M.I.A. (rapper): Difference between revisions

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| name = M.I.A.
| name = M.I.A.
| image = MIA press photo 2016.png
| image = MIA press photo 2016.png
| caption =
| caption = MIA in 2016
| birth_name = Mathangi Arulpragasam
| birth_name = Mathangi Arulpragasam
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1975|7|18|df=yes}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1975|7|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[London Borough of Hounslow]], [[London]], United Kingdom
| birth_place = [[London Borough of Hounslow]], [[London]], United Kingdom
| death_date =
| death_date =
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{{Main article|List of awards and nominations received by M.I.A.}}
{{Main article|List of awards and nominations received by M.I.A.}}
M.I.A. is the only artist in history to receive nominations for all four of [[Academy Award]], [[Grammy Award]], [[Brit Award]], [[Mercury Prize]] and [[Alternative Turner Prize]], and the first artist of Asian descent to be nominated for an Academy and Grammy Award in the same year. She has also been nominated for an [[MOBO Award]], [[MTV Video Music Award]], and [[MTV Europe Music Award]].
M.I.A. is the only artist in history to receive nominations for all four of [[Academy Award]], [[Grammy Award]], [[Brit Award]], [[Mercury Prize]] and [[Alternative Turner Prize]], and the first artist of Asian descent to be nominated for an Academy and Grammy Award in the same year. She has also been nominated for an [[MOBO Award]], [[MTV Video Music Award]], and [[MTV Europe Music Award]].

==Personal life==
In June 2017, M.I.A endorsed [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] leader [[Jeremy Corbyn]] in the [[United Kingdom general election, 2017|2017 UK General Election]]. She said, "I don't usually believe politicians, but I think Corbyn is actually, like, real." She added, "So this is a once in a lifetime opportunity – please go vote. You don't have to trust a politician or vote ever again, but just do it now."<ref name="nme">{{cite news |last=Levine|first=Nick|url=http://www.nme.com/news/music/mia-urges-fans-vote-lifetime-politician-jeremy-corbyn-2085900|title=MIA urges fans to vote for ‘once in a lifetime’ politician Jeremy Corbyn|work= |location=London|publisher=''[[NME]]''|date=8 June 2017|accessdate=11 June 2017}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 17:32, 11 June 2017

This article is about the British artist. Not to be confused with the Lithuanian artist
Mýa
.

M.I.A.
MIA in 2016
Born
Mathangi Arulpragasam

(1975-07-18) 18 July 1975 (age 48)
London Borough of Hounslow, London, United Kingdom
Occupations
  • singer
  • songwriter
  • director
  • visual artist
  • activist
  • record producer
  • photographer
  • fashion designer
  • model
Partner(s)Diplo (2003–08)
Benjamin Bronfman (2008–12)
ChildrenIkhyd Edgar Arular Bronfman
Parent(s)Arul Pragasam
Kala Arulpragasam
RelativesKali Arulpragasam (sister)
Sugu Arulpragasam (brother)
Musical career
Genres
Instrument(s)
  • Vocals
  • drum machine
  • percussion
Years active2000–present
Labels
Websitewww.miauk.com

Mathangi "Maya" Arulpragasam (born 18 July 1975), better known by her stage name M.I.A., is a British rapper, singer-songwriter, record producer, director, visual artist, activist, photographer, fashion designer and model. She is of

Grammy Awards and the Mercury Prize
.

She released her debut album Arular in 2005 and her second album Kala in 2007, both to wide critical acclaim. Arular charted in Norway, Belgium, Sweden, Japan and the US, where it reached number 16 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart and number three on the Dance/Electronic Albums chart. Kala was certified silver in the UK and gold in Canada and the US, where it topped the Dance/Electronic Albums chart. It also charted in several countries across Europe, in Japan and Australia. The album's first single "Boyz" reached the Top 10 in Canada and on the Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales in 2007, becoming her first Top 10 charting single. The single "Paper Planes" peaked in the Top 20 worldwide and reached number four on the Billboard Hot 100. "Paper Planes" was certified gold in New Zealand and three times platinum in Canada and the US where, as of November 2011, it is ranked the seventh best-selling song by a British artist in the digital era. It has become XL Recordings' second best-selling single to date. M.I.A.'s third album Maya was released in 2010 soon after the controversial song-film short "Born Free". This became her highest-charting album in the UK and the US, reaching number nine on the Billboard 200, topping the Dance/Electronic Albums chart and debuting in the Top 10 in Finland, Norway, Greece and Canada. The single "XXXO" reached the Top 40 in Belgium, Spain and the UK. M.I.A. has embarked on five global headlining tours and is the founder of her own multimedia label, N.E.E.T.. Her fourth studio album, Matangi, was released in 2013, followed by AIM in 2016.

Arulpragasam's early compositions relied heavily on the

MySpace
.

In 2001, she received an

"Alternative" Turner Prize nomination for her visual art. In 2005 and 2008, M.I.A. was artist of the year by Spin and URB and Arulpragasam is named as one of the defining artists of the 2000s decade by Rolling Stone in its "Best of the Decade" list in December 2009. Time magazine named her one of the world's 100 most influential people in 2009. Esquire
magazine ranked M.I.A. on its list of the 75 most influential people of the 21st century in January 2010.

