Krasnoyarsk

Coordinates: 56°00′32″N 92°52′19″E / 56.00889°N 92.87194°E / 56.00889; 92.87194
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Krasnoyarsk (disambiguation).
Krasnoyarsk
Красноярск
City[1]
Top to bottom, left to right: Krasnoyarsk along the Yenisey River, Krasnoyarsk at dusk, Krasnoyarsk railway station, Annunciation Cathedral, Krasnoyarsk Krai government building
Coat of arms
Location of Krasnoyarsk
Map
UTC+7 (MSK+4 Edit this on Wikidata[9])
Postal code(s)[10]
660000, 660001, 660003–660005, 660006, 660009–660023, 660025, 660027, 660028, 660030–660032, 660036, 660037, 660041–660043, 660046–660050, 660052, 660054–660056, 660058–660062, 660064, 660067–660069, 660071, 660073–660075, 660077–660079, 660091–660095, 660097–660100, 660113, 660115, 660118, 660119, 660121–660127, 660130–660133, 660135, 660136, 660880, 660890, 660899, 660911–660946, 660960–660966, 660970, 660999, 901175, 901177, 901179, 901181, 993600
Dialing code(s)+7 391[11]
OKTMO ID04701000001
City DaySecond Sunday of June[12]
Websitewww.admkrsk.ru

Krasnoyarsk

administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is situated along the Yenisey River, and is the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk, with a population of over 1.1 million.[19] Krasnoyarsk is an important junction of the renowned Trans-Siberian Railway, and is one of the largest producers of aluminium in the country. The city is known for its natural landscape; author Anton Chekhov judged Krasnoyarsk to be the most beautiful city in Siberia.[20] The Stolby Nature Sanctuary is located 10 km south of the city. Krasnoyarsk is a major educational centre in Siberia, and hosts the Siberian Federal University. In 2019, Krasnoyarsk was the host city of the 2019 Winter Universiade
, the third hosted in Russia.

Etymology

The fort was named Krasny Yar (Russian: Кра́сный Яр) after the Yarin (a dialect of Khakas) name of the place it was built, Kyzyl Char ('red steep-riverbank'),[21] which was translated as Krasny Yar.

History

Monument to the Czecho-Slovak Legion in the Trinity Cemetery

The city was founded on August 19, 1628

Cossacks
reported:

...The town of trunks (log buildings) we have constructed and around the place of fort, we the servants of thee, our Lord, have embedded posts and fastened them with double bindings and the place of fort have strengthened mightily...

The settlement was granted town status in 1690.[22] An intensive growth of Krasnoyarsk began with the arrival of the Siberian Route (the road M53 nowadays) in 1735 to 1741 which connected the nearby towns of Achinsk and Kansk with Krasnoyarsk and with the rest of Russia.

In 1749, a meteorite with a mass of about 700 kg (1,500 lb) was found 230 km (140 mi) south of Krasnoyarsk. It was excavated by Peter Simon Pallas in 1772 and transported to Krasnoyarsk and subsequently to Saint Petersburg. The Krasnoyarsk meteorite is important because it was the first pallasite ever studied and the first meteorite ever etched.

In 1822 Krasnoyarsk became the administrative center of

railroad
in 1895.

In the Russian Empire, Krasnoyarsk was one of the places to which political exiles were banished. For example, eight Decembrists were deported from St. Petersburg to Krasnoyarsk after the failure of the revolt.

Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric dam

In the aftermath of the

Russian Revolution of 1917, during the Russian Civil War, Siberia east of Omsk was controlled by white forces under Alexander Kolchak, who in December 1919 retreated east to Irkutsk and the Bolsheviks took control of the city. On a plateau 7 km outside of town was a prisoner of war camp with 13,000 German and Austrian troops. Elsa Brändström of the Swedish Red Cross spent almost a year there from July 1919 until May 1920.[23]

During the periods of centralized planning (

hydroelectric power station (now the fifth largest in the world and the second in Russia), and the river port
.

