Idlib: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Extended confirmed users 7,715 edits |
m added Baghdadi death |
||
| Line 159: | Line 159: | ||
There are around 20,000-30,000 fighters in Idlib, General [[Joseph Dunford]], chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, explained in July 2019. This was followed by the Deputy Secretary for the Middle East [[Michael P. Mulroy]] who explained that “Idlib is essentially the largest collection of al-Qaeda affiliates in the world.” <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/07/focus-iran-tragedy-syria-idlib-putin-trump.html|title=While the world focuses on Iran, a tragedy is ‘unfolding before our eyes’ in Idlib|first=Week in|last=Review|date=July 19, 2019|website=Al-Monitor}}</ref> Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), a group linked to al-Qaeda, currently has the upper hand among those fight for control of Idlib. The [[Institute for the Study of War]] also warns that Idlib is the focus of a strategy by the [[ISIS]] to reconstitute and that Idlib may well be the incubator for the next iteration of IS and al-Qaeda.<ref name="auto"/> |
There are around 20,000-30,000 fighters in Idlib, General [[Joseph Dunford]], chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, explained in July 2019. This was followed by the Deputy Secretary for the Middle East [[Michael P. Mulroy]] who explained that “Idlib is essentially the largest collection of al-Qaeda affiliates in the world.” <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/07/focus-iran-tragedy-syria-idlib-putin-trump.html|title=While the world focuses on Iran, a tragedy is ‘unfolding before our eyes’ in Idlib|first=Week in|last=Review|date=July 19, 2019|website=Al-Monitor}}</ref> Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), a group linked to al-Qaeda, currently has the upper hand among those fight for control of Idlib. The [[Institute for the Study of War]] also warns that Idlib is the focus of a strategy by the [[ISIS]] to reconstitute and that Idlib may well be the incubator for the next iteration of IS and al-Qaeda.<ref name="auto"/> |
||
On October 26, 2019 U.S. [[Joint Special Operations Command]] (JSOC) conducted a raid into the Idlib province of Syria on the border with Turkey that resulted in the death of brahim Awad Ibrahim Ali al-Badri al-Samarrai also known as [[Abū Bakr al-Baghdadi]]. <ref>https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/26/politics/white-house-trump-announcement-sunday/index.html</ref> The raid was launched based on a [[CIA]] intelligence effort that located the leader of ISIS. This complex operations was conducted during the withdrawal of U.S. forces northeast Syria, adding to the complexity. <ref>https://www.ibtimes.com/isis-leader-al-baghdadi-dead-after-us-special-forces-raid-hideout-syria-sources-2854504</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-forces-launch-operation-in-syria-targeting-isis-leader-baghdadi-officials-say/2019/10/27/081bc257-adf1-4db6-9a6a-9b820dd9e32d_story.html</ref> Several senior officials commented that this operation was only possible because of the presence of troops on the ground allowing for the development of intelligence networks. Any further reduction in troop presence could compromise this capability. The Syrian Democratic Forces and the Iraqi military also support the operation. The U.S. stated they deconflicted with Turkey, but they did not support the operation.<ref>https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2019/10/27/isis-leader-al-baghdadi-believed-killed-in-us-commando-raid/</ref> |
|||
==Climate== |
==Climate== |
||
Revision as of 12:10, 27 October 2019
Idlib
إدلب | |
|---|---|
| Area code | 23 |
| Geocode | C3871 |
| Climate | Csa |
| Website | eIdleb |
Idlib (
Syrian Civil War in 2011, the city was taken over by rebel militias and by 2017 became the seat of the Syrian Salvation Government, de-facto controlling the Idlib Governorate together with Tahrir al-Sham
.
