1980s in fashion

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1980s fashion
)
Among women large hair-dos and puffed-up styles typified the decade.[1] (Jackée Harry, 1988)

Fashion of the 1980s was characterized by a rejection of

apparel
became very bright and vivid in appearance.

One of the features of fashion in the second half of the 1980s was the interest in alternative forms. In the 1980s, alternative trends became widespread.[3] This phenomenon has been associated with such phenomena as street style, punk and post-punk.[4]

During the 1980s, shoulder pads, which also inspired "power dressing," became common among the growing number of career-driven women.[5][6]

Hair in the 1980s was typically big,

makeup. Everyday fashion in the 1980s consisted of light-colored lips, dark and thick eyelashes, and pink or red rouge (otherwise known as blush).[9][10]

Some of the top fashion models of the 1980s were Brooke Shields, Christie Brinkley, Gia Carangi, Joan Severance, Kim Alexis, Carol Alt, Yasmin Le Bon, Renée Simonsen, Kelly Emberg, Inès de La Fressange, Tatjana Patitz, Elle Macpherson, and Paulina Porizkova.[citation needed]

Women's fashion

Early 1980s (1980–1982)

jelly shoe
.

Minimalism

Young woman in 1980 wearing a low-cut spaghetti strap dress.
  • The early 1980s witnessed a backlash against the brightly colored disco fashions of the late 1970s in favor of a minimalist approach to fashion, with less emphasis on accessories. In the US and Europe, practicality was considered just as much as aesthetics. In the UK and America, clothing colors were subdued, quiet and basic; varying shades of brown, tan, cream, and orange were common.[11]
  • Fashionable clothing in the early 1980s included unisex and gender-specific attire. Widespread fashions for women in the early 1980s included
    turtleneck, crew neck, and v-neck varieties); fur-lined puffer jackets; tunics; faux-fur coats; velvet blazers; trench coats (made in both fake and real leather);[11] crop tops; tube tops; knee-length skirts (of no prescribed length, as designers opted for choice); loose, flowy, knee-length dresses (with high-cut and low-cut necklines, varying sleeve lengths, and made in a variety of fabrics including cotton, silk, satin, and polyester); high-waisted loose pants; embroidered jeans; leather pants; and designer jeans,[11][12][13] though jeans were not as widely worn as during the 1970s.[14][15] Women's pants of the 1980s were, in general, worn with long inseams, and by 1982 the flared jeans of the 70s had gone out of fashion in favor of straight leg trousers. Continuing a trend begun during the late 1970s, cropped pants and revivals of 1950s and early '60s styles like pedal-pushers and Capri pants were popular.[16][17] 1981 saw a brief fall vogue for knickers.[18][19]
  • From 1980 until 1983, popular women's accessories included thin belts, knee-high boots with thick kitten heels, sneakers, jelly shoes (a new trend at the time),[20] mules, round-toed shoes and boots, jelly bracelets (inspired by Madonna in 1983),[21] shoes with thick heels, small, thin necklaces (with a variety of materials, such as gold and pearls), and small watches.[11]

Aerobics craze

  • The fitness craze of the 1970s continued into the early 1980s. General women's street-wear worn in the early 1980s included ripped sweatshirts,[22] tights, sweatpants,[23] and tracksuits (especially ones made in velour).[11]
  • Athletic accessories were a massive trend in the early 1980s, and their popularity was largely boosted by the aerobics craze. This included leg warmers, wide belts,[23] elastic headbands, and athletic shoes known as 'sneakers' in the US[24] or 'trainers' in the UK.[25]

Increased Formality

  • Continuing a trend begun by designers in 1978,[26][27][28] the early 1980s also saw a return to pre-sixties ideas of formality,[29][30][31] with coordinated suits,[32] occasion dressing like forties-fifties-revival cocktail dresses and evening dresses,[33] and even a revival of hats and gloves,[34][35][36] though neither was required for women as they had once been.[37] This was just one trend among many of the era. Along with this went an increased prevalence of black being worn,[38][39][40] a trend that can be traced both to high-fashion designers[41] and to late seventies punk fashions and their successors.[42][43] Black would continue to be prominent in fashion into the early nineties.[44]

