Agartala

Agartala
City
Bengali Tripuri
Website	agartalacity.nic.in

Agartala (/ˌʌɡərtəˈlɑː/, Bengali: [agorot̪ɔla] ^ⓘ, Kok Borok: [agaratala])^[6] is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Tripura, situated on the banks of Haora/Saidra River, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the border with Bangladesh^[7] and about 2,499 km (1,552 mi) from the national capital, New Delhi.^[8] According to 2022 AMC data,^[9] Agartala is the third most populous city after Guwahati and Imphal in Northeast India. It is India's third international internet gateway and being developed under the Smart Cities Mission.^[10]

Etymology

Agartala is a derivative of two words, namely agar, a valuable perfume and incense tree of genus Aquilaria, and the suffix tala, meaning underneath, a reference to the density of agarwood trees in the region.^{[citation needed]} The agar tree is historically referred to in the story of the King Raghu who tied up his elephant's feet to an agar tree on the banks of River Lauhitya.^{[citation needed]}

History

Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarman

, one of the most ambitious kings of Tripura

One of the earliest kings of Tripura was Patardan B.C. 1900, long before the

In the past, Tripura served as the capital to several Hindu kingdoms. Although a timeline of the rulers has not been found, records reveal that the area has been ruled by as many as 179 Hindu rulers, starting from the mythological King Druhya to the last King of Tripura, Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya. Tripura also came under Mughal rule. The state came under the governance of the British in 1808.^[12]

Much later the ancient capital of the then

]

During the

The Agartala Municipality was established during the reign of Maharaja Bir Chandra Manikya (1862–1896) within an area of 3 square miles (8 km²) having a population of only 875 by a royal proclamation in the last part of 1871. A.W.S. Power, the first British political agent for Tipperah was also appointed as the Chairman of the Agartala Municipality in 1872 who held office from 1872 to 1873. The municipality located at the crossing of latitude N 23 –50' and longitude E 91-17' covering 3 km² area during that period.^[16]

Bir Bikram Manikya Debbarma is called the founder of the planned city of Agartala. He had gone on a tour to the United Kingdom and was so impressed at the architecture that he started planning similar township in Agartala. During the 1940s the town was re-organised in a planned manner with new roads and a market building.^{[citation needed]}

The estimated population of Agartala was 5,22,603 in 2014 after the municipal expansion^[17] (189,327 in the 2001 census).^[18]

From 1901 to 1971 the city did not experience notable progress in infrastructure development with only an 8 km² of area but 1981 saw Agartala expanding and increasing its connectivity as well as businesses in various fields, the city area expanding to 58.84 km², greater Agartala is planned as of 2011 with an additional of 92 km². Agartala had a different type of history from the earlier times of the epic days as it was a princely state and was connected with Bangladesh. Though the East India Company had not arrived in the princely capital of the state but they always remained in a certain in capturing and ruling. The East India Company had set their base of North East India in the Assam province with Shillong as their capital.^{[citation needed]}

Indian Nobel laureate and poet Rabindranath Tagore visited the city multiple times and built a house that still exists. The historical book Rajmala contains incidents and historical stories of Agartala.^{[citation needed]}

Geography and climate

Agartala is situated on a plain land along the Haora River, although the city also extends to the low-lying hills on its northern parts.^{[citation needed]}

Agartala has a monsoon influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) just short of being hot enough to qualify as a borderline tropical savanna (Aw)/tropical monsoon (Am) climate. Large amounts of rain fall all year except during the dry "winter" or "cool" season. The city experiences long, hot and wet summers, lasting from April to October. Average temperatures are around 28 °C or 82.4 °F, fluctuating with rainfall. There is a short, mild winter from mid-November to early March, with mostly dry conditions and average temperatures around 18 °C (64 °F). The best time to visit is from September to February. Summers are long and extremely hot with much sunlight and warm days. Rain is very common in this season^[19] and the city can be found flooded. The Haora River flows through the city and remains flooded with water during the time of monsoon.^[20][21]

Demographics

As of the

In 1941 Agartala had a population of 17,693.^[25] By 1991 the population had risen to 157,358.^[26]

Bengali, the official state language, is the dominant language in Agartala spoken by 363,363 people, while English is also a popular language in the state; Kokborok is spoken by 16,200 people in the city.^[24] According to the 2011 census, 94.09% of the population is Hindu, 4.37% Muslim, 0.99% Christian, and 0.28% Buddhist.^[27][28] The remainder of the population includes Sikhs, Jains, and other religions; 0.27%.