In 1934, Krasnoyarsk Krai was formed, with Krasnoyarsk as its administrative center.

During Stalinist times, Krasnoyarsk was a major center of the gulag system. The most important labor camp was the Kraslag or Krasnoyarsky ITL (1938-c. 1960) with the two units located in Kansk and Reshyoty. In the city of Krasnoyarsk itself, the Yeniseylag or Yeniseysky ITL labor camp was prominent as well during World War II (c. 1940–41).

During World War II, dozens of factories were evacuated from Ukraine and Western Russia to Krasnoyarsk and nearby towns, stimulating the industrial growth of the city. After the war additional large plants were constructed: the aluminum plant, the metallurgic plant, the plant of base metals and many others.

In the late 1970s, the Soviet Union began constructing a phased array radar station at Abalakova, near Krasnoyarsk, which violated the ABM Treaty. Beginning in 1983, the United States demanded its removal, until the Soviet Union admitted the radar station was a violation in 1989. Equipment was slowly removed from the site and by 1992 it was officially declared to be dismantled, though the equipment from the site was likely relocated to a new site near Komsomolsk-on-Amur.[citation needed] Krasnoyarsk was also a home to Krasnoyarsk Northeast air base, which was turned into living blocks after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and beginning of privatization, many large plants and factories, such as the Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant, became owned by alleged criminal authorities and oligarchs, while others were declared bankrupt. The economic transition resulted in a dramatic rise in unemployment and numerous strikes.

The best known financial scandal of the second half of the 1990s happened when ownership of the

Anatoliy Bykov had been canceled after he was accused of murdering his partner, Vilor Struganov. The accusation eventually turned out to be false.[24] The Krasnoyarsk plant's ownership problems continue through the early 21st century since nearly all of them are owned either by monopolistic financial groups or by oligarchs.[citation needed
]

Since the election of Pyotr Pimashkov as the mayor of Krasnoyarsk in 1996, the appearance of the city gradually improved: the old historical buildings were restored, the asphalt walkways were replaced with paving-stone, and numerous squares and recreation areas with fountains were either restored or constructed from scratch. Now the majority of the city keeps only a few traces of its former, drab, post-collapse look.[citation needed]

Geography

Aerial view of Krasnoyarsk
Church in Krasnoyarsk, 1895
The panorama of Krasnoyarsk from the Karaulnaya Gora hill, 1910

The total area of the city, including suburbs and the river, is 348 km2 (134 sq mi).[5]

The river

Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric dam 32 km (20 mi) upstream, the Yenisei never freezes in winter and never[citation needed] exceeds +14 °C (57 °F) in summer through the city. Near the city center, its elevation is 136 m (446 ft) above sea level. There are several islands in the river, the largest of which are Tatyshev and Otdyha
Isles, used mainly for recreation.

To the south and west, Krasnoyarsk is surrounded by forested mountains averaging 410 m (1,350 ft) in height above river level. The most prominent of them are Nikolayevskaya Sopka (notable for its

Stolby Nature Reserve rise from the mountains of the southern bank of the Yenisei, the western hills from the Gremyachaya Griva crest extending westwards up to the Sobakina River
, the north is generally plain, except for the Drokinskaya Sopka hill, with forests to the northwest and agricultural fields to the north and east.

The major rivers in and near Krasnoyarsk are the

Kacha Rivers
, the latter flowing throughout the historical center of the city. Due to the nature of the terrain, a few natural lakes exist in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk.

