Žilina

Coordinates: 49°13′22″N 18°44′24″E / 49.22278°N 18.74000°E / 49.22278; 18.74000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Žilina (disambiguation).
Žilina
City
Top: Žilina Holy Trinity Cathedral, Mariánske námestie with burgher heritage houses in Mariánske Square, Middle: An inside view of Žilina St.Stephen Church, A heritage of Žilina Town Hall, St.Paul the Apostle and Jesuit Church, Bottom: Budatín Castle, Mirage Commerce Complex Center (all item from left to right)
Top: Žilina Holy Trinity Cathedral, Mariánske námestie with burgher heritage houses in Mariánske Square, Middle: An inside view of Žilina St.Stephen Church, A heritage of Žilina Town Hall, St.Paul the Apostle and Jesuit Church, Bottom: Budatín Castle, Mirage Commerce Complex Center (all item from left to right)
UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
010 01[2]
Area code+421 41[2]
Car plateZA
Websitewww.zilina.sk

Žilina (Slovak:

names in other languages) is a city in north-western Slovakia, around 200 kilometres (120 mi) from the capital Bratislava, close to both the Czech and Polish borders. It is the fourth largest city of Slovakia with a population of approximately 80,000, an important industrial center, the largest city on the Váh river, and the seat of a kraj (Žilina Region) and of an okres (Žilina District). It belongs to the Upper Váh region
of tourism.

Etymology

The name is derived from Slavic/Slovak word žila - a "(river) vein".[4][5] Žilina means "a place with many watercourses". Alternatively, it is a secondary name derived from Žilinka river or from the name of the local people, Žilín/Žiliňane.[4]

History

Panorama of the historic center

The area around today's Žilina was inhabited in the late

Slavs started to move into the area. However, the first written reference to Žilina was in 1208 as terra de Selinan. From the second half of the 10th century until 1918, it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary
.

In the middle of the 13th century, terra Sylna was the property of the

Hussites
.

During the 17th century, Žilina gained position as a center of manufacturing, trade, and education, and, during the Baroque age, many monasteries and churches, as well as the Budatín Castle, were built. In the Revolutions of 1848, Slovak volunteers, part of the Imperial Army, won a battle near the city against Hungarian honveds and gardists.[citation needed]

The city boomed in the second half of the 19th century as new railway tracks were built: the

Kassa Oderberg Railway was finished in 1872 and the railway to Bratislava
(Pozsony in Hungarian) in 1883, and new factories started to spring up, such as the drapery factory Slovena (1891) and the Považie chemical works (1892).

It was one of the first municipalities to sign the Martin Declaration (30 October 1918), and until March 1919, it was the seat of the Slovak government. On 6 October 1938, shortly after the Munich Agreement, the autonomy of Slovakia within Czechoslovakia was declared in Žilina.

During

Czechoslovak and Soviet troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front
, after which it again became part of Czechoslovakia. After the war, the city continued its development with many new factories, schools and housing projects being built. It was the seat of the Žilina Region from 1949 to 1960 and again since 1996.

Today, Žilina is the fourth largest city in Slovakia, the third most important industrial center and the seat of a university, the Žilinská univerzita (founded in 1953). Since 1990 the historical center of the city has been largely restored and the city has built trolleybus lines.

Geography

Žilina lies at an altitude of 342 metres (1,122 ft)

Javorníky and Kysucká vrchovina. Protected areas nearby include the Strážov Mountains Protected Landscape Area, the Kysuce Protected Landscape Area, and the Malá Fatra National Park. There are two hydroelectric dams
on the Váh river around Žilina: the Žilina dam in the east and the Hričov dam in the west.

Climate

Žilina lies in the

north temperate zone and has a continental climate
with four distinct seasons. It is characterized by a significant variation between hot summers and cold, snowy winters. The average temperature in July is 18 °C (64 °F), in January, −4 °C (25 °F). The average annual rainfall is 600–700 mm (23.6–27.6 in); most of the rainfall occurs in June and in the first half of July. Snow cover lasts from 60 to 80 days per year.