Life and career

1975–1999: Early life and education

Arulpragasam was born on 18 July 1975,

Sri Lankan army, and Arulpragasam had little contact with her father during this period. She has described her family as living in "big-time" poverty during her childhood but also recalls some of her happiest memories from growing up in Jaffna.[3][4][5] Maya attended Catholic convent schools such as the Holy Family Convent, Jaffna where she developed her art skills – painting in particular – to work her way up her class.[6][7] During the civil war, soldiers would put guns through holes in the windows and shoot at the school, what she notes as "bullying exploitation."[7] Her classmates were trained to dive under the table or run next door to English-language schools that, according to her, "wouldn’t get shot."[7]
Arulpragasam lived on a road alongside much of her extended family and played inside temples and churches in the town.

Due to safety concerns, Arulpragasam's mother, Kala, relocated herself and her children to

Phipps Bridge Estate in the Mitcham district of southwest London, where she learned to speak English, whilst Kala brought the children up on a modest income. Arulpragasam entered the final year of primary school in the autumn of 1986 and quickly mastered the English language. Despite being the only Sri Lankan family in the area, the family were made welcome and faced no racial abuse during their time on the estate.[11][12]

While living in the United Kingdom and raising her children, her mother became a practising Christian in 1990 and worked as a commissioned seamstress for the

Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design.[4] Her initial application to the school was rejected, but she was finally admitted and received a scholarship, being told that she "had chutzpah".[14]

2000–02: Visual art and film

While attending

Central St Martins College, Arulpragasam wanted to make films and art depicting realism that would be accessible to everyone, something that she felt was missing from her classmates' ethics and the course criteria. At college, she found the fashion courses "disposable" and more current than the film texts that she studied.[14] Maya told Arthur magazine "[Students there were] exploring apathy, dressing up in some pigeon outfit, or running around conceptualising... It missed the whole point of art representing society. Social reality didn’t really exist there; it just stopped at theory."[14] She cited "radical cinema" including Harmony Korine, Dogme 95 and Spike Jonze as some of her cinematic inspirations during film school.[15] As a student, she was approached by director John Singleton to work on a film in Los Angeles after he had read a script she had written, though she decided not to take up the offer.[15][16] For her degree, M.I.A. prepared her departmental honours thesis on the film CB4.[17]

Arulpragasam befriended students in the college's fashion, advertising and graphics departments.

Alternative Turner Prize and a monograph book of the collection was published in 2002,[9] titled M.I.A.. Actor Jude Law was among early buyers of her art.[6][19][20]

2003–05: Musical beginnings and Arular

M.I.A. performing at Sónar on her Arular Tour

Arulpragasam cites the radio broadcasts she heard emanating from her neighbours' flats in the late 1980s as some of her first exposures to her earliest musical influences.

Public Enemy, MC Shan and Ultramagnetic MCs; and the "weird, distinct style" of acts such as Silver Bullet and London Posse.[21][22] In college she developed an affinity for punk and the emerging sounds of Britpop and electroclash.[23] M.I.A. cites The Slits, Malcolm McLaren and The Clash as major influences.[24][25]

By 2001, Arulpragasam designed the cover for Elastica's last single "The Bitch Don't Work", and went on the road with the band to video document their tour. The tour's supporting act,

radio microphone), composing and recording a six-song demo tape that included "Lady Killa", "M.I.A.", and "Galang".[27][28]

In 2003, the independent label Showbiz Records pressed 500 vinyl singles of "

dance clubs and fashion shows made M.I.A. an underground sensation.[31] M.I.A. has been heralded as one of the first artists to build a large fanbase exclusively via these channels and as someone who could be studied to re-examine the internet's impact on how listeners are exposed to new music.[32][33][34] She began uploading her music onto her MySpace account in June 2004. Major record labels caught on to the popularity of the second song she has written,[35] "Galang", and M.I.A. was eventually signed to XL Recordings in mid-2004.[21][36] Her debut album, to be titled Arular was finalised by borrowing studio time.[37]

M.I.A.'s next single, "

12-inch singles and CDs by XL Recordings, which along with the non-label mashup mixtape of Arular tracks, Piracy Funds Terrorism, were distributed in 2004 to positive critical acclaim.[8]

M.I.A. made her North American live debut in February 2005 in

Tamil independence movement, and many of the songs acknowledge her and her father's experiences in Jaffna. While making Arular in her bedroom in west London, she built tracks off her demos, using beats she programmed on the Roland MC-505.[10][44] The album experiments with bold, jarring and ambient sounds, and its lyrics address the Iraq War and daily life in London as well as M.I.A.'s past.[25][37][45]

"

Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, where she played an encore in response to crowd enthusiasm, a rare occurrence for the festival generally and the first encore following a tent performance at Coachella.[37][47][48] She also toured with Roots Manuva and LCD Soundsystem, and ended 2005 briefly touring with Gwen Stefani and performing at the Big Day Out festival.[49][50]
On 19 July 2005, M.I.A. was shortlisted for the
average score of 88 out of 100, described as "universal acclaim".[52] They reported in 2010 that Arular was the seventh best reviewed album of 2005 and the ninth Best-Reviewed Electronic/Dance Album on Metacritic of the 2000 – 09 decade.[53][54] Arular became the second most featured album in music critics’ Year-End Top 10 lists for 2005 and was named best of the year by publications such as Blender, Stylus and Musikbyrån.[42]

2006–08: Kala and world recognition

M.I.A. performing at the Prince in Melbourne in February 2006.

