1795 in Great Britain
.svg){kind=small} 1795 in Great Britain: |
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Events from the year 1795 in Great Britain.
Incumbents
- George III
- Prime Minister – William Pitt the Younger (Tory)[1]
- Foreign Secretary – Lord Grenville
Events
- January – the coldest month ever in the Central England temperature series with an average of −3.1 °C or 26.4 °F.[2]
- 18 January – William V, Prince of Orange, flees the Dutch Republic for exile at Kew.
- 10 to 12 February – great floods on the Rivers Severn and Wye result from ice breakup, snowmelt and heavy rainfall; many bridges damaged.[3][4]
- March
- Approximate date of start of "Revolt of the housewives", a series of food riots across England.
- Quota Acts oblige magistrates to find a specified quota of men to serve in the Royal Navy.[5]
- English Saint Mary's Abbey, Colwich.
- 13–14 March – Battle of Genoa: the British and Neapolitan fleets are victorious over the French.
- April – the Prince Frederick, Duke of York.[6]
- 8 April – marriage of George, Prince of Wales, to his cousin Caroline of Brunswick at St James's Palaceon the promise of being relieved of his debts; the couple separate after a year.
- 23 April – former Governor-General of India Warren Hastings acquitted by the House of Lords of misconduct.[7]
- 28 April – Vagrant Act provides for magistrates to enrol vagrants and smugglers into the Royal Navy as an alternative to judicial punishment.[5]
- 5 May – a tax on hair-powder under the Duty on Hair Powder Act 1795 comes into effect, helping to end the fashion for powdering hair and wigs.[8]
- 6 May – introduction of Speenhamland system of outdoor relief for the poor (originally by magistrates meeting at the Pelican Inn, Speenhamland, Berkshire).[9]
- 16–17 June – French Revolutionary Wars: Cornwallis's Retreat – a British Royal Navy battle squadron commanded by William Cornwallis fends off a numerically superior French Navy fleet off the coast of Brittany.
- July to September – a Newcomen atmospheric engine begins pumping at Elsecar New Colliery in the South Yorkshire Coalfield;[10] 220 years later it will be the only operable example on its original site.
- 25 August – British forces capture Trincomalee in Ceylon.[8]
- September and October
- Riots over shortages of bread in many towns across Britain.[8]
- Only 12.9 millimetres or 0.51 inches of rain fall in September but as much as 173.2 millimetres or 6.82 inches in October, creating the largest month-to-month rise in the England and Wales Precipitation series.[11]
- 16 September – British forces capture Cape Town from the Netherlands.[8]
- 22 September – London Missionary Society inaugurated.[8]
- 28 September – the Alliance of St Petersburg formed between Britain, Russia and Austria against France.[7]
- 2 October – British forces capture
- 29 October – King George pelted with stones by an angry mob as bread riots continue.[8]
- November – Parliament passes the Treasonable Practices Act and the Seditious Meetings Act prohibiting assemblies of more than fifty people.[7]
- 13 December – a meteorite falls at the hamlet of Wold Newton, East Riding of Yorkshire.
Ongoing
- First Coalition
Publications
- Richard Cumberland's novel Henry.
- monotypes Nebuchadnezzar, Newton,[12] The Night of Enitharmon's Joy and Pity; and his self-illustrated prophetic poem The Book of Ahania.
- Joseph Ritson's edition Robin Hood: a collection of all the ancient poems, songs and ballads now extant, relative to that celebrated outlaw.
Births
- 5 April – Henry Havelock, general (died 1857)
- 25 May – George Meikle Kemp, architect (died 1844)
- 26 May – Thomas Noon Talfourd, judge and author (died 1854)
- 13 June – Thomas Arnold, historian and school headmaster (died 1842)
- 11 August – Elizabeth Sackville-West, Countess De La Warr, peeress (died 1870)
- 13 September – Julius Hare, theologian (died 1855)
- 24 October – Edwin Norris, philologist, linguist and orientalist (died 1872)
- 31 October – John Keats, poet and leading figure of the Romantic movement (died 1821)
- 10 November – Walter Geikie, painter (died 1837)
- 10 December – Sir George Burns, 1st Baronet, shipping magnate (died 1890)
- 4 December – Thomas Carlyle, historian and philosopher (died 1881)
- 12 December – Jack Russell, parson and dog breeder (died 1883)
- Unknown date – Zephaniah Williams, Welsh chartist (died 1874)
Deaths
- 3 January – Josiah Wedgwood, potter (born 1730)
- 21 January – Samuel Wallis, explorer (born 1728)
- 9 March – John Walsh, scientist (born 1726)
- 23 June – James Craig, Scottish architect (born 1744)
- 3 August – Jerry Abershawe, highwayman, hanged (born 1773)
- 1 October – Robert Bakewell, agriculturalist (born 1725)
- 11 November – George Dixon, sea captain and explorer, died in Bermuda (born 1748)
See also
References
- ^ "History of William Pitt 'The Younger' - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- ^ Hadley Centre Ranked Central England temperature.
- ^ "Some historic examples of flood reports". Lower Severn Community Flood Information Network. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ Eisel, John (2010). "The Great Flood of 1795". Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club. 58: 189–97.
- ^ ISBN 9781134270101.
- ISBN 0-85052-696-5.
- ^ ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ Bloy, Marjie (2002). "The Speenhamland System". The Victorian Web. Archived from the original on 7 August 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
- ^ "Elsecar Newcomen-type Engine". Engineering Timelines. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ Hadley Center Ranked EWP.
- ISBN 1-85437-468-0.