Climate data for Žilina
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0
(33) 		3
(38) 		8
(47) 		14
(58) 		20
(68) 		22
(72) 		25
(76) 		25
(77) 		20
(67) 		14
(58) 		6
(44) 		1
(35) 		13
(56)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5
(22) 		−5
(23) 		−1
(30) 		3
(37) 		8
(46) 		10
(51) 		12
(54) 		12
(53) 		9
(47) 		5
(41) 		0
(33) 		−4
(26) 		4
(39)
Average precipitation cm (inches) 2.85
(1.12) 		2.67
(1.05) 		3.10
(1.22) 		4.08
(1.61) 		4.82
(1.90) 		6.99
(2.75) 		6.84
(2.69) 		5.19
(2.04) 		4.74
(1.87) 		4.19
(1.65) 		3.91
(1.54) 		3.42
(1.35) 		52.8
(20.79)
Source: MSN Weather[10]

Symbol

The

methodic
tradition. This is one of the oldest municipal coat of arms, not only in Slovakia, but in Europe. It has been used as the city's symbol since 1378.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
198070,025—    
199183,911+19.8%
200185,400+1.8%
201181,494−4.6%
202182,656+1.4%
Source:[11]
Municipality Urban Metro
Žilina 85,302 85,302
Kysucké Nové Mesto - 16,420
Varín - 3,537
Teplička nad Váhom 3,502 3,502
Belá - 3,361
Rajecké Teplice - 2,950
Rosina 2,925 2,925
Strečno - 2,661
Višňové 2,610 2,610
Divina - 2,483
Dlhé Pole - 2,029
Turie 1,981 1,981
Kamenná Poruba - 1,826
Stráňavy - 1,822
Lietavská Lúčka 1,786 1,786
Rudina - 1,669
Lietavská Svinná - Babkov - 1,596
Lietava 1,422 1,422
Radoľa - 1,391
Konská - 1,393
Dolná Tižiná - 1,243
Gbeľany 1,239 1,239
Krasňany 1,223 1,223
Snežnica - 1,013
Svederník 1,003 1,003
Kunerad - 949
Nededza 927 927
Divinka - 882
Lysica - 864
Lutiše - 795
Podhorie - 781
Horný Hričov - 763
Dolný Hričov 1,506 1,506
Hričovské Podhradie - 374
Hôrky 635 635
Bitarová 630 630
Ovčiarsko 511 511
Brezany 462 462
Mojš 450 450
Porúbka - 447
Rudinka - 384
Nezbudská Lúčka - 366
Total 108,114 159,729

Žilina has a population of 82,664 (as of September 2020), with the population of the urban area of 108,114 and the population of the metro area of 159,729. According to the 2001

Moravians. The religious makeup was 74.9% Roman Catholics, 16.7% people with no religious affiliation, and 3.7% Lutherans.[9]

Economy

Žilina is the main industrial hub of the upper Váh river basin region, with a fast-growing economy as north-west Slovakia's business center with large retail and construction sectors.

By far the biggest and most important employer is Korean car maker

Kia Motors. By 2009, the plant produced 300,000 cars a year and had up to 3,000 employees. Kia Motors' direct investment in the Žilina car plant amounts to over 1.5 billion USD. In 2009 the Žilina car plant produced Kia Cee'd, Kia Sportage and Hyundai ix35 car models. Kia Motors is further upgrading its capacity to be ready to produce engines for a sister company, Hyundai, located at Nošovice in the Czech Republic
with a planned investment of US$200 million.

Žilina is also the seat of the biggest Slovak construction and transportation engineering company, Vahostav. The chemical industry is represented by Považské chemické závody and Tento, a paper mill company. Siemens Mobility also has an engineering center in Žilina.[12]

Main sights

Mariánske námestie with burgher houses
Budatín Castle
Frescoes inside the church of St Stephen the King

The historical center of the city, reconstructed in the early 1990s is protected as a city monument reserve (

Church of the Holy Trinity, a sacral building built around 1400, which is since February 2008 the cathedral of the Diocese of Žilina
.