In 2006, M.I.A. recorded her second studio album

visa complications in the United States, the album was recorded in a variety of locations — India, Trinidad, Liberia, Jamaica, Australia, Japan, and the UK. Eventually the album was completed in the US.[55][56]

"I think traveling really helps. I know some musicians who have studios in Trinidad. There's a collective of artists and painters there now who went to Central Saint Martins College [in London] with me. They live there and make art. It's neat to see that-[people] not led by money or pretentiousness. It's a small community, but you really have the space to observe and digest the culture. You go to a place where social commentary is rare and important and you can serve people. That's what's inspiring to me-finding someplace where people haven't already seen themselves in a certain light."

—M.I.A., Interview with Kehinde Wiley[17]

Kala featured

How Many Votes Fix Mix EP which included a remix of "Boyz" featuring Jay-Z.[68]
"Paper Planes" is one of M.I.A.'s most popular songs. On this song she collaborated[69] with Florida-based DJ Diplo. Their work on this song landed him a Grammy nomination for Record of the year and got number three in the US Charts.They also worked together on her first album "Arular" Like its predecessor, universal acclaim met Kala's release in August 2007 and the album earned a
Rolling Stone and Blender.[78] MetaCritic reported in 2010 that Kala was the tenth Best-Reviewed Electronic/Dance Album on Metacritic of the 2000 – 09 decade, one position below her debut album Arular.[53]
M.I.A. performed on the People vs. Money Tour during the first half of 2008.[25] She cancelled the final leg of her tour in Europe through June and July after revealing her intentions to take a career break and work on other art projects, go back to college and make a film.[25]

In 2008, M.I.A. started her independent record label

first person of Asian descent
to be nominated for an Oscar and Grammy award in the same year.

2009–11: Maya

Outside Lands Music and Arts Festival
in August 2009

At the

2009 BRIT Awards in February, M.I.A. was a nominee for Best British Female Artist.[85] Seeking to promote new, underground music with N.E.E.T., M.I.A. signed more bands including Baltimore musician Blaqstarr, indie rock band Sleigh Bells and visual artist Jaime Martinez by late 2009.[86] 3D photographic images of M.I.A. by Martinez were commissioned in April of that year.[87][88] In August 2009, M.I.A. began composing and recording her third studio album in a home studio section in her Los Angeles house.[89] In January 2010, M.I.A. posted her video for the song "Space".[90][91] While composing it, she helped write a song with Christina Aguilera called "Elastic Love" for Aguilera's album Bionic.[92]
By April 2010, the song and music video/short film "
Dazed & Confused as a mix of "babies, death, destruction and powerlessness".[86][102][103][104]

On 11 May 2010, the first official single from Maya, "XXXO", was released and reached the top forty in Belgium, Spain and the UK.[105][106] "Steppin' Up", "Teqkilla", and "Tell Me Why" were also released as promotional singles exclusively on iTunes in the days leading to the release of Maya, with "Teqkilla" reaching the top 100 in Canada on digital downloads alone.[107]

The video for "XXXO" was released online in August. M.I.A. hinted in an interview to Blitz that a music video is being made with director Spike Jonze for the single "Teqkilla."[108] She completed her live tour dates on the Maya Tour in summer of 2011.[109][110][111]

From 2000 until 2010, she directed the video for

Born Free," and "Bad Girls.", a video inspired by YouTube videos of car stunts and photographs, including one of an Arab female trucker, from the Middle East,[112] which she described as her second favourite music video.[113][114] She directed a video for Rye Rye's "Bang".[115][116] She judged in the Music Video category at the inaugural Vimeo Festival & Awards in New York in October 2010.[117]

M.I.A. released her second

Cataracs, Swizz Beatz and Polow da Don.[119] On 24 July 2011, the day after Amy Winehouse's death, M.I.A. uploaded a previously-unreleased Maya/Vicki Leekx demo titled "27" to her SoundCloud account. The song was released as a tribute to the 27 Club.[120][121]

2012–14: Matangi

M.I.A. co-wrote the song "

concussions.[122] In September 2013 Maya released a video statement regarding the lawsuit.[123] In her statement Arulpragasam said, "They're basically [saying] it's OK for me to promote being sexually exploited as a female, than to display empowerment, female empowerment, through being punk rock. That's what it boils down to, and I'm being sued for it."[123] The lawsuit was settled in August 2014; the terms of the settlement remain private.[124]

M.I.A. is also featured in "B-Day Song", another song included on MDNA.[125][126][127]

The first buzz track of her fourth album, "Bad Girls", taken from her Vicki Leekx mixtape, premiered on 30 January 2012, was released globally the day after, and was followed by a music video directed by Romain Gavras on 3 February 2012. This received nominations for Video of the Year at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards and at the 55th Grammy Awards.[128] The song become one of M.I.A.'s most successful singles, charting in the United Kingdom, Australia, France, Canada, United States, Switzerland, South Korea and Belgium. On 29 April 2012 she posted a preview of a new song to YouTube, titled "Come Walk With Me".[129] The full version of Come Walk With Me was shared one and a half year later, in September 2013.[130]

M.I.A. officially signed to Jay-Z's Roc Nation management in May 2012.[131][132] Rihanna welcomed her to the family, tweeting, "welcome home MIA."[133] She guested during Jay-Z's set at the Radio 1 Festival in Hackney on 23 June 2012.