Professional fashion

  • In the 1970s, more women were joining the work force, so, by the early 1980s, working women were no longer considered unusual. As a way to proclaim themselves as equals in the job market, women started to dress more seriously at work. Popular clothes for women in the job market include knee-length skirts, wide-legged slacks, a matching blazer, and a blouse of a different color. Kitten-heeled shoes were often worn.[11] Formal shoes became more comfortable during this period in time, with manufacturers adding soles that were more flexible and supportive.[45] The shoes with moderately spiked heels and relatively pointy toes from the very late 1970s remained a fashion trend.

Mid-1980s (1983–1986)

A young woman from the mid-1980s wearing a denim mini skirt with two thin belts.

Bright colors

Power dressing

President Ronald Reagan and his wife, Nancy, are seen with Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.

Late 1980s (1987–1989)

Consumer-friendly fashions

Asian fashion

  • In Mainland China, the unisex
    dacron blouses.[75]
  • The late 1980s also witnessed the beginnings of
    Bollywood actresses also had access to Western designer outfits and locally designed garments like the Anarkali ballgown.[77]
  • Japanese fashion designers
    sora iro.[83][unreliable source?] In The Japanese Revolution in Paris Fashion, Kawamura describes this new concept: "[...] traditionally in Japanese society, sexuality is never revealed overtly, and this ideology is reflected in the style of kimono, especially for women, these avant-garde designers reconstructed the whole notion of women's clothing style; thus they do not reveal sexuality, but rather conceal it just like the kimono".[84][unreliable source?] The three designers set the stage for the beginning of postmodern interpretation on the part of those who design clothes that break the boundary between the West and the East, fashion and anti-fashion, and modern and anti-modern.[84]

Men's fashion

Early 1980s (1980–1982)

Athletic clothing

Sylvester Stallone in 1983
  • In the early 1980s, fashion had moved away from the unkempt
    tube socks
    sometimes worn with the top folded over worn with shorts. It was not uncommon to see parents especially fathers wearing these along with their kids.
  • Popular clothing in the early 1980s worn by men included tracksuits,
    slouch socks, polyester button-ups, cowboy boots,[86] beanies, and hoodies. Around this time it became acceptable for men to wear sports coats and slacks to places that previously required a suit.[11]
     In the UK, children's trousers remained flared, but only slightly.

New wave influence

  • From the early to mid-1980s,
    neon yellow
    and white on a blue screen.

Preppy look

Oxford shirt
, 1986.

Country style

Ronald and Nancy Reagan in Western clothing, 1985
  • From the late 70s until the mid 80s,
    Rockmount.[92][93]

Mid-1980s (1983–1986)

Miami Vice/Magnum P.I. look and Michael Jackson's influence

Power dressing

power suits
" were fashionable in Britain from the early 1980s until the late 1990s.
  • Men's business attire saw a return of pinstripes for the first time since the 1970s. The new pinstripes were much wider than in 1930s and 1940s suits but were similar to the 1970s styles. Three-piece suits began their decline in the early 1980s and lapels on suits became very narrow, akin to that of the early 1960s. While vests (
    air force blue.[94][95][96]

Tropical clothing

Mobutu
wearing safari jacket, 1983.

Late 1980s (1987–1989)

Doc Martens

Dr. Martens boots
  • Doc Martens were dark shoes or boots with air-cushioned soles that were worn by both sexes in the 1980s. Originally picked up as essential item by early 70's Skinheads the Cherry Red 8 lacehole boots they were an essential fashion accessory for the suedehead and punk subcultures in the United Kingdom. Sometimes Doc Martens were paired with miniskirts or full, Laura Ashley- style dresses.[104] They were an important feature of the post-punk 1980s Gothic look which featured long, back-combed hair, pale skin, dark eyeshadow, eyeliner, and lipstick, black nail varnish, spiked bracelets and dog-collars, black clothing (often made of gabardine), and leather or velvet trimmed in lace or fishnet material. Corsets were often worn by girls. British bands that inspired the gothic trend include The Cure, Siouxsie and the Banshees, and The Cult
    . This trend would return in the 1990s.