The Church of Saint Stephen the King (Slovak: Kostol Sv. Štefana kráľa) is the oldest architectural relic of town Zilina,[14] located just 1 kilometre (0.6 miles) southwest from the center. It is one of the first Romanesque churches in Slovakia,[15] dating back to the years 1200–1250, by the experts. The legend goes that the Hungarian King István I himself ordered to build it. Valuable is the inner decoration of the church. Wall paintings originate from approximately 1260; in 1950 they were discovered and later on restored by the Žilina fine artist Mojmír Vlkoláček.[16] Nowadays it is a popular place for wedding ceremonies.

Other landmarks around the city include:

  • Budatín Castle, housing Považie Museum with its tinker trade exhibition
  • The wooden Roman Catholic church of St. George in the Trnové section (one of the few outside north-eastern Slovakia)
  • The Orthodox synagogue, which now houses the Museum of Jewish culture
  • The
    New Synagogue
    , now a cultural centre

The city is a starting point for various locations of western and eastern Slovakia, including hiking trails into the

Greater Fatra mountains. Other locations of interest include Bojnice Castle, Strečno, Orava region, and the villages of Čičmany and Vlkolínec
.

Culture

Žilina is candidate city for the title of European Capital of Culture 2026.

Žilina host several cultural institutions:

open-air museum Čičmany, manor-house in Divinka

Žilina is also home of two multi 3D digital theaters, in Mirage Shopping Centre - Ster Century Cinemas and Cinemax MAX in Max Shopping Centre OC Max Solinky.

The city host also several cultural events:

  • Žilina Cultural Summer
  • Fest Anca - Animated film festival
  • Žilina Literary festival
  • KIOSK – festival of new Slovak theater
  • Allegretto Žilina – International music Festival
  • Puppet Žilina
  • Jánošik's Days

Sport

Štadión pod Dubňom

Football (soccer) club

2010-11 UEFA Champions League in the group stage
for the first time in their history.

Ice hockey club

MsHK Žilina plays in the Slovak Extraliga
. They have won one domestic title so far.

Slovak professional road bicycle racer for World Tour team

Bora-Hansgrohe, three-time world champion Peter Sagan, was born in Žilina in 1990, and is considered one of cycling's most promising young talents, having earned many prestigious victories in his early twenties. He was the winner of the points classification in the Tour de France in 2012 through 2016; as a result, Sagan became the first rider to win the classification in his first five attempts. In 2015, he was also the first Slovak cyclist to win the UCI Road World Championships
.

Government

Žilina City Council
View over Žilina

The city is governed by a

city council (Slovak: mestské zastupiteľstvo). The mayor is the head of the city and its chief executive, with a four-year term of office. The current mayor is Peter Fiabáne . The council is the city's legislative body, with 31 councillors. The last municipal election was held in 2014 and councillors are elected to four-year terms, concurrent with the mayor's. Žilina is divided into eight electoral districts, consisting of the following neighborhoods:[17]

Žilina is the capital of one of eight considerably autonomous Regions of Slovakia.[18] It is also the capital of a smaller district. The Žilina District (Slovak: okres Žilina) is nested within the Žilina Region.

The city also hosts a regional branch of the National Bank of Slovakia.

Education

former building of Žilina University - Faculty of Nature Science
Saints Cyril and Methodius
, with Holy Trinity Church in the background

The city is home to the University of Žilina, which has seven faculties and 12,402 students, including 625 doctoral students.[19]

There are 18 public

high schools with 3,696 students,[22] and nine vocational schools with 4,870 students.[23][24]

Transport

The city is an important international road junction, and Žilina railway station is a major rail junction.

Roads and railways connect the city with

motorways
and their feeders continues towards Žilina.

