Led Zeppelin: Difference between revisions
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*''[[Presence]]'' (1976) |
*''[[Presence]]'' (1976) |
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*''[[In Through the Out Door]]'' (1979) |
*''[[In Through the Out Door]]'' (1979) |
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*''[[Coda (album)|Coda]]'' (1982)<!-- Note: Coda is noted in publicity material released Atlantic Records as being one of nine Led Zeppelin studio albums. Please do not delete from this list --> |
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;Filmography |
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*''[[The Song Remains the Same (film)|The Song Remains the Same]]'' (1976) |
*''[[The Song Remains the Same (film)|The Song Remains the Same]]'' (1976) |
Revision as of 11:22, 17 March 2008
Led Zeppelin |
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Led Zeppelin were an
Over 25 years after disbanding following Bonham's death in 1980, Led Zeppelin continue to be held in high regard for their artistic achievements, commercial success, and broad influence. The band have sold more than 300 million albums worldwide,
On
History
The beginnings: The New Yardbirds (1966-1968)
The beginnings of Led Zeppelin can be traced back to the English blues-influenced rock band The Yardbirds.[18] Jimmy Page joined The Yardbirds in 1966 to play bass guitar after the original bassist, Paul Samwell-Smith, left the group. Shortly after, Page switched from bass to second lead guitar, creating a dual-lead guitar line up with Jeff Beck.
Following the departure of Beck from the group in October 1966, The Yardbirds, tired from constant touring and recording, were beginning to wind down. Page wanted to form a supergroup with himself and Beck on guitars, and The Who's rhythm section—drummer Keith Moon and bassist John Entwistle. Vocalists Donovan, Steve Winwood and Steve Marriott were also considered for the project.[19] The group never formed, although Page, Beck and Moon did record a song together in 1966, "Beck's Bolero", which is featured on Beck's 1968 album, Truth. The recording session also included bassist-keyboardist John Paul Jones, who told Page that he would be interested in collaborating with him on future projects.[20]
The Yardbirds played their final gig in July 1968. However, they were still committed to performing several concerts in Scandinavia, so drummer Jim McCarty and vocalist Keith Relf authorised Page and bassist Chris Dreja to use the Yardbirds name to fulfil the band's obligations. Page and Dreja began putting a new line-up together. Page's first choice for lead singer, Terry Reid, declined the offer, but suggested Robert Plant, a West Bromwich singer he knew.[21] Plant eventually accepted the position, recommending a drummer, John Bonham from nearby Redditch.[22] When Dreja opted out of the project to become a photographer—he would later take the photograph that appeared on the back of Led Zeppelin's debut album—John Paul Jones, at the suggestion of his wife, contacted Page about the vacant position. Being familiar with Jones' credentials, Page agreed to bring in Jones as the final piece.
The group came together for the first time in a room below a record store on Gerard Street in London.[23] Page suggested that they try playing "Train Kept A-Rollin'", a rockabilly song popularised by Johnny Burnette that had been given new life by the Yardbirds. "As soon as I heard John Bonham play," stated Jones, "I knew this was going to be great ... We locked together as a team immediately."[24] Shortly afterwards, the group played together on the final day of sessions for the P. J. Proby album, Three Week Hero. Proby recalled, "Come the last day we found we had some studio time, so I just asked the band to play while I just came up with the words. ... They weren't Led Zeppelin at the time, they were the New Yardbirds and they were going to be my band."[25]
The band completed the Scandinavian tour as The New Yardbirds. One account of the band's naming, which has become almost legendary, has it that Keith Moon and John Entwistle suggested that a possible supergroup containing themselves, Jimmy Page, and Jeff Beck would go down like a lead zeppelin, a term Entwistle used to describe a bad gig.[26] The group deliberately dropped the 'a' in Lead at the suggestion of their manager, Peter Grant, to prevent "thick Americans"[20] from pronouncing it as "leed".[27]
Grant also secured an advance deal of $200,000 from Atlantic Records in November 1968, then the biggest deal of its kind for a new band.[25] Atlantic was a label known for its catalogue of blues, soul and jazz artists, but in the late-1960s it began to take an interest in progressive British rock acts, and signed Led Zeppelin without having ever seen them, largely on the recommendation of singer Dusty Springfield.[28] Under the terms of the contract secured by Grant, the band alone would decide when they would release albums and tour, and had final say over the contents and design of each album. They also would decide how to promote each release and which (if any) tracks to select as singles.[24]
The early days (1968–1971)
With their first album not yet released, Led Zeppelin made their live debut at the
Led Zeppelin's
In an interview for the
Led Zeppelin's album cover met an interesting protest when, at a
In their first year of existence, Led Zeppelin managed to complete four US and four UK concert tours, as well as find time to release their second album, entitled Led Zeppelin II.[25] Recorded almost entirely on the road at various North American recording studios, the second album was an even greater success than the first and reached the number one chart position in the US and the UK.[33] Here the band further developed ideas established on their debut album, creating a work which became even more widely acclaimed and arguably more influential.[34] It has been suggested that Led Zeppelin II largely wrote the blueprint for 1970s hard rock.[34]
Following the album's release Led Zeppelin completed several more tours of the United States. They played often, initially in clubs and
For the composition of their third album, Led Zeppelin III, Jimmy Page and Robert Plant retired to Bron-Yr-Aur, a remote cottage in Wales, in 1970. The result was a more acoustic sound (and a song, "Bron-Yr-Aur Stomp", misspelled as "Bron-Y-Aur Stomp" on the album cover), strongly influenced by folk and Celtic music, and revealed the band's versatility.