Parachute pants

Main article: Parachute pants

US culture in the 1980s as part of an increased mainstream popularity of breakdancing.[105]

Unisex accessories

Jewelry

Princess Diana, 1985
  • Earrings became a mainstream fashion for male teenagers. Jelly or thin metal bracelets (also known as bangles) were very popular in the 1980s, and would be worn in mass quantities on one's wrist. Designer jewelry, such as diamonds and pearls, were popular among many women, not only for beauty, but as symbols of wealth and power.

Watches

  • At the beginning of the decade, digital watches with metal bands were the dominant fashion. They remained popular but lost some of their status in later years. Newer digital watches with built-in calculators and primitive data organizers were strictly for gadget geeks. Adult professionals returned to dial watches by mid-decade. Leather straps returned as an option. By the late 1980s, some watch faces had returned to Roman numerals. In contrast, one ultramodern status symbol was the
    Rolex watches were prominently seen on the television show Miami Vice. Teen culture preferred vibrant plastic Swatch watches. These first appeared in Europe, and reached North America by the mid-1980s. Young people would often wear two or three of these watches on the same arm.[citation needed
    ]

Eyewear

  • In the first half of the 1980s, glasses with large, plastic frames were in fashion for both men and women. Small metal framed glasses made a return to fashion in 1984 and 1985, and in the late 1980s, glasses with tortoise-shell coloring became popular. These were smaller and rounder than the type that was popular earlier in the decade. Throughout the 1980s, Ray-Ban Wayfarers were extremely popular, as worn by Tom Cruise in the 1983 movie Risky Business.[citation needed]
  • Miami Vice, in particular Sonny Crockett played by Don Johnson, boosted Ray-Ban's popularity by wearing a pair of Ray-Ban Wayfarers (Model L2052, Mock Tortoise),[106] which increased sales of Ray Bans to 720,000 units in 1984.[107]

Subcultures of the 1980s

English singer Siouxsie Sioux wearing black clothing, back-combed hair, and heavy black eyeliner. She was an inspiration for the gothic fashion trend that started in the early 1980s.

Robert Smith of the Cure based his gothic look from Siouxsie Sioux's and being a guitarist in her band.

Heavy metal

Main article: Heavy metal fashion
  • In the first half of the 1980s, long hair, leather rocker jackets (biker jackets) or cut-off denim jackets, tight worn-out jeans, and white, high trainers (sneakers) and badges with logos of favorite metal bands were popular among metalheads, and musicians of heavy metal and speed metal bands. However, by the mid-1980s the success of the
    England
    , Canada, and Brazil. Although these styles of extreme metal would begin to adopt contrasting images during the ensuing decade.
  • By the late 1980s, acid-washed
    Poison
    .
  • The Japanese equivalent of glam metal, known as
    fop rock costume such as frilly shirts, tall boots and long coats.[110]

Punk

Main article: Punk fashion
  • Throughout the 1980s, the punk style was popular among people aged 18–22. Characterized by multi-colored mohawks, ripped stovepipe jeans, worn band tee-shirts, and denim or leather jackets. This style was popular among people who listened to punk music such as
    The Sex Pistols, and later, (despite the band's self-proclaimed rock'n'roll image) Guns N' Roses. Usually the denim jackets (which became an identity of the group) were adorned by safety pins, buttons, patches, and several other pieces of music or cultural memorabilia. Oftentimes, fans of the punk style would take random bits of fabric and attach them to their other clothes with safety pins. This soon became a popular way of attaching clothing, and it is now known as "pin shirts" with young women. The shirts are, essentially, rectangular pieces of fabric that are pinned on one side with safety pins. In the 1980s, a dressed down look (e.g. buzzed hair, T-shirts, jeans and button up shirts) was also very popular with people involved in punk rock, more specifically the hardcore punk scene. The Circle Jerks frontman Keith Morris said "Some of those punk rock kids they interviewed were a little over the top, but the thing historically is – the L.A./Hollywood punk scene was basically based on English fashion. But we had nothing to do with that. Black flag and the Circle Jerks were so far from that. We looked like the kid who worked at the gas station or submarine shop."[111] Punk dress was not simply a fashion statement. It epitomized a way of thinking and seeing oneself as an individual cultural producer and consumer. In this way, punk style led many people to ask further questions about their culture and their politics.[112]

