3rd Vermont Infantry Regiment
| 3rd Vermont Infantry Regiment | |
|---|---|
.svg) Flag of Vermont, 1837–1923 | |
| Active | July 16, 1861 to July 11, 1865 |
| Disbanded | July 11, 1865 |
| Allegiance |  United StatesUnion |
| Branch | United States Army Union Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | 1,748 |
| Engagements | |
| Commanders | |
2nd Brigade (Vermont Brigade), 2nd Division, VI Corps (Union Army), Army of the Potomac/Army of the Shenandoah (Union) |  |
| Vermont U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865 | ||||
|
The 3rd Vermont Infantry Regiment was a three-years infantry regiment in the
Vermont Brigade
.
History
_of_the_3rd_Vermont_Infantry.jpg)
In July 1861, the United States Congress authorized President Abraham Lincoln to call out 500,000 men, to serve for three years unless sooner discharged. The 3rd Vermont Infantry was the second of the three years regiments from the state placed in the field as a result of this call. It was organized from militia companies from Springfield, Coventry, Newbury (Wells River), Charleston, Johnson, Hartford, St.Johnsbury, St. Albans, Guidhall, and East Montpelier and Calais.[1]
Governor
1st Vermont Infantry, Captain Truman Seymour, 4th U.S. Artillery, a native Vermonter who had been present at the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, and Captain A. V. Colburn, U.S. Army, who later became Assistant Adjutant General of the Army of the Potomac under General George B. McClellan. Phelps, however, was serving as commandant of the post at Newport News, Virginia
, and the offers to Seymour and Colburn were declined.
The regiment rendezvoused at St. Johnsbury,Caledonia County Agricultural Society at "Camp Baxter," named in honor of Adjutant and Inspector General H. Henry Baxter. The regiment mustered into United States service on July 16, 1861, and departed for Washington, D.C., on July 24, under the temporary command of Lieutenant Colonel Breed N. Hyde. At Hartford, Connecticut, the regiment's commander, Colonel William Farrar Smith, joined them.
The regiment arrived in Washington, D.C., on July 25, 1861, and on July 27, marched up the Potomac to the
33rd New York Infantry
had joined them.
Major
Bellows Falls, resigned his commission on August 6 due to a severe attack of fever and ague. Captain Wheelock G. Veazey, of Company A, replaced him. On August 13, Colonel Smith was appointed brigadier general of volunteers, and Hyde replaced him, now as a full colonel. Veazey was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and Captain Thomas O. Seaver, of Company F, was promoted to major.[1]
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It was also here that Private William Scott, known to history as the Sleeping Sentinel, was found asleep at his post on August 31, court-martialed, and sentenced to be executed. President Lincoln heard about the case, pardoned Scott, and returned him to his unit. William Scott was actually standing before a firing squad when the death sentence and pardon were both read, however no one had told him that he had been pardoned prior to being sent to the firing squad. Scott later was killed in action at the Battle of Lee's Mill (a/k/a Dam No. 1).
On September 3, the units crossed the Chain Bridge, and occupied "Camp Advance," 1 mile (1.6 km) in advance of the bridge. On September 9, Private Scott was scheduled to be executed, but during the proceedings, after the death sentence had been read, a pardon was read, sparing his life. In 1997, the original court-martial and pardon papers were discovered, and authenticated, bringing to an end the controversy over whether President Lincoln had personally signed the pardon, which it turned out he did.[4][5] Scott served faithfully with his regiment until the Battle at Lee's Mill, where he was mortally wounded, and was buried in the national cemetery at Yorktown.
On September 11, the regiment participated in a reconnaissance to and beyond
5th Vermont Infantry.[6]
During the next two weeks, the 4th and 5th Vermont regiments joined Smith's division. On October 9, the Vermont regiments moved to Camp Griffin, about four miles from Chain Bridge. Here, on October 24, the
Vermont Brigade
."
The history of the regiment from this point on is essentially that of the
Vermont Brigade.[7]
The original members of the regiment, who did not reenlist, were mustered out of the service on July 27, 1864. Veterans and recruits were consolidated into six companies, July 25, 1864. One year recruits and others whose term of service was due to expire prior to October 1, 1865, were mustered out on June 19, 1865. The remaining officers and men mustered out of service on July 11.
Medal of Honor
Six members of the regiment were awarded the Medal of Honor.[8][9]
- Beattie, Alexander M., Captain, Co. F, " removed, under a hot fire, a wounded member of his command to a place of safety," at the Battle of Cold Harbor, June 5, 1864.
- Hawkins, Gardner C., 1st Lieutenant, Co. E, "when the lines were wavering from the well-directed fire of the enemy, this officer, acting adjutant of the regiment, sprang forward, and with encouraging words cheered the soldiers on and, although dangerously wounded, refused to leave the field until the enemy's works were taken," at the Third Battle of Petersburg, on April 2, 1865.
- Johnston, Willie, Musician Company D, 3rd Vermont Infantry The second Medal of Honor ever awarded.