The city mainly consists of

There is also a growing population of Tripuri people in the city. Among the native Tripuri festivals, the most famous are Kharchi, Garia and Ker festivals and Tring, the Tripuri New year celebrations. The major areas where the Tripuri live are in the localities of Abhoynagar, Banamalipur, Krishnanagar, Nandannagar and Kunjaban areas who have started to mass migrate to Agartala from other parts of Tripura.^{[citation needed]}

Year	Population	Area
1901	6,415	3 square miles (8 km2)
1911	6,831	3 square miles (8 km2)
1921	7,743	3 square miles (8 km2)
1931	9,580	3 square miles (8 km2)
1941	17,693	3 square miles (8 km2)
1951	42,595	3 square miles (8 km2)
1961	54,878	3 square miles (8 km2)
1971	100,264	3 square miles (8 km2)
1981	132,186	10.94 km2
1991	157,358	15.81 km2
2001	188,540	16.02 km2
2004	367,822	58.84 km2
2011	404,004	58.84 km2
2013	438,408	76.504 km2 (Greater Agartala Planning Area: 512,264 and 92 km2)

Agartala has emerged as one of the fastest-growing cities in the northeastern region of India today. The city area under the AMC has seen a consistent expansion in recent times with conglomeration of various industries and businesses shaping up. Poverty and literacy still remains a challenge for the governing bodies.^{[citation needed]}

Localities

Agartala city consists of many paras, which means "locality" in Bengali. Each collection of neighbourhoods or para is usually also a municipal ward or division. There are 49 wards under the municipal corporation jurisdiction.^{[citation needed]}

]

Pratapgar, Math Chowmuhani, Kashari Patti, and Ker Chowmuhani are some important places in the city. One of the largest banyan trees is located in Ker Chowmuhani. Under that tree lies the Shiv-Kali temple of Ker Chowmuhani. This is one of the most peaceful temples in Agartala. In local language Chowmuhani is an intersection of three or four roads, i.e., a place where a couple of roads are linked up across a particular point; in pure Bengali Chowmuhani is called "more".^[citation needed]

Kaman Chowmuhani is the most important place and a part of the heart of the city. The name Kaman Chowmuhani is derived from the Bengali word Kaman meaning "Cannon" in English. It so happened when the king of Tripura Dhanya Manikya defeated the soldiers of Husain Shah in battle and forfeited their cannon which was later set up in this place from where its name is derived. The place along with its object is a unique icon of Agartala.^{[citation needed]}

Krishnanagar is one of the most densely populated parts of the city. It encompasses the most visited temples of Agartala like Jagannnatha temple, Laxminarayana temple, Durgabari temple and Alpkhbaba temple. Radha Nagar has a bus stand and it connects buses and other vehicles to the northern part of the state.^{[citation needed]}

Shibnagar is another locality which connects the city to Maharaja Bir Bikram College, the oldest college of the state whereas Ramnagar is the most dense locality in Tripura. The rectangular gridiron network of Ramnagar dates from the eras of the Rajas, one of the earliest planned neighbourhood in the city. There are 12 divisions in this area and many clubs which organise Durga puja. Joynagar is another a locality in Agartala which has six lanes. There are four clubs which organise Durga puja. The closest landmark of Joynager is Battala market, one of the important business hubs in the state.^{[citation needed]}

Abhoynagar and Arundhutinagar are two residential areas around the city and are densely populated, (Arundhutinagar) being located 5 km away from the city centre confining the

]

Gol Bazar (Maharajganj bazar) is the most important business hub as well as the largest market in the state of Tripura. Products are exported to many Indian cities from this zone. The market was established by the king of Tripura before India's independence.^[citation needed]

Gurkha Basti is one of the biggest slum areas in the city, a recent campaign has been launched by the state government to make the city slum free and hence relocation of its residents is underway. Kunjaban is a census town in west Tripura district, which mainly includes government buildings and localities. The secretariat and the seat of the state government is located in this area. New Capital Complex is located in Kunjaban and is a planned and modern area. The Secretariat and the State Assembly along with the new Governor House is located here.^{[citation needed]}

