Sumatera Thawalib

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Sumatera Thawalib was one of the earliest Islamic mass organizations in Indonesia, based in

Islamic Modernism was promoted by Muhammad Abduh.[1] The term Sumatera Thawalib literally means "Students of Sumatra", and it was founded on January 15, 1919 as a result of meeting between the Muslim students of Padang Panjang, Parabek and Padang Japang. The aim of the organization was deepening of Islamic knowledge among the Muslim students. The organization had contributed substantially to the development of Islam in West Sumatra in the early 20th century.[2]

History

Origin

Sumatera Thawalib was originated from

Abdullah Ahmad and Abdul Karim Amrullah, also known as Haji Rasul. After Ahmad moved to Padang, Haji Rasul inaugurated him as the successor of the leadership of the surau and brought many reforms. In 1915, a coop called Koperasi Pelajar was instituted by Haji Habib, and later it was expanded by Haji Hasyim. With the establishment of the coop, Surau Jembatan Besi was considered having open atmosphere and willing to accept innovative methods, as the concept of coop was brought from the West.[3]

In 1913, Zainuddin Labai Al-Yunusi returned to Padang Panjang after studying with Sheikh

Bukittinggi and Padang
.

As Surau Jembatan Besi went through several reforms, in 1918 when Haji Rasul established Surau Sumatera Thawalib, many changes implemented in its predecessor was succeeded on the surau as well. Among the educational system adopted by Surau Sumatera Thawalib were the class system, reconstruction of curriculum and teaching methods, and textbooks teaching more general subjects.[3] Shortly after, Surau Parabek which was founded by Sheikh Ibrahim Musa, also moved toward the reformation in the field of education, Surau Gadang Syeikh Abbas Abdullah become Sumatera Thawalib Padang Japang and this was followed by many other suraus as well.[4]

Establishment

Surau Parabek was originally named Surau Muzakartul Ikhwan (or Jamiatul Ikhwan), and it was founded by Sheikh Ibrahim Musa on September 20, 1910. On January 15, 1919, at the surau belonged to

Maninjau and Batusangkar area into integration into Sumatera Thawalib system and applying similar educational system onto their respective suraus.[4]

Political development and shutdown

Soon after the establishment, the organization had developed politically with the integration of all the suraus in West Sumatra, and they encouraged all the students in the suraus to form organizations that connect them all together. On January 22, 1922, at the invitation of the students of Sumatera Thawalib Padang Panjang, a meeting was held between the representatives of all schools of Sumatera Thawalib. The meeting decided to form a unity of Thawalib student organizations under a single Central Council with branches in the regions. The union is called the Student Union of Sumatera Thawalib and its center of activity was in Padang Panjang. In 1923, with the influence of Djamaluddin Tamin and Datuk Batuah, communism was brought to the union and attracted the hearts of the disciples of Sumatera Thawalib. This new idea was thoroughly opposed by the lecturers of the organization, especially Haji Rasul who was then a professor.[3] These political developments had led to the shutdown of the organization by the Dutch East Indies colonial government in 1928.[6]

Legacy

In 1928, the traditionalist ulamas led by the former lecturers of Sumatera Thawalib founded the

Union of Indonesian Muslims (Persatuan Muslim Indonesia, PERMI) which eventually developed into a political party. Notable politicians of the party include Rasuna Said.[6]

Beside establishing union, some of Sumatera Thawalib school transformed into independent political free well known Islamic education institution nowadays. Sumatera Thawalib Ibrahim Musa Parabek transformed become Thawalib Parabek, Sumatera Thawalib Syekikh Abbas Abdullah Padang Japang transformed into Darul Funun.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ Menchik, 2017. pp.4
  2. ^ Daya, Burhanuddin. (1990) Gerakan Penbaharuan Pemikiran Islam Kasus Sumatera Thawalib. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana. pp.92.
  3. ^ a b c d Naim, 1990. pp.4-18.
  4. ^ a b c d e Sumatera Thawalib, Sekolah Modern Islam Pertama di Indonesia. JPNN. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  5. ^ Saerozi, Muh. Model of strategies in developing Islamic thought through curriculum: a study of Sumatra Thawalib 1900-1942. IJIMS, Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, Volume 4, Number 2, December 2014: 233-255.
  6. ^ a b Sumatera Thawalib, Sekolah Islam Modern Pertama di Indonesia. Padang Kita. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  7. ^ Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah (Perti) 1930-1971M. Wawasan Sejarah. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  8. ^ Sejarah Darul Funun Website Perguruan Darul Funun

Bibliography

  • Menchik, Jeremy. (2017) Islam and Democracy in Indonesia: Tolerance without Liberalism. Cambridge Studies in Social Theory, Religion and Politics.
  • Naim, Mochtar. (1990) Madrasah Sumatera Thawalib Parabek, Bukittingi. Laporan Penelitian Madrasah Bersama Tim Penelitian IAIN Imam Bonjol, Padang.
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