The forests close to the city are mostly

Siberian pine replaces other wood in the mountains westward of the Karaulnaya River, in about 15 km (9.3 mi) to the west from the city, the forests to the south are mostly pine, fir and aspen.[26]

Administrative and municipal status

Krasnoyarsk is the

municipal division, the krai city of Krasnoyarsk is incorporated as Krasnoyarsk Urban Okrug.[8]

City divisions

For administrative purposes, Krasnoyarsk is divided into seven city districts:

Coat of arms

The Krasno­yarsk Lion

The first version was approved on March 12, 1804. The coat of arms was divided horizontally into two parts, the upper part containing the coat of arms of Tomsk Governorate, and the lower part picturing the Krasny Yar cliff on a silver background. A revised coat of arms, approved on November 23, 1851, had the golden figure of a lion placed on a red heraldic shield with a spade in the right fore paw and a sickle in the left fore paw, both made of the same metal. The shield was topped with the golden crown of the Russian Empire. The current coat of arms (as depicted here) was approved on November 28, 2004. It contains the same red shield as in 1851 but with a slightly changed figure of the lion in the officially approved image. The shield is topped with a form of the mural crown, which is the golden five-tower coronet of rank of a federal subject administrative center.[27][28][29]

Climate

Krasnoyarsk experiences a

continentality
. Krasnoyarsk has high differentials between summer and winter temperatures.

Climate data for Krasnoyarsk (1991–2020, extremes 1891–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 6.0
(42.8) 		8.5
(47.3) 		18.5
(65.3) 		31.4
(88.5) 		34.0
(93.2) 		35.0
(95.0) 		36.4
(97.5) 		35.1
(95.2) 		31.3
(88.3) 		24.5
(76.1) 		13.6
(56.5) 		8.6
(47.5) 		36.4
(97.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −11.6
(11.1) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		0.7
(33.3) 		9.3
(48.7) 		17.1
(62.8) 		23.5
(74.3) 		25.2
(77.4) 		22.2
(72.0) 		14.6
(58.3) 		6.7
(44.1) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		7.3
(45.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −15.6
(3.9) 		−12.3
(9.9) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		3.4
(38.1) 		10.4
(50.7) 		16.9
(62.4) 		19.1
(66.4) 		16.1
(61.0) 		9.1
(48.4) 		2.3
(36.1) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		−13.2
(8.2) 		2.0
(35.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −19.2
(−2.6) 		−16.3
(2.7) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		4.7
(40.5) 		11.1
(52.0) 		13.7
(56.7) 		11.2
(52.2) 		5.0
(41.0) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		−10.7
(12.7) 		−16.9
(1.6) 		−2.5
(27.5)
Record low °C (°F) −52.8
(−63.0) 		−41.6
(−42.9) 		−38.7
(−37.7) 		−25.7
(−14.3) 		−11.2
(11.8) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		3.3
(37.9) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		−9.6
(14.7) 		−25.1
(−13.2) 		−42.3
(−44.1) 		−47.0
(−52.6) 		−52.8
(−63.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 17
(0.7) 		15
(0.6) 		19
(0.7) 		29
(1.1) 		48
(1.9) 		66
(2.6) 		70
(2.8) 		76
(3.0) 		55
(2.2) 		42
(1.7) 		39
(1.5) 		31
(1.2) 		507
(20.0)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 16
(6.3) 		16
(6.3) 		13
(5.1) 		3
(1.2) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		2
(0.8) 		7
(2.8) 		14
(5.5) 		16
(6.3)
Average rainy days 0.3 0.4 2 9 17 19 18 18 19 13 4 0.3 120
Average snowy days 24 21 17 14 4 0.1 0 0.03 2 14 23 25 144
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		73 70 64 58 54 64 72 76 75 71 74 73 69
Mean monthly sunshine hours 63 100 171 216 251 280 281 237 160 111 58 41 1,969
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[30]
Source 2: NOAA (sun only 1961–1990)[31]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1897 26,700—    
1926 69,311+159.6%
1939 189,977+174.1%
1959 412,375+117.1%
1970 648,113+57.2%
1979 796,305+22.9%
1989 912,445+14.6%
2002 909,341−0.3%
2010 973,826+7.1%
2021 1,187,771+22.0%
Source: Census data
Population chart (1855–2012)

Population count by districts (2010 Census):[32]

  • Kirovsky: 114,715
  • Leninsky: 145,530
  • Oktyabrsky: 153,112
  • Sovetsky: 281,284
  • Sverdlovsky: 130,596
  • Tsentralny: 55,060
  • Zheleznodorozhny: 93,529

The population of Krasnoyarsk includes a number of peoples, the most numerous are

Tajiks, Kyrgyz and other Central Asian and Caucasian peoples, whose number has grown extensively because of the vast, often illegal immigration
in search for work. Another populous
Kitai-gorod on Strelka
.