New Romantic

pirate shirt
, a New Romantic fashion staple during the 80s.
  • The origins of the
    New Romantic and new wave fashion and music movement of the mid-1980s are often attributed to the Blitz Kids who frequented the club Blitz in London, especially David Bowie. Bowie even used the Blitz's host Steve Strange in his music video for Ashes to Ashes.[113] The New Romantics and those involved with the punk scene had inspired each other because of the concentration of influential individuals going to the same clubs and having the same circle of friends.[113] Vivienne Westwood and Malcolm McLaren were also directly involved in the movement, such as dressing the members of Bow Wow Wow. The band leader and later solo artist, Adam Ant, and Westwood had highly influenced each other as well (Adam Ant being one of the leading icons of the New Romantics).[114] Westwood's first runway collection, Pirates AW 1981-2 is often cited as a New Romantic collection which was both influenced by and highly influential to the movement. The garments in Pirates had asymmetrical necklines, flowy pirate shirts and breeches.[115] The collection was very well received by critics and buyers.[116] However, the designer's interference in the originally DIY fashion was not taken well by some of the participants, such as Boy George who left Bow Wow Wow to form his own band (Culture Club) and who cited one of the reasons for leaving as the way Vivienne Westwood would not let him dress himself.[114]
  • The Blitz Kids described the movement as a retaliation to punk
    gypsy clothing.[114]

Rockabilly

Main article:
Neo-Rockabilly
Garage rock and psychobilly band the U-Men wearing Teddy Boy outfits, early to mid -1980s.

Rude boys and skinheads

British skinheads in 1981
  • Following on from the
    Mods and Rockers
    had previously done in the 60s.

Casuals

Skaters

West German skate punks of the late 80s.
  • In the
    Hitler Youth haircut
    .

Rap and hip hop

Main article: Hip hop fashion
Air Jordan 1 Bred
Hi top Adidas sneakers

Preppy

Young Iranian men wearing casual preppy outfits in 1981
  • Wealthy teenagers, especially in the United States, wore a style inspired by
    rain boots, padded hairbands, and ancestral jewellery such as pearl necklaces.[148]

Hairstyles

Main article: Hairstyles in the 1980s
Tom Bailey of the Thompson Twins in 1986.

Women's hairstyles

Although straight hair was the norm at the beginning of the decade, as many late-1970s styles were still relevant, the perm had come into fashion by 1980.

Big and eccentric hair styles were popularized by film and music stars, in particular among teenagers but also adults. These hairstyles became iconic during the mid-1980s and include big bangs worn by girls from upper elementary, middle school, high school, college and adult women. There was generally an excessive amount of mousse used in styling an individual's hair, which resulted in the popular, shiny look and greater volume. Some mousse even contained glitter.

Beginning in the late 80s, high ponytails, side ponytails, and high side ponytails with a scrunchie or headband became common among girls from upper elementary, middle school, high school, college and adult women.

Men's hairstyles

By 1983, short hair had made a comeback for men, in reaction to the

Beards went out of style due to their association with hippies, but moustaches
remained common among blue collar men.

From the mid-1980s until the early 1990s,

Poison
.

During the late 80s, trends in men's facial hair included designer stubble. Teenagers and young men with medium length hair often parted it down the middle or sides.

