Islam in East Java

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Built in 1421, Ampel Mosque in Surabaya is the oldest surviving mosque in Java, and the second-oldest in Indonesia.

Islam is the most common religion in the Indonesian province of East Java, embraced by 96.7% of the whole population.[1] Throughout its history, East Java has been considered one of the heartlands of Islam in Indonesia; the province experienced one of the earliest proliferations of Islam, as well as the establishment of the largest Islamic mass organization in Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama.

History

The grave of Sunan Bonang in Tuban is a popular location for ziyarat (saint veneration).

Islam was first introduced in East Java in the 11th century. The earliest evidence of the arrival of Islam in East Java is the existence of Islamic graves on behalf of Fatimah bint Maimun in

Lamongan, and Sunan Bonang in Tuban. Wali Songo were the descendants of Islamic scholars who originated in the Middle East, Central and South Asia; they came down to East Java after generations of proselytization throughout Southeast Asia in areas such as Champa. Malik Ibrahim was the first of the saints who moved across East Java for proselytization after the power of the Majapahit Empire weakened. These saints had certain skills and mercantile interests they could provide to the local populations, such as knowledge about irrigation, while also being able to guide and teach people regarding Islam at the same time.[3][4] Among the first who converted to Islam were the fishermen in the port. These newly converted Muslims had founded their bases in mosques, such as Ampel Mosque
in Surabaya which was completed in 1421, making it among the first mosques built in the archipelago.

The reign of Sultan Agung led to what scholars have called the "mystic synthesis" of Javanese Islam, a fusion of indigenous Javanese traditions with Islam. He often invoked the power of ancient Javanese supernatural themes, sponsored mystical literature, and identified as a Sufi warrior.[5] This cultural synthesis would dominate among the Javanese for over 200 years and influence Javanese society to modern times.[6]

Society

Religious outlook

Islam in East Java had been traditionally characterized by the preservation of local custom (

kejawen. Muslims who practice these syncretic forms of Islam are called abangan.[7] More recently, kejawen has been relegated to rural pockets following the proliferation of Islamic orthodoxy in the late 20th century. Meanwhile, there has been a formation of Islam Nusantara which is aimed at a pluralist and vernacular interpretation of the orthodoxy.[8]

Education

Ponorogo, Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng in Jombang, and Pondok Pesantren Lirboyo in Kediri
.

Several cities and regions in East Java are known as

Situbondo.[10][11] The term kota santri is often emphasized by the cities and regions to promote religious tourism.[11]

References

  1. ^ Umat Islam di Jawa Timur Berkarakter Toleran. Republika Online. Retrieved November 16, 2017
  2. ^ "Fatimah Binti Maimun, Muballigh Pertama Tanah Jawa". 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
  3. ^ Sejarah Indonesia: Wali Songo
  4. ^ Agus Sunyoto [1], Discussion of Atlas Walisongo with Habib Anis Sholeh Ba'asyin & KH. Mustofa Bisri.
  5. ISBN 978-0-19-027772-7
    , retrieved 2024-07-07
  6. ISBN 978-0-8248-3152-3
    .
  7. ^ Mulder 2005, p. 13.
  8. ^ "Apa yang Dimaksud dengan Islam Nusantara?". Nahdlatul Ulama (in Indonesian). 22 April 2015.
  9. ^ "Deskriptif Statistik Pendidikan Diniyah dan Pondok Pesantren" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-21. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
  10. ^ Jalan-Jalan ke 6 Kota Santri di Indonesia yang Damai dan Religius Archived 2023-03-23 at the Wayback Machine. Pegi pegi. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  11. ^ a b Mencari Kota Santri. Times Indonesia. Retrieved April 2, 2021.

Bibliography

  • Mulder, Niels (2005) [1998]. Mysticism in Java: Ideology in Indonesia. Kanisius.
    ISBN 9789792111675
    .
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