Sarong
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A sarong or a sarung ( in the Arabian Peninsula.
The unisex sarong is typically longer than the men's lungi.
Etymology
The term sarong ([ˈsaroŋ]) is an English loanword of Malay origin meaning 'to cover' or 'to sheath'.[2] It was first used in 1834 referring to the skirt-like garment of the Malay. Sarong is also the colloquial and old spelling of the Indonesian and Malay word for sarung, while in formal Indonesian it is known as sarung ([ˈsaruŋ]).
Sarongs are known as many different names across Asia, including
In West Africa, the word srong or sorong is found in the
Overview
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Sarung denotes a length of fabric as agarment.
Sarong or sarung denotes the lower garment worn by
The sarong is common wear for women in formal settings with a
Regional variations
Arabian Peninsula
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Yemeni men in traditional sarongs
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Yemeni man tying his futah (sarong). Sometimes people keep money or small utensils in the folds of the futah.
Sarongs known under a variety of local names are traditionally worn by the people of
Indian subcontinent
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Bangladeshi boy in a traditional lungi.
Sarongs, very similar to those of South-East Asia and completely different from the Indian subcontinent (excluding Sri Lanka) are widespread – in the state of Manipur, where they are called phanek and mekhela in Assam which are very similar to traditional attire of other South-East Asian nations. In the South Indian states of Kerala, they are called mundu (if fully white or fully black) and lungi or kaili if coloured, and in Tamil Nadu, they are called kaili or saaram or vetti or lungi and are usually worn at home. A standard lungi measures 2.12 by 1.2 metres.
Unlike the brightly colored Southeast Asian sarongs, the Kerala variety (the mundu) is more often plain white and is worn for ceremonial or religious purposes. In Kerala, the brightly coloured sarongs are called kaily and the white ones are called mundu. The more formal, all-white dhoti is worn for formal and religious occasions. While there are dresses based on the mundu which can be worn by women, they more commonly wear the sari.
Sri Lanka
Sarongs are very common in Sri Lanka and worn only by men. (A similar garment is worn by women. However, the women's garment is called redda, which is a wrap-around skirt.) It is the standard garment for most men in rural and even some urban communities. However, most men of upper social classes (whose public attire is usually trousers) wear the sarong only for ceremonial purposes, as a convenient night garment or only within the confines of the house. The Tamil-speaking communities, the Sri Lankan Tamils and the Sri Lankan Moors people also call it saaram or chaaram.
Statistically, the number of people wearing sarong as their primary public attire is on the decline in Sri Lanka, the reason being that the sarong carries the stigma of being the attire for less-educated lower social classes. However, there is a trend toward adopting the sarong as a fashionable garment or as a formal garment worn with national pride, only on special occasions.[5] Political and social leaders of Sri Lanka who want to portray their humility and closeness to the common person and their nationalism, choose a variation of the sarong nicknamed the "national" as their public attire.
Horn of Africa
Sarongs are ubiquitous in
Designs vary greatly and range from checkered square motifs with watermarked diamonds and
Southeast Asia
Indonesia
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Javanese Muslim men in Indonesia wearing sarong.
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Formal batik sarongs worn by guards during Sultan's parade in Yogyakarta
In Indonesia the sarong is generally known as a kain sarung ('sarong cloth') except for in Bali where it carries the name kamben, possibly etymologically related to kemben (Javanese torso wrap). The sarung or sarong is often described as an Indonesian skirt; it is a large tube or length of fabric, often wrapped around the waist and worn by men and women throughout much of the Indonesian archipelago.[6] The sarong is also commonly described as a unisex tubular skirt.[7]
The most common design of the Indonesian sarong is woven cloth with checkered motifs, usually used by Muslim men for salah prayer. This kind of sarong cloth is stitched together to create a tubular skirt-like lower garment. In Bali, sarongs are not stitched together as a tube, but remain as a piece of cloth to wrap around the waist and secured with a knot.
Other than common checkered motifs, other woven or print methods might be employed, such as batik, ikat, songket, and other kinds of tenun traditional woven clothes. Sarongs are used by various ethnic groups in Indonesia. They are made from a variety of materials such as cotton, polyester or silk.[6] Indonesian women wear traditional costumes called kebaya as upper garments, while for lower garments they wear sarongs dyed in the batik method, with flower motifs and in brighter colors. However, in Javanese culture, the wearing of batik sarungs is not restricted to women on formal occasions such as weddings.