In October 2012, M.I.A. released an autobiographical book titled M.I.A. documenting "the five years of M.I.A. art that spans across three LPs: Arular, Kala, and Maya." [26] The book contains artwork as well as a foreword by frequent collaborator Steve Loveridge and various essays by M.I.A. On 3 March 2013, she released an 8-minute mix recording as part of a Kenzo fashion show in Paris.[134]

Switch,[140] was announced as the second single and was released on 17 June 2013. Soon after the single was released, the official video for "Bring the Noize" premiered on 25 June via Noisey.[141] On 9 August 2013, the album received an official release date of 5 November 2013 after M.I.A. threatened to leak the album due to the numerous delays by Interscope.[142]

Matangi received generally positive reviews from music critics. In its first week of release, the album sold 15,000 copies and peaked at number 23 on the Billboard 200, falling to number 90 in its second week.[143] Overall, Matangi is M.I.A.'s lowest charting album worldwide.

On 31 December 2013 M.I.A. announced that she was leaving Roc Nation.[144]

2015–present: AIM

On 13 July 2015, M.I.A. released a five-minute video titled "Matahdatah Scroll 01 Broader Than a Border" which features two of her tracks: Matangi's "Warrior" and a new track "Swords". The music is sampled from Yo Yo Honey Singh's Manali Trance. The video was filmed in India and West Africa and shows different forms of dancing in those regions.

On 27 November 2015, M.I.A. released "Borders" as her new single on iTunes, prior to that her new single was announced via her Instagram account. Serving as both a rallying cry and a call for compassion, the track mocks first world problems and shares her views on the escalating global refugee crisis.[145] The self-directed video that accompanied its release[146] shows her joining "those attempting to flee their homes by cramming on boats, wading in the ocean and climbing barbed-wire fences".[145] In January 2016, the French football club Paris Saint-Germain sued M.I.A. for wearing a version of their club's T-shirt in her "Borders" video that changed the words "Fly Emirates" to "Fly Pirates".[147][148]

In late February 2016, she released "Boom ADD", an expanded version of the "Boom Skit", which appeared on M.I.A.'s fourth studio album Matangi; it is a

P.O.W.A", a previously unreleased song from her recording sessions for AIM.[151][152]

Artistry

Musical style and influences

Galang
21-second sample of M.I.A.'s single "Galang" from album Arular. First released in 2003, with its mix of 505 beats and claps, edgy vocals and lyrics, it marked M.I.A.'s emergence in underground independent music circles worldwide.
"Bird Flu"
Short clip of "Bird Flu" showing the Gaana-inspired track's use of urumee drums.
Problems playing these files? See media help.
Madonna (left), Björk (centre), and Timbaland
(right) as influences of her musical style.

M.I.A.'s music features styles such as electro,

club music for the "other", and has been described as an "anti-popstar" for refusing to conform to certain recording industry expectations of solo artists.[57] M.I.A. possesses the vocal range of a mezzo-soprano, spanning one octave in the western music scale, from the lower note of F3 to the higher note of F4.[clarification needed] M.I.A.'s early compositions relied heavily on the Roland MC-505, while later M.I.A. experimented further with her established sound and drew from a range of genres, creating layered textures of instruments, electronics and sounds outside the traditional studio environment.[57][58] Artists including Nas, Chuck D and Krist Novoselic of Nirvana have praised her work.[156][157][158]

She has also stated she is a fan of

Beyoncé Knowles, stating "she's like harder, faster, stronger. In our lifetime, she will be a classic, like how people talk about Aretha Franklin."[159]

Richard Russell, head of XL Recordings, states, "You've got to bend culture around to suit you, and I think M.I.A has done that" adding that M.I.A.'s composition and production skills were a major attraction for him.[162][163] As a vocalist, M.I.A. is recognisable by her distinctive whooping, chanting voice, which has been described as having an "indelible, nursery-rhyme swing."[46] She has adopted different singing styles on her songs, from aggressive raps, to semi-spoken and melodic vocals. She has said of the sometimes "unaffected" vocals and delivery of her lyrics, "It is what it is. Most people would just put it down to me being lazy. But at the same time, I don’t want [that perfection]," saying some of the "raw and difficult" vocal styles she used reflected what was happening to her during recording.[14][55]

Image and stage

A woman appears in three different poses wearing a police hat, bright neon blue short hair, large sunglasses, a gold chain, yellow and silver top, purple skirt and dark blue leggings. Her nails' are couloured in a light blue shade.
M.I.A. in a 2006-2007 promotional photo for Kala