The album's rich acoustic sound initially received mixed reactions, with many critics and fans surprised at the turn taken by the band away from the primarily electric compositions of the first two albums. Over time, however, its reputation has recovered and Led Zeppelin III is now generally praised.[36][37] It has a unique album cover featuring a wheel which, when rotated, displayed various images through cut outs in the main jacket sleeve.
The album's opening track, "
Even though the band saw their albums as indivisible, whole listening experiences—and their manager, Peter Grant, maintained an aggressive pro-album stance—some singles were released without their consent. The group also increasingly resisted television appearances, enforcing their preference that their fans hear and see them in person.
The album finishes with “
"The biggest band in the world" (1971–1975)
The success of Led Zeppelin's early years would be dwarfed by this five-year period in which the band would release their best selling albums and ascend to the pinnacle of musical success in the 1970s. The band's image also changed as members began to wear elaborate, flamboyant clothing and developed a reputation for off-stage wildness and excess. Led Zeppelin began travelling in a private
Led Zeppelin's
The track "Stairway to Heaven" ( ), although never released as a single, is sometimes quoted as being the most requested album-oriented rock FM radio song and there are unsubstantiated but repeated claims of "satanic" back masked messages within the song.[42] In 2005, the magazine Guitar World held a poll of readers in which "Stairway to Heaven" was voted as having the greatest guitar solo of all time.[43]
As of July 31, 2006, the album has sold 23 million copies in the U.S.
Led Zeppelin's next album, Houses of the Holy, was released in 1973. It featured further experimentation, with longer tracks and expanded use of synthesisers and mellotron orchestration. The song "Houses of the Holy" does not appear on its namesake album, even though it was recorded at the same time as other songs on the album; it eventually made its way onto the 1975 album Physical Graffiti.[20]
The striking orange album cover of "Houses of the Holy" features images of nude children[44] climbing up the Giant's Causeway (in County Antrim, Northern Ireland). Although the children are not depicted from the front, this was highly controversial at the time of the album's release, and in some areas, such as the "Bible Belt" and Spain, the record was banned.[45][46]
The album topped the charts, and Led Zeppelin's subsequent
In 1974, Led Zeppelin took a break from touring and launched their own record label,
February 24, 1975 saw the release of Led Zeppelin's first double album, Physical Graffiti, which was their first release on the Swan Song Records label. It consisted of fifteen songs, eight of which were recorded at Headley Grange in 1974, and the remainder being tracks previously recorded but not released on earlier albums.
A review in Rolling Stone magazine referred to Physical Graffiti as Led Zeppelin's "bid for artistic respectability," adding that the only competition the band had for the title of 'World's Best Rock Band' were
The latter days, Bonham's death and break-up (1975–1980)
By 1976, Led Zeppelin were becoming increasingly popular worldwide, having outsold most bands of the time, including the Rolling Stones.[20] Their live shows increased in theatricality, featuring larger stage areas and complex light shows. However, while there were still massive musical and commercial successes for the band during this period, problems such as the 1977 death of Robert Plant's son, Jimmy Page's heroin use,[50] changing musical tastes, and ultimately John Bonham's 1980 death finally brought an end to Led Zeppelin.