Image gallery

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-87972-821-2
    . Retrieved 11 August 2012.
  2. ^ Lauraine Leblanc. Pretty in Punk: Girls' Gender Resistance in a Boys' Subculture. Rutgers University Press, 1999. P. 52
  3. ^ Mendes V. de La Hay A. 20th Century Fashion. London: Thames and Hudson, 1999.
  4. ^ Osgerby B. Fashion and Subculture: A History of Style. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 2010.
  5. ^ Green, Penelope (23 February 2024). "Claude Montana, Fashion Designer Whose Look Defined the '80s, Dies at 76". New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  6. ^ Givhan, Robin (February 28, 2019). "Big '80s shoulders are back. Is it because they need to hold the weight of the world?". Washington Post. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  7. ISBN 978-0-7603-1544-6
    . Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  8. ISBN 978-1-84520-073-2
    . Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  9. ISBN 978-0-415-61334-7
    . Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  10. ISBN 978-0-313-35080-1
    . Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Fashion in the 1980s". Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  12. ^ a b "Designer Jeans". Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  13. ^ a b c "VH1 – I Love The 80s – 1980". YouTube. Retrieved 9 July 2014.[dead YouTube link]
  14. ^ Hyde, Nina S. (1981-03-24). "Fashion: After Jeans...What?". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-03-06. It doesn't take a social historian to observe that fewer people are wearing jeans than, say, a few years ago. There are fewer jeans worn to the Kennedy Center, fewer in Georgetown on Saturday afternoon, fewer jeans in high schools. Stores have reported a decline in sales, particularly the designer-label jeans.
  15. ISBN 0-7172-0814-1
    . Attempts to revive the dying jeans business included the promotion of black as the 'new' jeans color and the introduction of stone-washed and overdyed jeans.
  16. ISBN 0-7172-0212-7
    . ...[In] 1980, the most celebrated trend was toward pants. In every shape, length, and width, pants eclipsed skirts in major...collections.
  17. ^ Duka, John (1982-01-03). "Designing an Empire". The New York Times: 20. Retrieved 2021-12-31. [Perry Ellis's] cropped pants...have been copied by many of the smart manufacturers...
  18. ^ Hyde, Nina S. (1981-09-24). "Fashion: Growing Into Knickers". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-03-06. Knickers are hardly a new idea. But not since the Twenties and Thirties, when young boys wore corduroy knickerbockers, have they been so popular.
  19. ISBN 0-85229-394-1
    . In the early fall, trousers, jeans, bermudas, and divided skirts were all swept aside in favour of knickers.
  20. ^ Alexander, Ron (1980-06-01). "'Ugly Jelly Shoes' In Brash Colors". The New York Times. (complete text[permanent dead link])
  21. ^ "Sex Bracelets". 14 November 2003. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  22. ^ "Sweatshirts". Retrieved 9 July 2014.
  23. ^ a b "Leg Warmers". Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  24. ^ Roland, James. "The History of the Basketball Shoe | LIVESTRONG.COM". Retrieved 2015-05-03.
  25. ^ "Trainer Shoes". Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  26. ^ Hyde, Nina S. (1978-07-27). "YSL Reintroduces the Grand-Entrance Era". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-04-04. Did you love the way your mother looked in the 1940s? If you did, you are in luck - because Yves Saint Laurent, clearly the strongest influence out of Paris, has designed a collection of haute glamour clothes for fall with roots in the Joan Crawford, grand-entrance era.
  27. ^ "Peplums and Picasso". The Washington Post. 1979-07-26. Retrieved 2022-03-03. It is back to the history books if you care to comprehend what the Paris fashion designers are up to...[T]here is a heavy dose of the 1940s in the fall designs, with broad-shouldered suits with fitted bodices, tightly nipped waistlines, and peplums, plus a heavy injection of the early 1900s...
  28. ^ Halasz, Robert (ed.). "Fashion". The Illustrated Columbia Encyclopedia Year Book 1979: Events of 1978. Chicago, Illinois, USA: Standard Educational Corporation. p. 315. Dressy was in and gypsies, peasants, and hippies were definitely out.