In 2019, in an effort to promote and popularize the sarong among its people, the government encouraged Indonesians to wear the sarong in public at least once a month. President
Malaysia
In Malaysia, the sarong is known as a kain. The word kain is paired with specific words to specify its type and function such as kain pelikat (a type of sarong with a simple stripe and box pattern), kain sarung,[8] kain tenun (woven sarong), kain batik (sarong with batik motifs and design, normally worn by women and paired with a kebaya or Baju Kurung) or kain samping or sampin (specialized sarong worn by men with Baju Melayu). In the Malaysian state of Sarawak, it is called sabok (for men) and tapeh (for women).
Philippines
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A patadyong from the Sulu Archipelago in the Honolulu Museum of Art
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Cordilleran alampay in the Honolulu Museum of Art
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abacafiber
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abacafiber
Sarong from the Philippines are generally known as tapis in Luzon, alampay in the Cordilleran highlands, patadyong in the islands of Visayas and Sulu, and malong in Mindanao. They are worn by both men and women and can be rectangular or tube-like. They can be knee-length or ankle-length and come in various colors that are usually unique to the specific ethnic group that wove them. Among men, the skirt is usually drawn up and tied at the waist (like a dhoti), forming a trouser-like clothing known as a salawal. They can also serve as shawls or blankets. They were paired with close-fitting shirts or jackets known as baro or bayu.[9][10][11][12][13]
Among the Maranao people, the malong is featured in the folk dance kapa malong malong which shows the various ways that the malong can be utilized.[14]
During the Spanish colonial era, the tapis was worn over a longer skirt (saya or falda) due to the shortness of the tapis being deemed too immodest by the Spanish clergy to be worn alone. It evolved over time to become part of the traditional Filipino dress for women, the baro't saya.[11][15]
Western world
In North and South America as well as Europe, hip wraps are worn as beach wear or as a cover-up over
Securing
Numerous tying methods exist to hold a sarong to the wearer's body. In some cases, these techniques customarily differ according to the sex of wearer. If a sarong has ties, they may be used to hold it in place. Sarong ties give the wearer a little extra hold and security.[17] If no ties exist, a pin may be used, the fabric may be tightly tucked under itself in layers, the corners of the main sheet may be wrapped around the body and knotted, or a belt may be used to hold the sarong in place.
Similar garments
The basic garment known in English most often as a sarong, sewn or unsewn, has analogs in many regions, where it shows variations in style and is known by different names.
- Africa
- In kikoy, traditionally worn by men and used with much simpler designs, however, it is used more frequently in high fashion. Kangas are brightly coloured lengths of cottonthat incorporate elaborate and artistic designs and usually include the printing of a Swahili proverb along the hem.
- In Madagascar it is called a lamba.
- In chitenje.
- In Somalia it is called a macawis or hoosgunti.
- In Mauritius it is called a pareo.
- In Mozambique it is called a capulana.
- In kikoiand commonly used as a furniture throw or for going to the beach.
- In Zambia they are known as chitenge.
- In
- Brazil
- Kangas or cangas are used in Brazil as swimwear by women. They are readily available at beaches and littoralcities, but are also found in shops in the countryside for swimming in pools or rivers.
- Middle East
- In Saudi Arabia, it is called fouta (Arabic: فوطه).
- In Yemen, it is called either fouta (Arabic: فوطه) or meouaz (Arabic: معوز).
- Indian subcontinent
- In South India it is called a lungi. It is most often sewn into a large cylindrical shape, so there is no slit when the phanek or lungi is tied.
- In eastern India and Bangladesh it is known as a lungi.
- In mekhelain Assam which are very similar to the traditional attire of other South-East Asian nations.
- In South India it is called veetti in Tamil, pancha in Telugu, panche in Kannada, and mundu in Malayalam.
- In the southernmost districts of Tamil Nadu, it is also known as chaaram, possibly influenced from Sri Lanka from the trading days.
- In the Maldives, and Indian state of Kerala, it is known as a mundu, feyli[18] or neriyathu.
- In Punjabit is a called chadra.
- In Sinhalese.
- Southeast Asia
- In Cambodia សារុង /saaroŋ/[20] is used as an alternative to សំពត់ /sɑmpʊət/.[21]
- In Indonesia, it is generally known as sarung or kain sarung, but in larger extent in Indonesian languages it can be known as cawat, cindai, tapih, tapis, lunggi, lurik, pareo, palepai, jarit, jarik, sinjang, kampuh, poleng, sindai, selongsong, wiru, and wiron.