College Tilla consists of the historic Maharaja Bir Bikram College which was set up by Maharaja Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya in 1947. It is surrounded by some localities and quarter complexes of many government employees.^{[citation needed]}

MBB Club, Indranagar, Bholagiri and Bhati Abhoynagar are some residential places in the city.^{[citation needed]}

79 Tilla is another important part of Agartala with major offices such as the BSNL Office, electric office, Geological Survey office and Quarters, and the AG Quarters. It is located 2.5 km approx from the heart of the city.^{[citation needed]}

GB Bazar is another important market of this state which is located 2 km from the heart of the city. The Agartala Government Medical College is located here.^{[citation needed]}

Amtali, Badhar Ghat, College Tilla, Jagaharimura, Lake Chowmuhani, Advisor Chowmuhani, Ganaraj Chowmuhani, Durjoynagar, Bardowali are some important places in the city.^{[citation needed]}

Battala is the commercial area of the city, it is often called Bottala in Bengali and is also known as the electronics market of Agartala. Products are imported from surrounding countries and the cheapest variety of cloths and accessories are found. Battala also has a strong food market and is the second biggest market in Tripura after Gol Bazar.^{[citation needed]}

Melarmath is one of the most important parts of the city and also the electronic business hub centre; the city center market as well as other prominent structures are located here. Melarmath Kali Bari temple is one of the widely known temples of Agartala.^{[citation needed]}

Khayerpur and Chandrapur are located on the National Highway 8.^{[citation needed]}

These areas are subdivided into residential blocks, such as Banamalipur which is divided into North Banamalipur, Madhya Banamlipur, South Banamalipur, etc.^{[citation needed]}

From 2004 the

City administration

The city is managed by the Agartala Municipal Corporation (AMC), which divides the city into 49 municipal wards under four zones: North, South, East and Central zones. Each ward has an elected ward representative or municipal councillor. For postal administration the city is divided into postal zones. The complete list of municipal wards and their locations by municipal zones are shown in the table below.^[32]

Ward no.	Para / locality	Municipal zone
1	Barjala	North
2	Chandinamura-Lichubagan	North
3	Kunjaban	North
4	Chanmari	North
5	Indranagar	North
6	Nandannagar	North
7	Abhoynagar	North
8	Radhanagar	North
9	Ranjitnagar	Central
10	Rajnagar	Central
11	Paschim Jaynagar	Central
12	Ramnagar	Central
13	Paschim Krishnanagar	Central
14	Krishnanagar	Central
15	Dimsagar-Banamalipur	Central
16	Dhaleswar	East
17	Kashipur-Khayerpur	East
18	Shibnagar	East
19	Paschim Shibnagar	East
20	Town Pratapgarh	Central
21	Shantipara	Central
22	Melarmath	Central
23	Bardowali	South
24	Bhattapukur-Badarghat	South
25	Arundhutinagar	South
26	Dakkhin Badarghat	South
27	Siddhi Ashram	South
28	Rajlaxminagar	South
29	Arundhutinagar	South
30	Paschim Pratapgarh	South
31	Purba Pratapgarh	South
32	Jogendranagar	East
33	Uttar Jogendranagar	East
34	Aralia	East
35	Purba Jogendranagar	East

Politics

On 1 November 1956, Tripura became a

Agartala assembly constituency is part of have always been common.

After the independence of India in 1947 Tripura was still a princely state. After the death of the last king Maharaja Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya Bahadur on 17 May 1947, a Regency Council was formed headed by Maharani Kanchan Prava Devi, for aid of the minor Prince, Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya Bahadur. The regent signed the merger agreement with the government of India. After the merger Tripura became a Part 'C' state. On reorganisation of the states, effected in November 1956, Tripura became a Union Territory with an Advisory Committee to aid and advise the chief commissioner. Tripura gained its statehood on 21 January 1972 before that but merging with India in 1949 the first chief minister of the state was on 1 July 1963, Sachindra Lal Singh of the Indian National Congress, he was the CM of the state for around 3,046 days. From 5 January 1978 the rule of the Congress came to an end as Nripen Chakraborty became the first communist chief minister of Tripura. Later again the communists fell and the INC rose and was in power till 1992, from 1993 again CPI (M) came to power. Manik Sarkar was the CM of the state from 11 March 1998 to March 2018. In 2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election BJP won 36 out of 59 seats, defeating CPI(M) in the process. BJP's Biplab Kumar Deb was sworn in as the chief minister of Tripura.^{[citation needed]}