GQ notes that "M.I.A. is perhaps the preeminent global musical artist of the 2000s, a truly kick-ass singer and New York-Londony fashion icon, not to mention a vocal supporter of Sri Lanka's embattled Tamil minority, of which she's a member."[164]

M.I.A.'s stage performances are described as "highly energetic" and multimedia showcases, often with scenes of what

Time Out 's 40th Birthday London Heroes in 2008. The same year, Esquire listed M.I.A. as one of the 75 Most Influential People of the 21st century, describing her as the first and only major artist in world music, and in 2009 she was cited in Time magazine's Time 100 as one of the world's most influential people for her global influence across many genres.[24][173][177][178] In December 2010, USA Today listed M.I.A. at number 63 on its list of the "100 People of 2010".[179] M.I.A. placed number 14 on Rolling Stone's Decade-End Readers' Poll of "Top Artists Of The Decade."[180] Rolling Stone named her one of eight artists who defined the 2000s decade.[181]

Themes and artwork

M.I.A. has become known for integrating her imagery of political violence into her music videos and her cover art. Her politically inspired art became recognised while she exhibited and published several of her brightly coloured stencils and paintings portraying the tiger, a symbol of Tamil nationalism, ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka and urban Britain in the early 2000s. Lyrics on Arular regarding her experiences of identity politics, poverty, revolution, gender and sexual stereotypes, war, and the conditions of working class in London were hailed as new and unorthodox, setting her apart from previous artists.[25][38] The album references the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Tamil independence movements and features culture jamming, multi-lingual slang, strident and subtle imagery. Her albums' social commentary and storytelling have incited debate on the "invigoratingly complex" politics of the issues she highlighted in the album, breaking taboos while the West was engaged in the 2003 Iraq War in the Middle East during the Presidency of George W. Bush.[4][37][182][183] Government visits to her official website following her debut album's release in 2005, and a US refusal to grant M.I.A. a travel visa coupled with her brief presence on the US Homeland Security Risk List in 2006 due to her politically charged lyrics led to her second album Kala being recorded in a variety of locations around the world.[5][176][184][185] The American Civil Liberties Union described the actions as part of a trend of ideological exclusion by the state which was detrimental to democracy by "censoring and manipulating debate".[186][187] In October 2016, she revealed on her Instagram that she had finally been approved for a US visa.[188][189]

Afrikan Boy, an Afrobeat/grime London MC with Nigerian roots supporting M.I.A. at the Rock en Seine Festival, 2007

On

I-D magazine described the "bleeding cacophany of graphics" on her website during this time as evoking the "noisy amateurism" of the early web, but also embodying a rejection of today's "glossy, professional site design" which was felt to "efface the medium rather than celebrate it."[191] Jeff Chang, writing for The Nation, described a "Kala for the Nation" and the album's music, lyrics and imagery as encompassing "everywhere – or, to be specific, everywhere but the First World's self-regarding 'here'," stating that against a media flow that suppresses the "ugliness" of reality and fixes beauty to consumption, M.I.A. forces a conversation about how the majority live, closing the distance "between 'here' and everywhere else". He felt that Kala explored poverty, violence and globalisation through the eyes of "children left behind."[192]

Her third album, Maya, tackled information politics in the digital age, loaded with technological references and love songs, and deemed by Kitty Empire writing in The Observer to be her most melancholic and mainstream effort.[193] Her genocide-depicting 2010 video for the single "Born Free" was deemed by Ann Powers writing in the Los Angeles Times to be "concentrating fully" on the physical horror of gun butts and bullets hitting flesh, with the scenes giving added poignancy to the lyrical themes of the song.[175] Interpreted as a comment on the Arizona immigration law, America's military might and desensitised attitudes towards violence, others found that the video stressed that genocide still exists and violent repression remains commonplace.[194] Some critics described the film as "sensationalist". Neda Ulaby of NPR described the video as intended for "shock value" in the service of nudging people into considering real issues that can be hard to talk about.[195][196][197] M.I.A. revealed that she felt "disconnected" during the writing process, and spoke of the Internet inspiration and themes of information politics that could be found in the songs and the artwork.[198][199]

M.I.A. views her work as reflective, pieced together in one piece "so you can acquire it and hear it." She states, "All that information floats around where we are – the images, the opinions, the discussions, the feelings – they all exist, and I felt someone had to do something about it because I can't live in this world where we pretend nothing really matters."[9] On the political nature of her songs she has said, "Nobody wants to be dancing to political songs. Every bit of music out there that’s making it into the mainstream is really about nothing. I wanted to see if I could write songs about something important and make it sound like nothing. And it kind of worked."[200] Censorship on MTV of "Sunshowers" proved controversial and was again criticised following Kala release "Paper Planes".[9][201] YouTube's block and subsequent age gating/obscuring of the video for "Born Free" from Maya due to its graphic violence/political subtext was criticised by M.I.A. as hypocritical, citing the Internet channel's streaming of real-life killings.[3][102][202] She went on to state, "It's just fake blood and ketchup and people are more offended by that than the execution videos", referring to clips of Sri Lankan troops extrajudicially shooting unarmed, blindfolded, naked men that she had previously tweeted.[3] Despite the block, the video remained on her website and Vimeo, and has been viewed 30 million times on the internet.[196][202] Lisa Weems writes in the book Postcolonial challenges in education how M.I.A. pointed out in her music how immigrants, refugees and persons of the third world can and do resist through economic, political and cultural discursive practices.[203] In light of her influence in modern culture and the historical and political significance embedded in both the instrumental music and lyrics of her songs, J. Gentry of Brown University instructs a course from summer 2012 titled "Music & Politics: From Mozart to M.I.A.", with the objective of academically exploring and examining the political messages and contexts of music and the way "music has consistently participated in and reflected the political debates of its time".[204]