As of the

2021 Census, the ethnic composition of Krasnoyarsk was:[33]

Ethnic group Population Percentage
Russians 948,949 94.2%
Tajiks 9,057 0.9%
Kyrgyz 8,954 0.9%
Uzbeks 5,577 0.6%
Tatars 4,855 0.5%
Armenians 4,727 0.5%
Azerbaijanis 4,452 0.4%
Other 20,575 2.0%

Architecture

The Intercession church in Krasnoyarsk
Stalinist architecture in Krasnoyarsk

There are a number of historical buildings in Krasnoyarsk, the oldest of them being the Intercession Cathedral (Russian: Покровский собор, 1785 to 1795, restored in 1977 to 1978). Other locally significant samples of Russian Orthodox architecture are the Annunciation Cathedral (Russian: Благовещенский собор, 1802–12), the Holy Trinity Cathedral (Russian: Свято-Троицкий собор, 1802–12), John the Baptist Church (Russian: Церковь Иоанна Предтечи, 1899, former episcopal residence), and the new Michael the Archangel Church (Russian: Церковь Архистратига Михаила, 1998 to 2003).

On the top of the Karaulnaya Hill, originally a pagan shrine, later occupied by the Krasnoyarsk fort watchtower, the

Perestroyka came was it regained by the Yenisei bishopric
.

Shopping center "Optima"

Another unofficial symbol of Krasnoyarsk is the incomplete 24-story tower located at

Perestroyka
and then frozen due to the administrative crisis. The outline of the tower is clearly seen from many places in the city.

A

ICOMOS "an early representation of a typical parabolic polygonal truss bridge in Russia" which became "a testing ground for the application of engineering theories and the development of new innovative solutions, which had numerous successors".[35] The bridge was dismantled between 2002-2007.[36][37]

Among other notable buildings are the mansions of the merchant Nikolay Gadalov (beginning of the 20th century), the Roman Catholic Transfiguration Chapel (Russian: Преображенский собор, 1911, also known as the Krasnoyarsk Organ Hall), the Krasnoyarsk Krai Museum stylized as an Ancient Egyptian temple, the Krasnoyarsk Cultural/Historical Center and the triumphal arch at the Spit (2003), the regional administration building flanked with two towers known as the "Donkey Ears".

There are a number of two-story wooden houses in the city built mostly in the middle of the 20th century as temporary habitations. Many urbanized villages located inside the city keep the remnants of the traditional Russian village architecture: wooden houses with backyards, many somewhat dilapidated now but still inhabited.

View of Strelka district from Tatyshev island



Culture

There are a number of local holidays celebrated annually in Krasnoyarsk. The most significant holiday is the Day of the City celebrated in June, usually with a

Stolby national reserve, and the Bikers
' Rally.

Krasnoyarsk has a number of local

telecommunications, many districts of the city have LAN-based broadband Internet
access.

The city is also home to the Krasnoyarsk Children's Choir, a world-renowned choir that tours in many countries as The Little Eagles of Siberia.

Education and science

Next to

high schools. The most notable higher education
institutes are:

Like

Bios Experiment"). Sukachev Institute of Forest
, founded in 1944 at Moscow and relocated to Krasnoyarsk in 1959. There are several museums in Krasnoyarsk. One is the Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum, containing historical items and exhibits of the region, including ancient history, native Siberians, and woolly rhinos.