  29. ^ Hyde, Nina (1983-03-25). "Comfortable Classiness". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-06-22. Last season [designers] took a decidedly different route: very sophisticated, very dressy, 'grown-up' styles reminiscent of the ones mothers and grandmothers of the fashion crowd had worn in the '30s, '40s and '50s. Peplums, skinny tight skirts, stiletto heels, hats and gloves. A lot of the designers showed that kind of fashion and a lot of stores put it on the racks.
  30. ^ Hyde, Nina (1983-10-22). "Refining the Look". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-06-22. 'People are dressing up again and wearing dresses rather than jeans or sportswear,' says...[dressmaker] Stanley Love, the head of Joseph Love Inc.
  31. ^ Duka, John (28 December 1982). "Notes on Fashion". The New York Times: B10. Retrieved 4 April 2022. The Reagan influence wafted through the major cities like heavy perfume. Where the young had once been the apple of the fashion eye, the elders took over, wearing expensive suits and ball gowns. And youth followed the example. In its way, nothing said more about fashion than all those 15-year-olds in wing collars and black ties swimming like well-bred minnows in the wake of stately taffeta.
  32. ^ Hyde, Nina (1983-10-22). "Refining the Look". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-06-22. [A] more refined, ladylike look is the mood of many of the clothes...In the spirit of being very dignified, designers have revived the jacket and dress ensemble.
  33. ISBN 0-85229-417-4
    . Oldtime Hollywood glamour provided the inspiration for another fashion trend, a body-clinging form with hips draped, wrapped, and bowed.
  34. ^ Morris, Bernadine (1982-10-22). "Kenzo's Fluid Designs End Paris Showings". The New York Times: B8. Retrieved 2022-06-22. Designers...have a predilection for hats...More surprising was the appearance of...rather formal leather gloves...
  35. ^ Hyde, Nina (1983-10-22). "Refining the Look". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-06-22. ...[M]any of the clothes this season...came complete with hat and gloves...
  36. ISBN 0-7172-0814-1
    . ...[G]loves were the number one design accent and the most colorful....[G]auntlets in red, yellow, blue, or green set off...sedately colored fashions...[T]he finishing touch was the hat.
  37. ^ Donovan, Carrie (1982-04-18). "The Spirit of New York". The New York Times: 80. Retrieved 2022-04-04. ...[T]his new spirit harks back to the glamour and dressed-up correctness of the 1950s, but now tuned to the women of the 1980s. It makes accessories such as hats, high-heeled pumps, perhaps even gloves and red lipstick, desirable once more.
  38. ^ Hyde, Nina (1983-03-25). "Comfortable Classiness". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-06-22. ...[S]omber, super-sophisticated black...has dominated for a while....Black sequins...appear in heavy doses on many evening clothes ...
  39. ISBN 0-85229-417-4
    . The daytime scene became very somber, with all black...predominating. There was glossy black leather for miniskirts...the all-black look for evening...above-the-elbow black gloves....[B]asically it was black – black lace, black silk, black jet for earrings, black stockings, and black shoes.
  40. ISBN 0-7172-0814-1
    . Attempts to revive the dying jeans business included the promotion of black as the 'new' jeans color...
  41. ^ Hyde, Nina S. (1978-07-27). "YSL Reintroduces the Grand-Entrance Era". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-04-04. ...[B]lack is a major theme throughout all the Paris collections...
  42. ISBN 0-670-80172-0
    . ...[A]mongst British youth...by the late seventies...there was a dramatic shift...to sinister, black rubber dresses, oversized crosses,...black leather corsetry, death-symbolist accessories and white, caked make-up....Gradually, in response, black dominated the international collections.
  43. ^ Hyde, Nina (1986-05-18). "Fashion Notes: An Attack of Vintage Black". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-04-04. ...'This is the way I dress all the time,' said Lisa Lin, who was wearing black velvet and lace to the Siouxsie and the Banshees concert...Most of the clothes were black...Michelle Hammond...dressed extravagantly in belted black lace and pleated chiffon skirt. 'I dress this way all the time.'...Erica Hoffman...was wearing spider-web gloves with her black outfit...[T]he predominant scheme was black – black clothes, black shoes, black hair.