- In Laos and Isan (northwestern Thailand), it is called a sinh (Lao: ສິ້ນ, Thai: ซิ่น), as well as sarong.
- In Malaysia it is known as a kain, kain pelikat, kain sarung, kain tenun, kain batik, or kain sampin (specialised sarong worn by men with Baju Melayu). In the Malaysian state of Sarawak, it is called sabok (for men) and tapeh (for women).
- In Myanmar, it is known as a longyi.
- In the niqab, hijab, a dress, a blanket, a sunshade, a bedsheet, a "dressing room", a hammock, a prayer mat, and other purposes. During the Spanish colonial period, it evolved into a distinctive outer covering of the skirt for the baro't saya.[22]
- In Thailand, it is known as a pha khao ma (Thai: ผ้าขาวม้า) for men and a pha thung (Thai: ผ้าถุง) for women.
- Pacific Islands
- In Fiji it is known as an isulu.
- In Hawaii it is referred to as kikepa.
- In Papua New Guinea the Tok Pisin term is lap-lap and it is worn by men and women. In the other lingua franca, Hiri Motu, it is called rami.
- In Rotuma, it is known as a hạ' fạli.
- In Samoa it is known as a lavalava (also lava-lava).
- In Tahiti and Cook Islands it is known as a pāreu.
- In Tonga it is known as tupenu.
- In kie.
In the media
The American public is most familiar with the sarong for the dozens of
The 2005 documentary film Soldiers in Sarong, directed by Lokendra Arambam, depicts the women's resistance movement in Manipur, North-East India.[23] The 2020 Indonesian film Tarung Sarung depicts a martial arts tradition where combatants are joined together by the garment.
In Singapore, the term
See also
Notes
- ^ "Selyn - Fair Trade Handlooms". Selyn - Fair Trade Handlooms. Archived from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
- ^ "Sarong". Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper. 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
- ^ Christaller, Johann Gottlieb (June 22, 1881). "A Dictionary of the Asante and Fante Language Called Tshi (Chwee, Tw̌i): With a Grammatical Introduction and Appendices on the Geography of the Gold Coast and Other Subjects". Evangelical Missionary Society – via Google Books.
- ^ "Singh, Atom Sunil; "Indigenous Games between Cambodia and Manipur: A Borderless Connectivity"". E-pao.net. Retrieved 2011-09-18.
- ^ "Travelsrilanka - Seven Additional Uses for a Sarong - Sri Lanka". www.travelsrilanka.com. Archived from the original on October 7, 2007.
- ^ a b Gultom, Obbie Afri (2014-04-26). "Indonesian Skirt : The Famous Indonesian Sarong". Eat,Travel and Style. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
- ^ a b "Jokowi Wants Indonesians to Wear Sarong at Least Once a Month". Jakarta Globe. 5 March 2019. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
- ISBN 9789813016996. Retrieved 28 March 2018 – via Google Books.
- ^ So, Michelle. Caught in the Net: ‘Tapis’ cops(editorial column) Sun Star Cebu. April 17, 2008 Archived April 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "The Filipiniana Dress: The Rebirth of the Terno". Vinta Gallery. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
- ^ a b c Coo, Stéphanie Marie R. (2014). Clothing and the colonial culture of appearances in nineteenth century Spanish Philippines (1820-1896) (PhD). Université Nice Sophia Antipolis.
- ^ Perdon, Renato (22 August 2013). "Muslim Filipinos: An Ethnic Ensemble". Munting Nayon. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
- ISBN 978-1-875560-62-2.
- ^ "Kapa Malong-Malong". DanceAndDance. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- ^ ISBN 971-550-135-4.
- ^ "men". Sarong Blog. 2014-04-03. Retrieved 2016-09-21.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Sarongs : A Journey Through Style and Function". 15 July 2023.
- ^ Sarong, The British Museum
- ^ "Baro't Saya". Philippine Folklife Museum Foundation. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
- ^ "SEAlang Dictionary". www.sealang.net. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
- ^ "SEAlang Dictionary". www.sealang.net. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
- ^ "Tapis". Philippine Folklife Museum Foundation. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
- ^ "Soldiers in Sarong directed by Lokendra Arambam". Cultureunplugged.com. Retrieved 2011-09-18.