Fashion and style

M.I.A. performing on the People vs. Money Tour

M.I.A. cites

pirate to queenly candy raver".[25][209]

Contrary to her present style, M.I.A.'s Arular era style has been described as "tattered hand me downs and patched T-shirts of indigents", embodying the "uniform of the

pop artist.[213]

M.I.A. was once denied entry into a

David Bailey, whose spread documents the British musicians who defined the sound and style of rock 'n' roll.[205][218][219][220] On 1 July 2012 Maya attended the Atelier Versace Show in Paris, wearing clothing inspired from the designer's 1992 collection.[221][222][223] In 2013 she released her own Versace Collection.[224]

Accolades

M.I.A. performing at Peace & Love during the Maya Tour, 2011 following the release of her Vicki Leekx mixtape

M.I.A.'s albums have generated widespread acclaim. PopMatters writer Rob Wheaton felt M.I.A. subverted the "abstract, organized, refined" distilling of violence in Western popular music and imagination and made her work represent much of the developing world's decades-long experiences of "arbitrary, unannounced, and spectacular" slaughter, deeming her work an "assault" with realism.[11] Some detractors criticised M.I.A. early in her music career for "using radical chic" and for her attendance of an art school.[182] Critic Simon Reynolds, writing in The Village Voice in 2005 saw this as a lack of authenticity and felt M.I.A. was "a veritable vortex of discourse, around most likely irresolvable questions concerning authenticity, postcolonialism, and dilettantism". He continued that while swayed by her chutzpah and ability to deliver live, he "was also turned off by the stencil-sprayed projection imagery of grenades, tanks, and so forth (redolent of the Clash with their strife-torn Belfast stage backdrops and Sandinista cred by association)" while the "99 percent white audience punched the air", admonishing what he perceived as a "lack of local character" to her debut album.[225]

Critic Robert Christgau described Reynolds' argument as "cheap tack" in another article written in the publication, stating M.I.A's experiences connected her to world poverty in a way "few Western whites can grasp". He questioned why M.I.A.'s 2001 Alternative Turner Prize nominated images of pastel-washed tigers, soldiers, guns, armoured vehicles, and fleeing civilians that bedeck M.I.A.'s albums and videos were now assumed or analysed as being incendiary propaganda, suggesting that unlike art buyers, rock and roll fans were "assumed to be stupid".[226] Reynolds later argued that M.I.A. was the "Artist of the Decade" in a 2009 issue of The Guardian.[227] Music culture writer Michael Meyer opined that M.I.A.'s record imagery, lyrical booklets, homepages and videos supported the "image of provocation yet also avoidance of, or inability to use consistent images and messages." Instead of catering to stereotypes, he felt that M.I.A. "played with them" creating an uncategorisable and hence unsettling result.[38] Critic Zach Baron felt that it had been shown in her career that M.I.A. had "always been adept at using a larger force against itself."[228] M.I.A. has been hailed as demonstrating dislocation to be a "productive site of departure" and praised for her ability to transform such a "disadvantage" into a creative form of expression.[210]

Social causes

Activism

M.I.A.'s commentary on the oppression of Sri Lankan Tamils, Palestinians and African Americans has drawn praise and criticism.[229] The United States has restricted her access into and out of the country during her career since the release of her debut album.[230] M.I.A. notes that the voicelessness she felt as a child dictated her role as a refugee advocate and voice lender to civilians in war during her career.

"Sometimes I repeat my story again and again because it's interesting to see how many times it gets edited, and how much the right to tell your story doesn't exist. People reckon that I need a political degree in order to go, 'My school got bombed and I remember it cos I was 10-years-old'. I think if there is an issue of people who, having had first hand experiences, are not being able to recount that – because there is laws or government restrictions or censorship or the removal of an individual story in a political situation – then that's what I'll keep saying and sticking up for, cos I think that's the most dangerous thing. I think removing individual voices and not letting people just go 'This happened to me' is really dangerous. That's what was happening... nobody handed them the microphone to say 'This is happening and I don't like it'."

—M.I.A., Clash[231]

Zénith de Paris
in 2014

M.I.A. attributes much of her success to the "homeless, rootlessness" of her early life.

