essays. Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7146-3494-4.
- Dowling, Timothy C., ed. (2014). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-948-6.
- Dowling, Timothy C., ed. (2015). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-947-9.
- Sicker, Martin (2001). The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-96891-5.
- Stone, Bailey (1994). The Genesis of the French Revolution: A Global Historical Interpretation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44570-2.
- ISBN 978-1-85109-667-1.
Further reading
- Mayer, Matthew Z. (2004). "The Price for Austria's Security: Part I – Joseph II, the Russian Alliance, and the Ottoman War, 1787–1789". The International History Review. 26 (2): 257–299. .
External links
Media related to Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) at Wikimedia Commons