The Krasnoyarsk zoo is also a major attraction for residents and tourists.

Transportation

Tram in Krasnoyarsk

Metro

An underground system (three lines) has been in planning and construction phases in Krasnoyarsk for decades. Subway construction was terminated in 2008.

Map of trolleybus routes

Public Transportation

The transit system is dominated by buses, but there also are several trolleybus and tram routes.

Krasnoyarsk rail station

Railway

Krasnoyarsk Riverport.

Krasnoyarsk lies on the Yenisei River and historically has been an important junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Krasnoyarsk-Passazhirsky (Russian: Красноярск-Пассажирский, lit. Krasnoyarsk-Passenger) is the main railway station of Krasnoyarsk. Long-range trains of the Trans-Siberian Railway stop at this station. There are some stations served by Elektrichka and there is Krasnoyarsk-East goods station 26.3 km east of Krasnoyarsk-Passazhirsky.

Airports

Krasnoyarsk was served by two airports: Yemelyanovo Airport is the main airport and handles both medium and long-haul domestic as well as international flights, and is 27 km (17 mi) northwest of the city.[38] The secondary Cheremshanka Airport handled short-haul flights. Cheremshanka has lost its eminent role as the main base airport for an extensive network of local air services (MVL) in Krasnoyarsk Krai formerly served by the local Aeroflot Krasnoyarsk Directorate. In December 2011 a fire broke out at the Cheremshanka airport which destroyed the terminal building and the air traffic control tower.[39]

Tourism

The most popular place of attraction for tourists visiting Krasnoyarsk is the huge national nature reserve Stolby ("pillars"), which covers an area of 470 km2 (180 sq mi) with numerous giant

belaying equipment and call their extreme sport
stolbizm, known elsewhere as solo climbing.

Other popular showplaces include the

Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power Station dam, the Karaulnaya Gora hill with the Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Chapel
, museums, theaters, etc.

Sports

Krasnoyarsk is a center of Siberian sports. Areas, where Krasnoyarsk excels compared to other Russian cities, include rugby union, bandy, and freestyle wrestling.

Yenisey was the Soviet bandy champions every year in the 1980s as well as in 1991. The first Russian title came in 2001. In 2014 they became champions of the Bandy Super League and had the highest average attendance, 5 747.[40] In 2015 the league title was won again as well as in 2016.[41][42] At the 2019 Winter Universiade, bandy will feature as a demonstration sport for the first time and tournaments for both men and women will be held.[43][needs update] An indoor stadium will be built for the occasion.[44][45][needs update] It is planned to be ready for use by the end of 2018.[46][needs update] The complexity of the construction is considered unique.[47]

The city is considered a stronghold of

European Rugby Challenge Cup, the second-tier pan-European club competition. Matches take precedence in the local media, and the city derby match can attract crowds of about 3000–5000. Many players of the Russian national rugby team hail from the area. Some of Russia's international rugby matches are played at the Central Stadium
.

Club Sport Founded Current League League
Rank		 Stadium
Yenisey Krasnoyarsk Football 1937 Russian Premier League 2nd Central Stadium
Sokol Krasnoyarsk
Ice Hockey
 1977
Higher Hockey League
 2nd Arena Sever
Yenisey Krasnoyarsk
 Bandy 1934 Bandy Super League 1st Yenisey Stadium
BC Enisey Basketball 1993 VTB United League 1st Arena Sever
Krasny Yar
Rugby Union
 1969
Professional Rugby League
 1st Krasny Yar Stadium
Enisey-STM
Rugby Union
 1975
Professional Rugby League
 1st Avangard Stadium
Yenisey Krasnoyarsk Volleyball 1992 Women's Volleyball Super League 1st Dvorkin Sports House
Yenisey Krasnoyarsk Volleyball 1993 Volleyball Supreme League A 2nd Dvorkin Sports House

Former Carolina Hurricanes left winger Alexander Semin is from Krasnoyarsk.