2009 Tamil diaspora protests gathered pace, she joined other activists in condemning the actions of the Sri Lankan government against the Tamil populace as a slow "systematic" genocide.[237][238][239] Telling TIME that she didn't see anything wrong in sticking up for 300,000 trapped and dying people, M.I.A. stated that international governments were privy to Sri Lanka's use of widespread censorship and propaganda on the rebellion during the island's civil war to aid its impunity in numerous atrocities on civilians, but had no will to end it.[230][230][240] Sri Lanka's Foreign Secretary denied that his country perpetrated genocide, responding that he felt M.I.A. was "misinformed" and that "it's best she stays with what she's good at, which is music, not politics."[241] She has also appeared on Real Time with Bill Maher, as well as other television networks, to discuss the issues in Sri Lanka and critique the Sri Lankan government and their censorship of the media.[242][243]

She has been accused of being a "terrorist sympathiser" and "

LTTE supporter" by the Sri Lankan government,[3][244] even by public figures such as Oprah Winfrey, as was stated in a Rolling Stone magazine article, where the singer recalled their exchange: "She shut me down. She took that photo of me, but she was just like, ‘I can’t talk to you because you’re crazy and you’re a terrorist. And I’m like, ‘I’m not. I’m a Tamil and there are people dying in my country and you have to like look at it because you’re fucking Oprah and every American told me you’re going to save the world."[245][246]

Two weeks before his death, the Tigers' Political Head

B. Nadesan told Indian magazine, The Week, that he felt that M.I.A.'s humanitarianism had been a source of strength to Eelam Tamils and fearless, knowingly amidst the "all-powerful Sri Lankan propaganda machinery that demonises any one who speaks for the Tamils."[247] Miranda Sawyer of The Observer highlighted that M.I.A. was emotional and that this could be limiting her, stating that while she was well informed, "you're not meant to get involved when giving information out about war", and that the difficulty for M.I.A. was that the world "doesn't really care."[3]

Hate mail, including death threats directed at M.I.A. and her son, has followed her activism, which she also cited as an influence on the songs on her album Maya.[248]

In 2008, M.I.A. filmed from her

CIA" was harmful to internet freedom.[252] Some criticised the claim as lacking detail.[3]

In 2010, M.I.A. voiced her fears of the influence of video game violence on her son and his generation, saying, "I don't know which is worse. The fact that I saw it in my life has maybe given me lots of issues, but there's a whole generation of American kids seeing violence on their computer screens and then getting shipped off to Afghanistan. They feel like they know the violence when they don't. Not having a proper understanding of violence, especially what it's like on the receiving end of it, just makes you interpret it wrong and makes inflicting violence easier."[251]

On 20 November 2013 M.I.A. appeared on

The Colbert Report and was asked by host Stephen Colbert what she thought of America. Trying to be gentle, Maya ultimately responded with, "Well you know, in my mind, there's no countries, you know it's like; we're all one, we all live on this planet."[253]

On 2 December 2013

whistleblower Edward Snowden.[254] On 8 July 2016 Maya tweeted a YouTube video of an episode of Edward Snowden on the HBO show "VICE" entitled "State of Surveillance" which discusses abilities of governments to hack into cellular phones.[255]

M.I.A. has also been outspoken about the police killings of citizens in the United States. On 12 July 2016 she posted an article to Twitter showing that more US citizens have been killed by police than military personnel since 11 September 2001.[256]

Politics

"I'm not coming at it as a politician, it's my own personal experience. And I just think that that's just what people want to put out there, you know, 'You don't have the right to talk about this'. And they use me as a puppet to explain that to you, that only people who, you know, have a PhD in this shit are allowed to talk about this. Or that only politicians are allowed to talk about politics, and that's why we're fucked, because the cycle is constantly kept within that fucking framework. There aren't more people standing up and telling their personal experience... if a normal civilian comes up and says 'Hey, this happened in my village and I'm not happy about it', we're not allowed to talk about it. You have to follow this bureaucratic bullshit to get any sort of action, and it's all part of this cycle. Like back in the day, we had ideals of revolution and fighting back, and most of the time that shit starts with individual people having personal relationships, these experiences. And now it's so disconnected and the media can paint a picture for you...they make so much bureaucracy and politics, and I think taking away the personal aspects, the human aspects of these political issues is really wrong. Whether it's the floods, or starving people in Africa, or whatever. It's all funnelled through this channel, you really are not getting it from the horse's mouth, you know?"

—M.I.A.,

Boston Phoenix[257]

M.I.A. endorsed candidate

2009 European Parliament election, a last-minute candidate standing on a platform of anti-genocide, civil liberties, financial transparency, the environment and women's rights, who became one of the most successful independent election candidates ever despite her loss in the general election.[258]
In 2010, she condemned the Chinese Government's role in supporting and supplying arms to the Sri Lankan government during the conflict in an interview with music magazine Mondomix, stating that China's influence within the
war crimes committed during the conflict.[259]
In October 2009, she stated that the President of the United States Barack Obama should give back his 2009 Nobel Peace Prize "like John Lennon sent back his MBE."[260] She said in one interview, playing on the famous Lennon phrase "Give Peace a Chance" - "I'm a bit beyond being an artist who says, 'Give peace a chance.' Part of me is like, 'Give war a chance,' just to stir it up, you know what I mean?".[57] Following the
job creation program amongst the working class. She stated that the top forty companies in Britain who banked offshore should be made to pay taxes in the UK and "cut the poor people some slack."[262]