In the 2004 census by the
minority. Idlib is divided into six main districts: Ashrafiyeh (the most populous), Hittin, Hejaz, Downtown, Hurriya, and al-Qusur.A major agricultural center of Syria, the Idlib area is also historically significant, containing many "dead cities" and man-made tells. Idlib contains the ancient city of Ebla, once the capital of a powerful kingdom.[3] The ancient kingdoms of Nuhašše and Luhuti flourished in the territory of the present-day Governorate during the Bronze and Iron ages.[4]
History
The Ebla tablets (2350 BC) mention the city of 𒁺𒄷𒆷𒇥𒌝 (du-ḫu-la-bu6-um "Duhulabum") which is most probably located at Idlib as suggested by Michael Astour and Douglas Frayne; a similarity exists between the sounds of the ancient and modern names. In the tablets Duhulabuum is located 22 km south of "Unqi" which might correspond to the modern village of Kaukanya; a village located 22 km northeast of Idlib. Thutmose III also mentioned the city with the name
ytḥb.[5]
|
Classical Antiquity
_Syria.jpg)
Idlib, alongside all of Syria were conquered by the Armenian king
Pompey the Great around 64 BC. The city was never of much significance, belonging to the province of Roman Syria under the Roman Empire, and later to the Eastern Roman province of Syria Secunda before being conquered by the Arabs around the 6th century. Not much remains from Roman and Byzantine rule in the city, except in its museum. Also north of the city are the Dead Cities
, a collection of important archaeological sites from the Byzantine era.
Ottoman era
During
Christian families, according to German orientalist Albert Socin.[6]
Syrian Civil War
During the
Michael Mulroy stated that “Idlib is essentially the largest collection of al Qaeda affiliates in the world right now,” in June 2019.[13]
There are around 20,000-30,000 fighters in Idlib, General
ISIS to reconstitute and that Idlib may well be the incubator for the next iteration of IS and al-Qaeda.[14]
On October 26, 2019 U.S.
CIA intelligence effort that located the leader of ISIS. This complex operations was conducted during the withdrawal of U.S. forces northeast Syria, adding to the complexity. [16][17] Several senior officials commented that this operation was only possible because of the presence of troops on the ground allowing for the development of intelligence networks. Any further reduction in troop presence could compromise this capability. The Syrian Democratic Forces and the Iraqi military also support the operation. The U.S. stated they deconflicted with Turkey, but they did not support the operation.[18]
Climate
hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa).[19]
Summers are hot and rainless, while winters are rainy and cool.
The highest record temperatures was 44 °C (111 °F) on June 16, 2012.[20]
| Climate data for Idlib | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20 (68) |
21 (70) |
26 (79) |
35 (95) |
37 (99) |
44 (111) |
42 (108) |
39 (102) |
38 (100) |
37 (99) |
29 (84) |
24 (75) |
44 (111) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) |
12.2 (54.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
28.0 (82.4) |
31.7 (89.1) |
33.2 (91.8) |
34.2 (93.6) |
31.8 (89.2) |
26.7 (80.1) |
18.7 (65.7) |
12.2 (54.0) |
23.1 (73.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.2 (43.2) |
7.7 (45.9) |
11.3 (52.3) |
15.8 (60.4) |
20.9 (69.6) |
25.0 (77.0) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.8 (82.0) |
25.1 (77.2) |
20.0 (68.0) |
13.0 (55.4) |
8.1 (46.6) |
17.4 (63.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
6.0 (42.8) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.8 (56.8) |
18.4 (65.1) |
21.0 (69.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
18.4 (65.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
7.4 (45.3) |
4.0 (39.2) |
11.6 (52.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −5 (23) |
−5 (23) |
1 (34) |
1 (34) |
8 (46) |
15 (59) |
18 (64) |
20 (68) |
13 (55) |
3 (37) |
−4 (25) |
−5 (23) |
−5 (23) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 97 (3.8) |
88 (3.5) |
59 (2.3) |
41 (1.6) |
18 (0.7) |
5 (0.2) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
6 (0.2) |
25 (1.0) |
41 (1.6) |
93 (3.7) |
473 (18.6) |
| Source 1: Climate-Data.org (altitude: 432m)[19] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Voodoo Skies for record temperatures[20] | |||||||||||||
Economy
Idlib is a major production center for
sesame seeds, figs, grapes and tomatoes.[21] In 1995 there were roughly 300 hectares planted with various citrus crop.[22] Olive oil pressing and textiles are some of the city's local industries.[21] The nearby city of Aleppo has an important economic presence in Idlib.[3]
The Idlib Regional Museum in the city contains over 17,000 of the Ebla tablets and serves as Idlib's main tourist attraction, excluding the nearby ancient site of Ebla itself. Under the Technical and Financial Cooperation Agreement between the governments of Italy and Syria, the museum was to undergo a restoration and renovation project starting in 2010.[23]
Sports
Omayya Idlib, founded in 1972, is the most popular football team in the city. The club played in the Syrian Premier League for the 2011-2012 season. Idlib Municipal Stadium
is the main football venue in the city.