Host of the international wrestling tournament named after Ivan Yarygin.

Sport events

Opening Ceremony of the 2019 Winter Universiade

The 2019 Winter Universiade was hosted by Krasnoyarsk in 2019.

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Krasnoyarsk
Monument to Viktor Astafyev
Monument to Vasily Surikov

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Krasnoyarsk is twinned with:[48]

Cooperation agreements

Krasnoyarsk has cooperation agreements with:

See also

Notes

  1. ^ /ˌkræsnəˈjɑːrsk, ˌkrɑːs-/ KRA(H)SS-nə-YARSK;[15][16][17][18] Russian: Красноя́рск, IPA: [krəsnɐˈjarsk] ⓘ

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Law #10-4765
  2. ^ a b c d Charter of Krasnoyarsk
  3. ^ "Основание Красноярска". www.krinfo.ru (in Russian).
  4. ^ TVK Sergey Yeryomin appointed head of Krasnoyarsk Archived October 26, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b Poexaly.ru. Krasnoyarsk Tourist Portal. Krasnoyarsk Archived October 5, 2020, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  6. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  7. ^ a b Law #10-4763
  8. ^ a b c Law #13-3148
  9. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  10. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  11. ^ "Телефонные коды Красноярский край". Ruspostindex.ru. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
  12. ^ Calend.ru. Krasnoyarsk (in Russian)
  13. ^ Предварительная оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2017 года и в среднем за 2016 год по городским округам и муниципальным районам Красноярского края
  14. ^ "Tab-5_VPN-2020.XLSX - Яндекс.Документы". docs.yandex.ru.
  15. ISBN 978-0-521-15253-2
    .
  16. ^ "Krasnoyarsk". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  17. ^ "Krasnoyarsk". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020.
  18. ^ "Krasnoyarsk". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  19. Federal State Statistics Service
    .
  20. ^ Anton Chekhov, "The Crooked Mirror" and Other Stories, Zebra Book, 1995. See page 200 for English translation of his journey through Siberia.
  21. ^ Бутанаев В. Я. "Топонимический словарь Хакасско-Минусинского края". Абакан, 1995.
  22. ^ a b "Народная энциклопедия "Мой город". Красноярск (Красноярский край)". www.mojgorod.ru.
  23. ^ Elsa Björkman-Goldschmidt, Elsa Brändström (1969), pp. 174–187.
  24. ^ Latynina, Yulia, "Today, Let's Go Inside the Other Russia", Moscow Times, 21 February 2001
  25. ^ "Атлас достопримечательностей". Krskstate.ru. Archived from the original on February 3, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
  26. ^ Окрестности Красноярска. Карта. ФГУП Госцентр "Природа", 2003 г.
  27. ^ Герб города Красноярска (Krasnoyarsk City website) (in Russian)
  28. ^ "Красноярск, администрация города - Красноярск". Archived from the original on March 18, 2005.
  29. ^ Решение Красноярского городского Совета депутатов от 26 мая 2010 года No. В-169 (Decision of the Krasnoyarsk City Council of Deputies 26 May 2010) (in Russian)
  30. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net (Weather and Climate – The Climate of Krasnoyarsk)" (in Russian). Weather and Climate. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  31. ^ "Krasnojarsk (Krasnoyarsk) Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  32. Federal State Statistics Service
    .
  33. ^ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
  34. ^ "Decision: 27 COM 8C.47 - The First Railway Bridge over the Yenisei River (Russian Federation)". World Heritage Centre. UNESCO. 2003. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  35. ^ International Council on Monuments and Sites (June 16, 2003). "Evaluations of Cultural Properties - World Heritage Committee 27th Ordinary Session" (PDF). UNESCO. p. 13.
  36. ^ Muzhschinsky, Andrey (May 21, 2018). "Мосты Красноярска. История покорения Енисея". Gor Novosti (in Russian). ... the dismantling of the Tsar's bridge began in 2002. On August 7, 2007, the dismantled object was handed over for scrap
  37. ^ "В Красноярске уникальный старинный Царский мост пошёл на металлолом". Tayga.info (in Russian). April 7, 2007.
  38. ^ Yemelyanovo International Airport – About/General Information
  39. ^ "Tower and terminal of Krasnojarsk Cheremshanka Airport burned down". The Aviation Herald.
  40. ^ "ABC of the golden season". redyarsk.ru. April 10, 2014. Retrieved March 14, 2022 – via Google Translate.
  41. ^ "FHMR congratulates the Krasnoyarsk "Yenisei"". rusbandy.ru. March 26, 2016 – via Google Translate.
  42. ^ https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_Y0lhvnE7pU/hqdefault.jpg [bare URL image file]
  43. ^ Sports Archived December 14, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  44. ^ "К Универсиаде в Красноярске появится крытый стадион для хоккея с мячом / Новости спорта Красноярска и Красноярского края / Newslab.Ru". Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  45. ^ "Google Translate". Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
  46. ^ "Есть вторая арка! - Архив новостей - Федерация хоккея с мячом России". Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  47. ^ "Делегация FIB и ФХМР посетила арену в Красноярске - Архив новостей - Федерация хоккея с мячом России". Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  48. ^ "Контакты с иностранными городами и организациями". admkrsk.ru (in Russian). Krasnoyarsk. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
  49. ^ "Krasnoyarsk signed a memorandum of cooperation with the city of Kokshetau of the Republic of Kazakhstan". Krasnoyarsk - City Administration. August 25, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.