M.I.A. has been a supporter of

molestation. Earlier in 2012 Britain's Supreme Court denied an appeal by Assange to avoid extradition to Sweden to face these charges.[263] In November 2013, Assange appeared via Skype to open M.I.A.'s New York City concert.[269] Also, on 18 September 2014 Maya tweeted a link to a documentary on YouTube entitled "The Internet's Own Boy: Aaron Swartz". The documentary is about the life of Aaron Swartz, who was a computer programmer, writer, political organiser and Internet hacktivist. In the same tweet Maya included a link and invitation to RSVP to a party to launch Julian Assange's new book "When Google Met WikiLeaks".[270]

M.I.A. with partner Ben Bronfman and Twitter founders Jack Dorsey and Evan Williams

Ann Powers, in conversation with Billboard revealed that in trying to handle political issues and creating art, the musician did not want to compromise or keep silent. She notes that this method worked for The Clash, but that this was at a certain time and a certain place, that they benefitted from being a band, and that audiences were more used to seeing men being confrontational.[271] Conversely, Denise Sullivan writing in Keep on Pushing: Black Power Music from Blues to Hip-Hop (2011), noted that in contrast to other rock musicians, M.I.A. furthered the legacy of The Clash, "creating a controversy while doing so".[272] Critic Jon Dolan of Spin noted M.I.A. may be a "confused revolutionary? brilliant provocateur?" and one of the most polarising yet thrilling figures in pop music today.[209] Sarahanna, writing in Impose magazine cited composer Igor Stravinsky in describing M.I.A.'s role as an artist who challenged the audience into breaking their mind from a conservative cycle of familiarity.[273] Baron writing in the Village Voice felt that although M.I.A.'s bloodline, politics and grievance meant that she was more informed than most and gave her "every right to be a partisan and were reason for caution," he praised her efforts for leading thousands of American writers including himself to know of the situation in Sri Lanka as "brilliant", noting her mainly humanitarian angle in her protesting of civilian casualties that had been vastly and disproportionately inflicted on Sri Lanka's Tamil minority and her courage in "putting her success and fame on the line to use every opportunity and avenue possible to remind Americans and people around the globe of this conflict" is pretty much the most admirable thing going in pop music.[237]

In a 2 September 2016 interview with The New York Times M.I.A. talked about making the decision to sacrifice fame and money for speech. "I had the choice to shut my mouth and not be political in order to catapult my fame and popularity and my bank balance. But that’s not the choice I made." [274]

Media

M.I.A.'s relationship with some media outlets has been controversial.

Wikileaks distributed their documents to other news publications – including the New York Times — to gain wider coverage, as she stated their "way of reporting" did not work.[278][279][280]

Philanthropy

M.I.A. supports a number of charities, both publicly and privately. She funded

MTV Movie Awards afterparty, she donated her performance fee to building more schools in the country, telling the crowd, "It costs to build a school for 1,000."[284][285][286] Winning the 2008 Official Soundclash Championships (iPod Battle) with her "M.I.A. and Friends" team, 20% of the following year's championship ticket sales were donated to her Liberian school building projects.[287]

M.I.A. has also donated to The Pablove Foundation to fund paediatric cancer research, aid cancer families, and improve the quality of life for children living with cancer through creative arts programmes.[288] In 2009, she supported the "Mercy Mission to Vanni" aid ship, destined to send civilian aid from Britain to Vanni and controversially blocked from reaching its destination.[289] The country's navy announced that it would fire on any ship that entered its waters, and M.I.A. was singled out on the Sri Lankan army's official website after the singer announced her support for the campaign.[290] In 2011, following her performance at the Roskilde Festival, she donated from the Roskilde Festival Charity Society to help bring justice to Tamil victims of war crimes and genocide and to aid advocacy and ensure legal rights for refugees and witnesses.[291]

Personal life

After M.I.A. approached

American DJ Diplo at the Fabric Club in London,[292] the two were romantically involved for five years.[293]

From 2006 to 2008, M.I.A. lived in the

Bedford-Stuyvesant neighbourhood of Brooklyn, New York, where she met Benjamin Bronfman (a.k.a. Benjamin Brewer), an environmentalist, founder of Green Owl, musician and member of the Bronfman family and Lehman family.[294][295] They became engaged and she gave birth to their son, Ikhyd Edgar Arular Bronfman, on 13 February 2009, just three days after performing at the Grammy Awards.[296][297] In February 2012, it was announced that she and Bronfman had split.[298] In a 2013 interview with Ferrari Sheppard, M.I.A. commented on her relationship with Bronfman and his family's wealth: "I think it’s weird. It’s not that I got with Ben and then suddenly I was a billionaire. You know? I got with Ben, and I realised that we do come from different worlds, but it’s interesting that it is more about the concepts of, again, elitism and power. Who Ben is on paper sounds way more powerful than who I am because of where he comes from."[299]

Discography

Main article: M.I.A. discography

Studio albums

Mixtapes

EPs

Tours

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by M.I.A.

M.I.A. is the only artist in history to receive nominations for all four of

MTV Europe Music Award
.

Personal life

In June 2017, M.I.A endorsed

2017 UK General Election. She said, "I don't usually believe politicians, but I think Corbyn is actually, like, real." She added, "So this is a once in a lifetime opportunity – please go vote. You don't have to trust a politician or vote ever again, but just do it now."[300]

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Sources and further reading

External links

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