- Battle at Lee's Mills, April 16, 1862.
- Battle at Lee's Mills, April 16, 1862.
- Battle of Spotsylvania, May 10, 1864.
Engagements
| ENGAGEMENTS | |
|---|---|
| Battle of Lewinsville | September 11, 1861 |
| Battle at Lee's Mill | April 16, 1862 |
| Battle of Williamsburg[10] | May 5, 1862 |
Battle of Garnett's & Golding's Farm
|
June 26, 1862 |
| Battle of Savage's Station[11] | June 29, 1862 |
| Battle of White Oak Swamp | June 30, 1862 |
| Battle of Crampton's Gap | September 14, 1862 |
| Battle of Antietam | September 17, 1862 |
| Battle of Fredericksburg | December 13, 1862 |
Battle of Marye's Heights[11]
|
May 3, 1863 |
| Battle of Salem Church | May 4, 1863 |
| Second Battle of Fredericksburg[12] | June 5, 1863 |
| Battle of Gettysburg[13] | July 3, 1863 |
| Battle of Funkstown[13] | July 10, 1863 |
| Second Battle of Rappahannock Station | November 7, 1863 |
| Battle of the Wilderness[14] | May 5–10, 1864 |
Battle of Spotsylvania
|
May 10-18, 1864 |
| Battle of Cold Harbor | June 1-12, 1864 |
| Second Battle of Petersburg | June 18, 1864 |
| Battle of Reams' Station | June 29, 1864 |
| Fort Stevens (Washington, D.C.) | July 11, 1864 |
| Battle of Charlestown | August 21, 1864 |
| Battle of Opequon (Gilbert's Ford) | September 13, 1864 |
| Battle of Winchester (Opequon) | September 19, 1864 |
| Battle of Fisher's Hill | September 21-22, 1864 |
| Battle of Cedar Creek | October 19, 1864 |
| Siege of Petersburg | March 25, 1865 |
| Third Battle of Petersburg | April 2, 1865 |
Final Statement
| FINAL STATEMENT[15][16] | |
|---|---|
| Original members | 881 |
| Gain (recruits and transfers) | 928 |
| --- Aggregate | 1809 |
| --- Losses --- | |
| Killed in action | 131 |
| Died of wounds | 65 |
| Died of disease | 152 |
| Died in Confederate prisons | 11 |
| Died from accident | 3 |
| Total of Deaths | 362 |
| Promoted to other regiments | 11 |
| Honorably discharged | 474 |
| Dishonorably discharged | 12 |
| Deserted | 261 |
| Finally unaccounted for | 9 |
| Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps and other organizations | 101 |
| --- Total Losses | 868 |
| Mustered out at various times | 579 |
| Total wounded | 428 |
| Total taken prisoner | 78 |
See also
- Vermont in the Civil War
- Vermont Brigade
Notes/References
- ^ a b c Adjutant General (1892), p. 83, Vol. VI.
- ^ U.S. War Department (1881) Vol II-VIX, p. 337.
- ^ Crockett (1921), p. 514-516, Vol. III.
- ^ Ledoux (2020).
- ^ Historical Society (2020).
- ^ Adjutant General (1892), p. 84, Vol. VI.
- ^ Dyer (1908), p. 317.
- ^ CMOHS (2014).
- ^ VCOnline (2020).
- ^ U.S. War Department (1884) Vol XI-XXIII-I, p. 157.
- ^ a b Crockett (1921), p. 510-512, Vol. III.
- ^ Benedict (1886), p. 142-143, Vol. I.
- ^ a b Benedict (1886), p. 144, Vol. I.
- ^ Coffin (2002), p. 104.
- ^ Adjutant General (1892), p. 105, Vol. VI.
- ^ Fox (1889), p. 148.
Bibliography
- Adjutant General, Vermont (1892). Theodore S. Peck, BGEN (ed.). Revised Roster of Vermont Volunteers and lists of Vermonters Who Served in the Army and Navy of the United States During the War of the Rebellion, 1861-66. Montpelier, VT: Press of the Watchman Publishing Co. p. 886. OCLC 302368404.
- OCLC 2209277.
- Chittenden, Lucius Eugene (1909). Lincoln and the Sleeping Sentinel - The True Story. New York, NY: Harper and Brothers. p. 74. OCLC 868895737.
- Coffin, Howard (2002). The Battered Stars: One State's Civil War Ordeal during Grant's Overland Campaign: from the Home Front in Vermont to the Battlefields of Virginia. Woodstock, VT: Countryman Press. OCLC 1147748752.
- Coffin, Howard (1995). Full Duty: Vermonters in the Civil War. Woodstock, VT: Countryman Press. p. 376. OCLC 42706499.
- Crockett, Walter Hill (1921). Vermont The Green Mountain State, Chapter XXX-XXXIV. Vermont The Green Mountain State. Vol. III. New York, NY: The Century History Company, Inc. OCLC 9412165.
- ASIN B01BUFJ76Q.