Following their triumphant Earls Court appearances, Led Zeppelin took an unplanned break from touring. In August 1975, Robert Plant and his wife Maureen were involved in a serious
Released in March 1976, the album marked a change in the Led Zeppelin sound towards more straightforward, guitar-based jams, departing from the acoustic ballads and intricate arrangements featured on their previous albums. Though it was a
Despite the original criticisms, Jimmy Page has called Presence his favourite album, and its opening track "Achilles Last Stand" ( ) his favourite Led Zeppelin song. Robert Plant has also stated that he thinks Presence is the album that probably sounds the most "Led Zeppelin" of all their LPs.[53]
Robert Plant's injuries prevented Led Zeppelin from touring in 1976. Instead, the band finally completed the concert film
In 1977, Led Zeppelin embarked on another massive concert tour of North America. Though profitable financially, the tour was beset with off-stage problems. On June 3, after a concert at Tampa Stadium was cut short because of a severe thunderstorm, a riot broke out amongst the audience, resulting in several arrests and injuries. Led Zeppelin set another attendance record with 76,229 people attending their Pontiac Silverdome concert on April 30. It was, according to the Guinness Book of Records, the largest attendance to date for a single act show.[55]
After a
The following day's second Oakland concert would prove be the band's final live appearance in the United States. After the performance, news came that Plant's five year old son, Karac, had died from a stomach virus. The rest of the tour was immediately cancelled.[20]
December 1978 saw the group recording again, this time at Polar Studios in Stockholm, Sweden. The resultant album was In Through the Out Door, which exhibited a degree of sonic experimentation that again drew mixed reactions from critics. Nevertheless, the band still commanded legions of loyal fans, and the album easily reached #1 in the UK and the U.S. in just its second week on the Billboard album chart. As a result on this album's release, Led Zeppelin's entire catalogue made the Billboard Top 200 between the weeks of October 27 and November 3, 1979.[55]
In August 1979, after two warm-up shows in Copenhagen, Led Zeppelin headlined
On
Despite rumours that
Post-Led Zeppelin (1980–present)
In 1982, the surviving members of the group released a collection of out-takes from various sessions during Led Zeppelin's career, entitled Coda. It included two tracks taken from the band's performance at the Royal Albert Hall in 1970, one each from the Led Zeppelin III and Houses of the Holy sessions, and three from the In Through the Out Door sessions. It also featured a 1976 John Bonham drum instrumental with electronic effects added by Jimmy Page, called "Bonzo's Montreux".
On
The three members reunited again in May of 1988, for Atlantic Records' 40th Anniversary concert, with Bonham's son, Jason Bonham, on drums. However, the performance was widely criticised for being "flat" and for Page's poor guitar playing.[citation needed]
On
On
On
In 2002, Robert Plant and John Paul Jones reconciled after years of strife that kept the band apart. This was followed by rumours of reunion, quickly quashed by individual members' representatives.
2003 saw the release of a triple live album,
In 2005, Led Zeppelin received a
In November 2006, Led Zeppelin were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame. The television broadcasting of the event consisted of an introduction to the band by various famous admirers, a presentation of an award to Jimmy Page and then a short speech by the guitarist. After this, rock group Wolfmother played a tribute to Led Zeppelin, playing the song "Communication Breakdown".[67][68]
On
On
On
Reunion (2007)
On
Music critics in attendance were unanimous in their praise for the band's performance. NME proclaimed, "What they have done here tonight is proof they can still perform to the level that originally earned them their legendary reputation...We can only hope this isn't the last we see of them."[70]
Page has suggested the band may start work on new material,
On January 25, 2008, in an interview during the half time of the game between the New York Knicks and the Philadelphia 76ers in Madison Square Garden, Robert Plant was asked if Led Zeppelin would be seen back together again in the aforementioned court. He said "I don't know what is around the corner... Right now my all energy is based on other projects".