The city is also served by international Žilina Airport, which is about 10 kilometres (6 miles) away from the city center.

Public transport within the city is operated by DPMZ[25] and consists of buses (since 1949) and trolleybuses (since 1994).

Night bus services started in Žilina in 1970 with the introduction of one route, the 50,[26] which continues to operate as the sole night bus in the city, operating from 22:55 to 04:22.[27][28] Route 50 makes a circuitous route of all major residential areas, and includes a stop at Železničná stanica, the principal railway station.[29]

  • Trolleybus transport
    Trolleybus transport
  • Aerial view of Žilina
    Aerial view of Žilina

Notable people

Ladislav Hecht

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovakia

Žilina is twinned with:[30]

References

  1. ^ Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (www.statistics.sk). "Hustota obyvateľstva - obce". www.statistics.sk. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  2. ^ a b c d "Základná charakteristika". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2015-04-17. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
  3. ^ Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (www.statistics.sk). "Počet obyvateľov podľa pohlavia - obce (ročne)". www.statistics.sk. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-80-89396-11-5. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
  5. ^ Krško, Jaromír (2011). Hydronymia horného povodia Váhu [Hydronymy of the Upper Váh Basin] (in Slovak). Banská Bystrica: Univerzita Mateja Bela. p. 125.
  6. ^ Monumenta Hungariae historica
  7. ISBN 978-0-312-16125-5
    .
  8. ISBN 978-80-8060-206-2
    .
  9. ^ a b "Municipal Statistics". Statistical Office of the Slovak republic. Archived from the original on 2007-12-17. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
  10. ^ "Monthly Averages for Žilina, Slovakia". MSN. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2008.
  11. ^ "SLOVAKIA: Regions and Major Cities". Citypopulation. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  12. ^ "Railway Gazette: Rail Automation Business Unit opens". Retrieved 2010-10-31.
  13. ^ Spectacular Slovakia 2004: Žilina and Northern Slovakia, the Malá Fatra mountains
  14. ^ "Tourist information office Žilina". Tikzilina.eu. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
  15. ^ "What to see in Zilina". Slovakiatravels.com. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
  16. ^ "Church of St. Stephen the King / Kostol Sv. Štefana krála (Zilina, Slovakia) - Medieval Churches on". Waymarking.com. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
  17. ^ "Členovia Mestského zastupiteľstva" (in Slovak). Archived from the original on 2009-07-24. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
  18. doi:10.1111/1468-0491.00200
    .
  19. ^ "Žilinská univerzita" (PDF) (in Slovak). Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-05-08. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  20. ^ a b "Prehľad základných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007" (PDF) (in Slovak). Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  21. ^ "Prehľad gymnázií v školskom roku 2006/2007" (PDF) (in Slovak). Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva. Retrieved 2008-02-15.[permanent dead link]
  22. ^ "Prehľad stredných odborných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007" (PDF) (in Slovak). Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva. Retrieved 2008-02-15.[permanent dead link]
  23. ^ "Prehľad združených stredných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007" (PDF) (in Slovak). Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  24. ^ "Prehľad stredných odborných učilíšť a učilíšť v školskom roku 2006/2007" (PDF) (in Slovak). Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  25. ^ DPMZ
  26. ^ Mihalik, Tomáš (2021-01-08). "Topic: Nightlines / Téma: Nočné linky". imhd.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 2022-05-21.
  27. ^ Juraj, Milo (2012-12-11). "The nightline will be free on New Year's Eve / Nočná linka bude počas Silvestra zadarmo". myzilina.sme.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 2022-05-21.
  28. ^ "50. Timetable / Cestovný". dpmz.sk. Retrieved 2022-05-21.
  29. ^ "Municipal Bus Lines Network / Sieť liniek MHD Žilina (Effective 2021-04-01)" (PDF). dpmz.sk. 2021-04-01. Retrieved 2022-05-21.
  30. ^ "Partnerské mestá" (in Slovak). Žilina. Retrieved 2021-12-29.

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Žilina.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Žilina.
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