Saalfeld

Coordinates: 50°39′N 11°22′E / 50.650°N 11.367°E / 50.650; 11.367
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the town in Germany. For the Napoleonic war battle in 1806, see Battle of Saalfeld. For the quarter of Mühlhausen, see Saalfeld, Mühlhausen. For the town in Poland named "Saalfeld" in German, see Zalewo.
Saalfeld
Town
St John's Church
St John's Church
Coat of arms of Saalfeld
Coat of arms
Location of Saalfeld within Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district
AllendorfAltenbeuthenBad BlankenburgBechstedtCursdorfDeesbachDöschnitzDrognitzGräfenthalHohenwarteKatzhütteKaulsdorfKönigseeLehestenLeutenbergMeuraProbstzellaRohrbachRudolstadtSaalfeldSchwarzatalSchwarzburgSitzendorfUhlstädt-KirchhaselUnterweißbachUnterwellenbornThuringia
Saalfeld-Rudolstadt
Subdivisions23
Government
 • Mayor (2018–24) Steffen Kania[1] (CDU)
Area
 • Total145.56 km2 (56.20 sq mi)
Elevation
235 m (771 ft)
Population
 (2022-12-31)[2]
 • Total29,224
 • Density200/km2 (520/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
07301–07318
Dialling codes03671
Vehicle registrationSLF
Websitewww.saalfeld.de

Saalfeld (German: Saalfeld/Saale) is a town in Germany, capital of the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district of Thuringia. It is best known internationally as the ancestral seat of the Saxe-Coburg and Gotha branch of the Saxon House of Wettin.

Geography

The town is situated in the valley of the

Intercity-Express trains running from Berlin to Munich
.

Saalfeld has 28,000 inhabitants. Together with neighbouring

tri-city
area with a population of about 70,000.

The local mountain is the Kulm, which is 481.9 metres above sea level.

History

Matthäus Merian
, about 1650

Saalfeld is one of the historic towns of Thuringia, possibly founded by the 7th century around a Thuringii (Gothic) fortress today called Hoher Schwarm or Sorbenburg (Sorbs' Castle).[3] The area was first mentioned in an 899 deed. Kitzerstein Castle standing on an eminence above the Saale River, was said to have been originally erected by the German King Henry the Fowler, although the present-day building was not built before the 16th century. In 1012 the last Ottonian emperor Henry II ceded the former Carolingian Kaiserpfalz to Count Palatine Ezzo of Lotharingia, whose daughter Richeza bequested it to the Archbishops of Cologne.

According to the local chronicler

Counts of Schwarzburg
as their feudal lords.

House of Wettin

In 1389 the town finally was acquired by Landgrave

barbels in the town's coat of arms). The Wettin rulers had the Gothic Saint John hall church erected at the site of a Romanesque predecessor building until 1514. The Gothic town hall was completed in 1537. The ruling dynasty reached its height of importance, when in 1423 all Wettin lands including the Thuringian estates were incorporated into the Electorate of Saxony (Upper Saxony
).

However, already in 1485 Elector

Frederick William I of Saxe-Weimar in 1602, Saalfeld passed to the newly established Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg, from 1673 Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
.

Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

Saalfeld Castle

After several blazes in the early 16th century, Saalfeld had been rebuilt in a lavish

John Ernest IV. After Albert's death in 1699, John Ernest also claimed Saxe-Coburg and called himself a duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
.

The Castle, which has been renovated and is today the town administrative building, was home to four generations of the Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld branch. Until 1825, Saalfeld remained one of two capitals of the duchy, together with Coburg, its Franconian sister town to the south. The 4th Duke Ernest Frederick (1724–1800) was the last to be born in Saalfeld; in 1764, he moved the capital from Saalfeld to Coburg, where in 1805 his son and heir Duke Francis (1750–1806) would buy Rosenau Castle as his residence.

Francis' children were linked to many of Europe's royal families: His daughter

Alexandra, Empress consort of Russia, Victoria, Queen consort of Spain, Ferdinand II, King consort of Portugal, Carlota, Empress consort of Mexico, Ferdinand I, King of Bulgaria, Sofía, Queen consort of Spain, Princess of Greece and Denmark, Maud, Queen consort of Norway, and Marie, Queen consort of Romania
.

During the time of Duke Ernest III in 1826, the neighbouring ducal line of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg became extinct. Ernest received the former Saxe-Gotha but in exchange had to give up Saalfeld in favour of his Ernestine cousin Duke Bernhard II of Saxe-Meiningen.

Modern times

On 10 October 1806 a united Prussian and Saxon contingent met with a corps of the French Grande Armée under Marshall Jean Lannes at the Battle of Saalfeld, whereby Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia was killed.[3] The opening of the Leipzig-Probstzella railway further boosted the town's development. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, Saalfeld became part of the newly established Free State of Thuringia. As a railway junction and garrison town of the Wehrmacht armed forces from 1936, it was strongly affected by strategic bombing during World War II.

Upon the post-World War II division of Germany, Saalfeld was an

Inner-German border station on the Saal Railway—one of two routes that could be taken by trains between Leipzig/Halle and Nuremberg. As a border station its steam locomotive shed assumed extra importance as Saalfeld essentially became the southern terminus of GDR train services. Due to the continued use of steam locomotives in East Germany after the end of steam working in West Germany
, the area became a mecca for railway enthusiasts for some years. However, despite being very close to the Inner German border to the south, it was only accessible by a very roundabout route.

In July 2018 the former municipalities of Saalfelder Höhe and Wittgendorf were merged into Saalfeld. The former municipalities Reichmannsdorf and Schmiedefeld were merged into Saalfeld in January 2019.

Economy

Traditionally, Saalfeld was known for its

machinery, bricks, paint, malt, cigars, hosiery, chocolate and vinegar. Other industries are brewing, printing and iron-founding, and there are ochre and iron mines in the area.[3]

Tourism and recreation-related activities make up a significant part of the local economy. Saalfeld is located in the mountainous forests of Thuringia, a province well known for its winter sports, supplying half of the gold medals for overall medal table winner Germany in the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics.[4]

Saalfeld is a popular base for hikers taking on the mountainous 168 km Rennsteig ridge, one of Germany's best known hiking trails.[5] The main sights of Saalfeld on OpenstreetMap.[6]

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Saalfeld is twinned with:[7]

Notable people

Johann Kirnberger

See also

Citations

  1. ^ Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht, Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 14 July 2021.
  2. Thüringer Landesamt für Statistik
    . June 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d Chisholm 1911.
  4. ^ Wiemers, Holger. "Thüringen – Training Grounds for Olympic Athletes". State Development Corporation of Thuringia. Archived from the original on 22 February 2008.
  5. ^ "Destination Germany – Federal States – Thuringia – Nature". German National Tourist Board. Archived from the original on 2 September 2006.
  6. ^ "The main sights of Saalfeld on OpenstreetMap". landausblick.de. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  7. ^ "Partnerstädte" (in German). Saalfeld/Saale. Retrieved 2021-03-17.

General and cited sources

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saalfeld.
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