1907 in science
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The year 1907 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Mathematics
- Paul Koebe conjectures the result of the Koebe quarter theorem.
Physics
- The Ehrenfest model of diffusion is proposed by Tatiana and Paul Ehrenfest to explain the second law of thermodynamics.[1]
- Albert Einstein introduces the principle of equivalence of gravitation and inertia and uses it to predict the gravitational redshift.
Chemistry
- June 6 – Persil laundry detergent is first marketed by Henkel of Düsseldorf, Germany, the first to combine a bleaching agent (sodium perborate) with a base washing agent (sodium silicate) commercially.[2]
- Emil Fischer artificially synthesizes peptide amino acid chains and thereby shows that amino acids in proteinsare connected by amino group-acid group bonds.
- Hermann Staudinger prepares the first synthetic β-lactam.
- Georges Urbain discovers Lutetium (from Lutetia, the ancient name of Paris).
Geology
- January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: Earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica.
- c. March 28 – Volcanic eruption of Ksudach in the Kamchatka Peninsula.
- Bertram Boltwood proposes that the amount of lead in uranium and thorium ores might be used to determine the Earth's age and crudely dates some rocks to have ages between 410–2200 million years.
- The Moine Thrust Belt in Scotland is identified by Ben Peach and John Horne, one of the first to be discovered.[3][4]
- The rare
- Ludovic Mrazek describes and names diapirs.[7][8]
Medicine
- Paul Ehrlich develops a chemotherapeutic cure for sleeping sickness.
- Dengue fever becomes the second disease shown to be caused by a virus.[10]
- Indiana, in the United States, becomes the world's first legislature to place laws permitting compulsory sterilization for eugenic purposes on the statute book.
Paleontology
- October 21 – Jaw of Homo heidelbergensis (Mauer 1) found.[11]
Astronomy
- mars canals, and the first work in the emerging field of astrobiology
Psychology
- Ivan Pavlov demonstrates conditioned responses with salivating dogs.
- Vladimir Bekhterev begins publication of Objective Psychology.[12]
Technology
- August 10 – Peking to Paris motor race concludes after 2 months, won by Prince Scipione Borghese driving a 7-litre 35/45 hp Itala.
- August 29 – The partially completed Quebec Bridge collapses.[13]
- October 17 – Glace Bay, Nova Scotia.
- Lee de Forest invents the triode thermionic amplifier, starting the development of electronics as a practical technology.
- Furuholmen Lighthouse in Sweden is the world's first to be equipped with AGA's Dalén light incorporating Gustaf Dalén's invention of the sun valve which turns the beacon's accumulator gas supply on and off using daylight,[14] and for which Dalén will be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1912.[15]
- Ole Evinrude invents the first practical outboard motor, in the United States.
- Rudge-Whitworth of Coventry (England) produce the first detachable wire wheel for automobiles.[16]
- The Autochrome Lumière is the first color photography process marketed.
- James Murray Spangler invents the first Hoover vacuum cleaner in the United States.
- Samuel Simon screenprintingprocess in the United Kingdom.
Zoology
- Carl Hagenbeck opens the Tierpark Hagenbeck in Stellingen, near Hamburg, Germany, the first zoo to use open moated enclosures, rather than barred cages, to better approximate animals' natural environments.[17][18]
- December 28 – Last confirmed sighting of a Huia in New Zealand.
Awards
- Nobel Prizes
- Albert Abraham Michelson
- Chemistry – Eduard Buchner
- Medicine – Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran
- Order of Merit: Florence Nightingale
Births
- January 12 – Sergei Korolev (died 1966), Ukrainian-born space scientist.
- February 20 – Arnold Wilkins (died 1985), English pioneer of radar.
- February 26 – child psychologist.
- March 4 – Rosalind Pitt-Rivers, née Henley (died 1990), English biochemist.
- March 18 – neurophysiologist.
- April 15 – ornithologist and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicinelaureate.
- June 1
- Helen Megaw (died 2002), Irish crystallographer.