- Fisk, Wilbur (1983). Emil Rosenblatt; Ruth Rosenblatt (eds.). Hard Marching Every Day: The Civil War Letters of Private Wilbur Fisk, 1861-1865. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. OCLC 25131397.
- Fox, William F (1889). Regimental Losses In The American Civil War 1861-1865. Albany, NY: Albany Publishing Company. p. 595. OCLC 950982386.
- Glover, Waldo (1936). Abraham Lincoln and the Sleeping Sentinel of Vermont. Montpelier, VT: The Vermont Historical Society. p. 114. OCLC 802300528.
- Poirier, Robert G. (1999). By the Blood of our Alumni: Norwich University Citizen-Soldiers in the Army of the Potomac. Mason City, IA: Savas Pub. Co. OCLC 1132347426.
- Poirier, Robert G. (2005). They Could Not Have Done Better: Thomas O. Seaver and the 3rd Vermont Infantry in the War for the Union. Newport, VT: Vermont Civil War Enterprises. OCLC 709533370.
- U.S. War Department (1880). Operations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Apr 16-Jul 31, 1861. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. II–VIX. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1881). Operations in Maryland, Northern Virginia, and West Virginia. Aug. 1, 1861-Mar 17, 1862. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. V–XIV. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1884). The Peninsular Campaign, Virginia. Mar 17-Sep. 2, 1862 - Reports, Mar 17-Jun 24. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XI-XXIII-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1884). The Peninsular Campaign, Virginia. Mar 17-Sep. 2, 1862 - Reports, Jun 25-Sep 2 - Correspondence, etc. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XI-XXIII-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1884). The Peninsular Campaign, Virginia. Mar 17-Sep. 2, 1862 - Correspondence, etc. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XI-XXIII-III. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1885). Reports, Mar 17-Jun 25; Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Mar 17-Sep 2, 1862. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XII-XXIV-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 427057.
- U.S. War Department (1885). Reports, Jun 26-Sep 2; Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Mar 17-Sep 2, 1862. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XII-XXIV-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 427057.
- U.S. War Department (1886). Supplement. 1886; Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Mar 17-Sep 2, 1862. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XII-XXIV-III. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 427057.
- U.S. War Department (1885). Correspondence; Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Mar 17-Sep 2, 1862. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XII-XXIV-III. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 427057.
- U.S. War Department (1887). Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania. September 3-November 14, 1862. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XIX-XXXI-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1887). Reports, September 20-November 14, 1862; Correspondence, etc., Sept 3-Nov. 14, 1862. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XIX-XXXI-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1889). Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. November 15, 1862 - January 25, 1863. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXI–XXXIII. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1889). Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. January 26-June 3, 1863 - Reports. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXV-XXXVII-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1889). Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. January 26-June 3, 1863 - Correspondence, etc. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXV-XXXVII-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1889). Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Department of the East. June 3-August 3, 1863 - Reports. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXVII-XXXIX-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1889). Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Department of the East. June 3-August 3, 1863 - Correspondence, etc. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXVII-XXXIX-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1889). Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Department of the East. June 3-August 3, 1863 - Correspondence, etc. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXVII-XXXIX-III. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1890). Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4-December 31, 1863, - Reports. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXIX-XLI-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1890b). Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4-December 31, 1863, - Correspondence, etc. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXIX-XLI-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1891). Operations in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. January 1-April 30, 1864. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXXIII–XLV. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1891). Operations in Northern West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. May 1-August 3, 1864 - Reports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXXVII-XLIX-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1891). Operations in Northern West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. May 1-August 3, 1864 - Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXXVII-XLIX-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1893). Operations in Northern West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4-December 31, 1864. - Reports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XLIII-LV-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1893). Operations in Northern West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4-December 31, 1864. - Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XLIII-LV-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1894). Operations in Northern and Southeastern Virginia, North Carolina (January 1-31), West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. January 1-June 30, 1865. Section 1 - Reports. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XLVI-LVIII-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- Allen, Richard Sanders (March 1961) [1961], "The Sleeping Sentinel: Most Famous Private of the War", Vermont Life, XV (3): 51–2
- Jeffrey, Nellie T (1959), The Story of William Scott the Sleeping Sentinel, Groton, VT: Groton Public Library
- Ledoux, Tom (2020). "William Scott, The Sleeping Sentinel". vermontcivilwar.org. Tom Ledoux & Associates. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
The Sleeping Sentinel
- Historical Society, Vermont (2020). "William "The Sleeping Sentinel" Scott Letters". Vermontistory.org. Vermont Historical Society. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- "Congressional Medal of Honor Society". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. CMOHS. 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
- "Victoria Cross, the Men Behind the Medals: The Comprehensive Guide to the Victoria & George Cross - MOHs". Victoria Cross, the Men Behind the Medals. VCOnline. 2020. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
External links
- Vermont in the Civil War
- Vermont National Guard Library and Museum
- Vermont Military Records Project, Vermont Public Records Division
- William Scott, The Sleeping Sentinel
Vermont Civil War Units | ||
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