35°56′N 36°38′E / 35.933°N 36.633°E
References
- ^ "مدينة إدلب السورية". aljazeera.net.
- ^ Mroue, Bassem. "Syrian forces capture rebel stronghold near Turkey". The Salt Lake Tribune. Associated Press. 2012-03-13. Retrieved on 2012-03-13.
- ^ a b c Casule, 2008, p.56.
- ^ John David Hawkins. Inscriptions of the Iron Age: Part 1. p. 400.
- ^ Timothy P. Harrison, Edward B. Banning. Walls of the Prince: Egyptian Interactions with Southwest Asia in Antiquity: Essays in Honour of John S. Holladay, Jr. p. 76.
- ^ a b Baedeker, 1912, p.376.
- ^ a b c Porter, 1868, p. 580.
- ^ Inalcik, 1997, p.501.
- ^ "Gulf allies and 'Army of Conquest". Al-Ahram Weekly. 28 May 2015.
- ^ Sherlock, Ruth (29 March 2015). "Thousands flee Syrian city Idlib after rebel capture". The Telegraph. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
- ^ "Will Syrian opposition move interim government to Idlib? - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 2016-12-26. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
- ^ "Jihadists take control of major Syrian city". Mail Online. Retrieved 2017-07-23.
- ^ "Russia prepares 'crushing' offensive in Syria". Washington Examiner. June 10, 2019.
- ^ a b Review, Week in (July 19, 2019). "While the world focuses on Iran, a tragedy is 'unfolding before our eyes' in Idlib". Al-Monitor.
- ^ https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/26/politics/white-house-trump-announcement-sunday/index.html
- ^ https://www.ibtimes.com/isis-leader-al-baghdadi-dead-after-us-special-forces-raid-hideout-syria-sources-2854504
- ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-forces-launch-operation-in-syria-targeting-isis-leader-baghdadi-officials-say/2019/10/27/081bc257-adf1-4db6-9a6a-9b820dd9e32d_story.html
- ^ https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2019/10/27/isis-leader-al-baghdadi-believed-killed-in-us-commando-raid/
- ^ a b "Climate: Idlib - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ^ a b "Idlib, Syria". Voodoo Skies. Archived from the original on 2016-03-21. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ^ a b Idlib, Syria. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2012. Retrieved on 2012-03-11.
- ^ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1996, p. 147.
- ^ Ferrari, 2009, p. 522.
Bibliography
- Baedeker, Karl (1912), Palestine and Syria, with routes through Mesopotamia and Babylonia and the island of Cyprus: handbook for travellers, K. Baedeker
- Casule, F. (2008), Art and History Syria, Casa Editrice Bonechi, ISBN 8847601193
- Angelo, Ferrari (2009), Proceedings 4th International Congress on "Science and Technology for the Safeguard of Cultural Heritage in the Mediterranean Basin", vol. 1, Angelo Ferrari-CNR, Institute of Chemical Methodologies, ISBN 889668031X
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1996). Citrus Pest Problems and Their Control in the Near East. Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 9251033013.
- Inalcik, Halil (1997), An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521574552
- Porter, Josias Leslie (1858). A Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine. Vol. 1. Murray.
External links
News and events
- eIdleb The first complete website for Idleb news and services
Governmental services
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Idlib.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