Three days later, at a press conference in Tokyo, Jimmy Page revealed that he is prepared to embark upon a world tour with Led Zeppelin, however due to Robert Plant's tour commitments with Alison Krauss, such plans will not be announced until at least September.[73]
Songs of the band in other media
Members of Led Zeppelin have always been very protective of their repertoire, and have seldom allowed their works to be licensed for films or commercials. In recent years, their position has softened on the issue. The songs of Led Zeppelin can be heard in movies such as
In April 2007
Allegations of plagiarism
When Led Zeppelin's debut album was released, it received generally positive reviews. However, John Mendelsohn of Rolling Stone magazine criticised the band for plagiarising music, notably "Black Mountain Side" from Bert Jansch's "Blackwaterside" (though Jansch himself acknowledges the song as being traditional[75]) and the riff from "Your Time Is Gonna Come" from Traffic's "Dear Mr. Fantasy". He also accused the band of mimicking black artists, and showing off. This marked the beginning of a long rift between the band and the magazine, with Led Zeppelin rejecting later requests for interviews and cover stories as their level of success escalated.[39][76]
The credits for Led Zeppelin II were also the subject of debate after the album's release. The prelude to "
In an interview he gave to Guitar World magazine in 1993, Page commented on the band's use of classic blues songs:
[A]s far as my end of it goes, I always tried to bring some thing fresh to anything that I used. I always made sure to come up with some variation. In fact, I think in most cases, you would never know what the original source could be. Maybe not in every case -- but in most cases. So most of the comparisons rest on the lyrics. And Robert was supposed to change the lyrics, and he didn't always do that -- which is what brought on most of the grief. They couldn't get us on the guitar parts of the music, but they nailed us on the lyrics. We did, however, take some liberties, I must say [laughs]. But never mind; we did try to do the right thing.[79]
Discography
- Studio albums
- Led Zeppelin (1969)
- Led Zeppelin II (1969)
- Led Zeppelin III (1970)
- Led Zeppelin IV (1971)
- Houses of the Holy (1973)
- Physical Graffiti (1975)
- Presence (1976)
- In Through the Out Door (1979)
- Coda (1982)
- Filmography
- The Song Remains the Same (1976)
- Led Zeppelin (DVD)(2003)
References
This article has an unclear citation style. |
- ^ Heavy metal timeline
- ^ BBC.com
- ^ Shelokhonov, Steve. "Led Zeppelin - Biography". IMDB.com. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
- ^ In live shows, Led Zeppelin would perform rockabilly songs originally made famous by Elvis Presley and Eddie Cochran
- ^ Houses of the Holy includes a reggae-influenced song, "D'Yer Mak'er"
- ^ Live Led Zeppelin concerts would also include James Brown, Stax and Motown-influenced soul music and funk, as these were favourites of bassist John Paul Jones and drummer John Bonham.
- ^ See previous reference to soul and funk
- ^ Musicmatch, "Led Zeppelin", followers; accessed September 10, 2006
- ^ "Led Zeppelin brings down the house". CNN. December 10, 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "VH1 Welcomes the Return of the 'Third Annual UK Music Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony'". vh1.com. September 14, 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-21.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ The Local
- ^ The Telegraph
- ^ The Mail & Guardian
- ^ RIAA. "Top Selling Artists".
- ^ a b Australian Broadcasting Corporation - Triple J Music Specials - Led Zeppelin (first broadcast 2000-07-12) Cite error: The named reference "tripleJ" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ 100 greatest artists of hard rock at vh1.com
- ^ "Led Zeppelin: The Legend, the Classic Reviews, a Selection of Hot Photos and More", Rolling Stone [1]
- ^ MTV biography of Led Zeppelin
- ^ Led-Zeppelin.org. "Led Zeppelin Assorted Info".
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Stephen Davis (1995). Hammer of the Gods (LPC). pp. 44, 64, 190, 225, 277 ISBN 033043859-X. Cite error: The named reference "Hammer of the Gods" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Billboard. "Led Zeppelin Biography".
- ^ Digital Graffiti. "Led Zeppelin FAQ".
- ^ Liner notes by Cameron Crowe for The Complete Studio Recordings. The building has since been torn down, and the area has been converted into London's Chinatown.
- ^ a b Gilmore, Mikal (August 10, 2006). "The Long Shadow of Led Zeppelin". Rolling Stone (1006). Retrieved 2007-12-09.
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(help) - ^ a b c Fred Dollar (2005). "Led Zep were my backing band". p. 83.
{{cite magazine}}
: Cite magazine requires|magazine=
(help) Cite error: The named reference "Mojo" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ Keith Shadwick (2005). Led Zeppelin The Story of a Band and their Music 1968-1980. pp. 36, ISBN 100879308710.
- ^ Jimmy Page Online
- ^ Welch, Chris (1994) Led Zeppelin, London: Orion Books. ISBN 0-85797-930-3, p. 31.
- ^ Achilles Last Stand
- ^ The History of Rock 'n' Roll: The 70s: Have a Nice Decade
- ^ Billboard discography
- ^ Keith Shadwick Led Zeppelin 1968-1980: The Story Of A Band And Their Music (excerpt posted on Billboard.com)
- ^ Led Zeppelin discography
- ^ a b Review at All Music Guide
- ^ Led Zeppelin.com audio guide
- ^ "Led Zeppelin III".
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(help) - ^ "Q4 Review of Led Zeppelin 3".