  44. ISBN 0-85229-522-7
    . Despite...colourful designer collections..., the street look in the springtime was black from head to toe.
  45. ^ "Footwear, 1980–2003". Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  46. ^ a b "Spandex". Retrieved 9 July 2014.
  47. ISBN 0-670-80172-0
    . The second main influence on French fashion was the imagination and anarchic style of London youth. Street style was synthesized into high fashion...
  48. ISBN 0-670-80172-0
    . Helen Robinson of PX, Stephen Jones, Steve Linard,...Demob, Melissa Caplan, and...Body Map all emerged as innovative designers between 1978 and 1983. Most...were involved in the pop-music scene, designing clothes for such stars as Steve Strange of Visage,...Culture Club, Adam Ant, Hayzi Fantayzee and Annie Lennox of the Eurythmics.
  49. ^ Duka, John (1984-03-24). "British Fashion: How It Shifted Into High Gear". The New York Times: 30. Retrieved 2022-06-22. At the Body Map booth at Olympia, Stevie Stewart, who designs the collection with David Holah, was checking off the names of clients, including Gimbel's, Charivari, Bergdorf, Bendel's, in her date book.
  50. ^ Duka, John (1984-03-24). "British Fashion: How It Shifted Into High Gear". The New York Times: 30. Retrieved 2022-06-22. ...[T]he international retail fashion world seems to have caught on to young British fashion and has accepted the idiosyncracies of the British.
  51. ISBN 0-670-80172-0
    . ...Gaultier fused the showmanship of a couture training...with the design anarchy borrowed from London's streets, which he visited regularly....Gaultier...invited [UK milliner Stephen] Jones to design...hats.
  52. ISBN 0-670-80172-0
    . ...[T]heir sub-culture styles quickly became mainstream fashion, as uninspired official designers looked to these young innovators for inspiration.
  53. ISBN 0-670-80172-0
    . London sub-culture cornered the international market....International buyers rushed to London to place their orders.
  54. ^ Duka, John (1983-10-25). "Notes on Fashion". The New York Times: A32. Retrieved 2022-06-22. ...[I]n London...were long skirts that stop below the calf, best in body-hugging stretch fabrics, like Helen Robinson's skirts with a single stripe down the side found at her store PX in Covent Garden.
  55. ^ Duka, John (1984-10-17). "Fashion in London: Rebels with Causes". The New York Times: C12. Retrieved 2022-06-22. ...Body Map...models wear...tight, stretchy tube skirts...
  56. ^ "The Drumbeats of Fashion". The Washington Post. 1985-03-10. Retrieved 2022-06-22. ...[O]ver a year ago [1984],...London designers Scott Crolla and Georgina Godley began making clothes with chintzes and tapestry fabrics that were meant to furnish homes.
  57. ^ Hyde, Nina (1985-03-21). "Swinging England in London". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-06-22. Crolla, a shop on Dover Street, was often the fashion crowd's first stop for beautiful chintz shirts, brocade Nehru jackets and crushed-velvet pants, an opulent look sought out equally by men and women. In fact, these clothes are so popular that they are carried by other shops in London, and are sold on a limited basis to American stores so that there will be enough to go around.
  58. ^ Gross, Michael (1985-12-17). "Purloined Sweater: A Case of Who Copied Whom First". The New York Times: B12. Retrieved 2022-04-04. Early in 1984, Crolla, an English fashion design team, showed a collection of flamboyant tapestry-like floral-print clothes....That March, Jean-Paul Gaultier, the French designer, showed an oversized, hand-embroidered sweater decorated with Crolla-like cabbage roses and geometric borders on the hemline and sleeves....[T]his single design...ascended from the streets of London to a Paris runway, then descended to American mall-quality acrylic...
  59. ^ "The Drumbeats of Fashion". The Washington Post. 1985-03-10. Retrieved 2022-06-22. ...[T]he highly publicized chintzes shown this season by Ralph Lauren and Bill Blass are merely confirmations of a trend begun by Crolla...
  60. ISBN 0-85229-437-9
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Further reading

External links

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