Sources

  • Законодательное собрание Красноярского края. Закон №10-4765 от 10 июня 2010 г. «О перечне административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Красноярского края», в ред. Закона №7-3007 от 16 декабря 2014 г. «Об изменении административно-территориального устройства Большеулуйского района и о внесении изменений в Закон края "О перечне административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Красноярского края"». Вступил в силу 1 июля 2010 г. Опубликован: "Ведомости высших органов государственной власти Красноярского края", №33(404), 5 июля 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Law #10-4765 of June 10, 2010 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Territorial Units of Krasnoyarsk Krai, as amended by the Law #7-3007 of December 16, 2014 On Changing the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Bolsheuluysky District and on Amending the Krai Law "On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Territorial Units of Krasnoyarsk Krai". Effective as of July 1, 2010.).
  • Законодательное собрание Красноярского края. Закон №10-4763 от 10 июня 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Красноярского края», в ред. Закона №8-3263 от 19 марта 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон края "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Красноярского края"». Вступил в силу на следующий день после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости высших органов государственной власти Красноярского края", №31(402), 28 июня 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Law #10-4763 of June 10, 2010 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Krasnoyarsk Krai, as amended by the Law #8-3263 of March 19, 2015 On Amending the Krai Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Krasnoyarsk Krai". Effective as of the day following the official publication.).
  • Законодательное собрание Красноярского края. Закон №13-3148 от 25 февраля 2005 г. «О наделении муниципального образования город Красноярск статусом городского округа». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости высших органов государственной власти Красноярского края", №13, 4 апреля 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Law #13-3148 of February 25, 2005 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the City of Krasnoyarsk. Effective as of the day ten days after the official publication.).
  • Красноярский городской Совет. Решение №В-62 от 24 декабря 1997 г. «Устав города Красноярска», в ред. Решения №6-90 от 16 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав города Красноярска». Вступил в силу в соответствии со статьёй 86. Опубликован: "Городские новости", №4, 16 января 2008 г. (Krasnoyarsk City Council. Decision #V-62 of December 24, 1997 Charter of the City of Krasnoyarsk, as amended by the Decision #6-90 of December 16, 2014 On Amending the Charter of the City of Krasnoyarsk. Effective as of the date determined in accordance with the provisions set forth in Article 86.).

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Krasnoyarsk.

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