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(help) - ^ Led Zeppelin.org
- ^ ).
- ^ Songmeanings.com
- ^ Rock and Roll Dropped from Cadillac advert
- ^ Stairway to Heaven Backwards
- ^ About Guitar, 100 Greatest Guitar Solos, accessed September 10, 2006.
- ^ Manning, Toby. "Broad Church", Q Led Zeppelin Special Edition, 2003.
- ^ Classic Rock Covers: Led Zeppelin; Houses of the Holy. Atlantic, 1973. Designer: Hipgnosis (Storm Thorgneson, Aubrey Powell)
- ^ Best albums with nude covers and the stories behind
- ^ "William Rimmer: A Claim to Fame". 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
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ignored (help) - ^ VH1 Biography
- ^ Rolling Stone Review, Mar, 27 1975
- ^ About.com/Experts [2]
- ^ Rolling Stone Magazine [3] Rolling Stone Magazine Review, Published May, 20 1976]
- ^ Rock's Backpages review, Published April, 10 1976
- ^ From interview in Swedish TV program "Musikbyrån" around the time of Led Zeppelin receiving the Polar Music Prize.
- ^ Led Zeppelin.com bio
- ^ a b Dave Lewis (2003). Tight But Loose Files:Celebration II. p. 49. Cite error: The named reference "Tight But Loose Files" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Ritchie Yorke (1993). Led Zeppelin: The Definitive Biography.
{{cite book}}
: Text "pages 210" ignored (help) - ^ Rock Deaths
- ^ John Bonham Biography
- ^ Mick Wall (2005). "No Way Out". p. 86.
{{cite magazine}}
: Cite magazine requires|magazine=
(help) - ^ "Jimmy Page says last Led Zeppelin reunion was a disaster", List.co.uk. [4]
- ^ BBC News Report
- ^ Lewis, Dave Lewis and Simon Pallett (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4, p. 144.
- ^ everyHit.com - UK Top 40 Chart Archive, British Singles & Album Charts
- ^ "Recording Industry Announces November Awards" RIAA [5]
- ^ "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone Issue 946. Rolling Stone.
- ^ BBC News article, 23 May 2006
- ^ Wolfmother live at Led Zep's induction
- ^ BBC News article, 23 May 2006
- ^ Led Zeppelin Readies Fall Reissue Bonanza
- ^ Led Zeppelin reunion: the review | News |NME.COM
- ^ "Zeppelin may make new material"
- ^ "Jimmy Page hints at more shows"
- ^ Led Zeppelin Guitarist Wants World Tour
- ^ Led Zeppelin join the net generation | UK News |The Observer
- ^ http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=Yp-CkH56G34 See Jansch's spoken intro to Black Water Side, recorded in 2006
- ^ Greene, Andy (July 28, 2006). "At War With the Mystics: Led Zep vs. "Rolling Stone"". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ^ Whole Lotta Love
- ^ The Lemon Song - Led Zeppelin's Influences - Turn Me On, Dead Man
- ^ http://www.iem.ac.ru/zeppelin/docs/interviews/page_93.gw Interview with Jimmy Page, Guitar World magazine, 1993
Published sources
- Dave Lewis (2003), Led Zeppelin: Celebration II: The 'Tight But Loose' Files, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-056-4.
- Dave Lewis and Simon Pallett (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4.
- Dave Lewis (1994) The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, London: Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9.
- Chris Welch (2006) Led Zeppelin: Dazed and Confused: The Stories Behind Every Song, Thunder's Mouth Press, ISBN 1-56025-818-7.
- Chris Welch (2002), Peter Grant: The Man Who Led Zeppelin, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-9195-2.
- Richard Cole and Richard Trubo (1992), Stairway to Heaven: Led Zeppelin Uncensored, New York: HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-018323-3.
- Stephen Davis (1985) Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga, New York: William Morrow & Co., ISBN 0-688-04507-3.
- Luis Rey (1997) Led Zeppelin Live: An Illustrated Exploration of Underground Tapes, Ontario: The Hot Wacks Press. ISBN 4ISBN 0-9698080-7-0.
- Susan Fast (2001) In the Houses of the Holy: Led Zeppelin and the Power of Rock Music, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19514-723-5.
- The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll (2001 edition).
External links
- Led Zeppelin: Official Site
- Template:MySpace
- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame bio
- Rolling Stone Magazine bio
- BBC interview with Robert Plant about the Led Zeppelin reunion
- 1971 interview with Led Zeppelin
- Led Zeppelin discography at MusicBrainz
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