- aeronautical engineer.[19]
- June 25 – .
- June 26 – hematologist.
- July 1 – virologist.
- July 7 – Robert A. Heinlein (died 1988), American hard science fiction author.
- August 30 – John Mauchly (died 1980), American co-inventor of the ENIAC computer.
- September 7 – Konstantin Petrzhak (died 1998), Polish-born physicist.
- September 14 – social psychologist.[20]
- September 30 – aeronautical engineer.
- October 2 –
- November 13 – Wang Yinglai (died 2001), Chinese biochemist.
- December 21 – Horace Hodes (died 1989), American medical researcher.
- December 25 – electronic engineer.
Deaths
- January 20
- Agnes Mary Clerke (born 1842), Irish astronomer and author.[22]
- Dmitri Mendeleev (born 1834), Russian chemist.
- February 5 (O.S. January 22) – Nikolai Menshutkin (born 1842), Russian chemist.
- May 19 – Sir Benjamin Baker (born 1840), English civil engineer.
- June 7 – Edward Routh (born 1831), English mathematician.
- June 18 – Alexander Stewart Herschel (born 1836), British astronomer.
- July 14 – Sir William Henry Perkin (born 1838), English chemist.
- November 22 – Asaph Hall (born 1829), American astronomer.
- December 17 – .
References
- ^ Ehrenfest, Paul; Ehrenfest, Tatjana (1907). "Über zwei bekannte Einwände gegen das Boltzmannsche H-Theorem" [About two well-known objections to Boltzmann's H-theorem]. Physikalische Zeitschrift (in German). 8: 311–314 – via Hamburger Kulturgut Digital.
- ^ "100 Years of Persil". Henkel AG. 2006-12-22. Archived from the original on 2010-12-14. Retrieved 2016-09-17.
- Geological Survey of Great Britain, Scotland. Glasgow: H.M.S.O.
- ISBN 978-0-226-62634-5.
- ^ "Tarbuttite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineral Data Publishing. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
- doi:10.1180/minmag.1908.015.68.02. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2014-01-06. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
- .
- ISBN 9781420034523.
- doi:10.1001/jama.1907.25220500025002d. Archived from the originalon December 21, 2019.
- PMID 2224837.
- ^ Schoetensack, Otto (1908). Der Unterkiefer des Homo heidelbergensis aus den Sanden von Mauer bei Heidelberg. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.
- ^ "Vladimir Bekhterev". Russia-IC. Retrieved 2011-04-15.
- ^ Ricketts, Bruce. "The Collapse of the Quebec City Bridge". Mysteries of Canada. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2011-08-16.
- ^ Lundahl, Magnus. "History – The Sun Valve". AGA. Archived from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2012-03-02.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912: Gustaf Dalén – Biography". Nobelprize.org. 1912. Retrieved 2012-03-02.
- ^ Georgano, G.N. (1985). Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930. London: Grange-Universal.
- ^ "Hagenbeck Tierpark und Tropen-Aquarium". Zoo and Aquarium Visitor. Archived from the original on 2009-12-21. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
The founder and his idea Carl Hagenbeck built what no other dared dream of. In 1907, the Hamburg man opened the first barless zoo in the world. As early as the end of the 19th century, this son of a fishmonger had the idea of showing animals no longer caged up but in open viewing enclosures. In his zoo of the future, nothing more than unseen ditches were to separate wild animals from members of the public. Carl Hagenbeck patented this idea in 1896. Nine years later his dream was to come true in Hamburg-Stellingen. The revolutionary open viewing enclosures and panoramas were in fact ridiculed in professional circles but took the public's breath away. Hagenbeck's zoo is considered to have prepared the way for today's wildlife adventure parks.
- ISBN 0-8018-6910-2.
- ^ "Obituaries: Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle". The Independent. 10 August 1996. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ^ "About Solomon Asch". www.brynmawr.edu. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ^ "Alexander Robertus Todd, Baron Todd | British biochemist". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-57607-090-1.