Agartala is administered by several government agencies. The Agartala Municipal Corporation, or AMC, oversees and manages the civic infrastructure of the city which together encompass 49 wards. Each ward elects a councillor to the AMC. Each borough has a committee of councillors, each of whom is elected to represent a ward. By means of the borough committees, the corporation undertakes urban planning and maintains roads, government-aided schools, hospitals, and municipal markets.^{[citation needed]}

Economy

Most of the population is employed in the state and central government, and other government owned enterprises.^{[citation needed]}

The consumption patterns of the residents of Agartala have evolved considerably since the expansion of the city and the corresponding rise in population; previously, major consumption took place once a year, during

The Agartala Book Fair has been held annually, usually in Agartala, since 1981.^[36]

Culture

Like in other Indian states, there is mixed religion in Agartala.^[37] Hinduism is the dominant religion and there are many temples across the city. The whole city is nestled with tents catering to a variety of themes. Christianity is a widespread faith as well, with Christmas being a very busy time of the year. Agartala is also known for its Tripuri festivals like Kharchi, and Garia Ter.^[38]

Temples

Some prominent temples are:

• Lakshmi Narayan Temple, the Palace Compound
• Agartala Jagannath Mandir

Churches

• Union Baptist Church, Arundhutinagar, the oldest church in Agartala
• Agartala City Baptist Church, Supari Bagan
• Agartala Capital Baptist Church, Nandanagar
• St. Francis Xavier Cathedral Church, Durjoynagar^[39]

Transportation

Airport

Agartala is connected to other cities in India by air via

The airport is located in Singerbhil 20 km (12 mi) north of Agartala.[40] The major airlines are Air India, IndiGo. The airport is under construction to make it an international airport.^[40]

Plans passed to upgrade the airport building with a new terminal under construction and better facilities and modern equipment along with more apron, expansion of runways, better CAT and navigation system.^[40]

Roads

(150 km).

• National Highway 44 (India) – connected to Tripura to Shillong and Mizoram (NH 44A)
• National Highway 44A (India) – connected to Tripura to Mizoram

Agartala is well connected by road to other parts of Tripura state. National Highway 44 has been extended to the south, thus improving the road connectivity between Agartala and south Tripura. Buses, Jeeps, Trekkers and SUVs are the most common public carriers,^[citation needed] and cars and vans are usually used for private hire.^{[citation needed]} The highway passes through hilly terrains, while travelling from the city towards the

Debatamura Hills can be seen.

The main mode of public transportation within the city consists of a network of cycle rickshaws, auto rickshaws and buses. To ease traffic congestion a 2.26 km long flyover is constructed.^[41]

Railways

Since 2008, Agartala has been connected to other cities in India by the

.

Agartala is the second capital city (after Guwahati, Assam) in the northeast which is connected to the country's railway network. The railway station is located approximately 5.5 km (2.96 nautical miles) from the heart of the city and a lot of modes of transportation are available to reach the city from the station.^{[citation needed]}

Broad-gauge conversion work in the Lumding-Silchar segment was completed in March 2015. Gauge conversion work up to Agartala was completed by the end of March 2016, and railway traffic between Agartala and Silchar began. During the laying of rail lines from Kumarghat to Agartala, provisions were kept for swiftly converting it to broad gauge. Presently, local trains from Agartala to Dharmanagar and Silchar are functional. Work on express trains connecting Agartala to Delhi, Kolkata, Guwahati and Dibrugarh has started. Local railway traffic between Agartala to Sabroom has become functional.^{[citation needed]}

Connecting with Tripura Train Rajdhani, Shatabdi, Janshatabdi, Garib Rath, Duronto, Yuva, AC Trains. A rail link between Agartala and

]

Communications

Radio stations

• AIR
• Big FM
• Red FM 93.5

Television

Doordarshan (DD) has a television station in Agartala. Akash Tripura is one of the first television channels in Agartala. It is a full-time Agartala-based news channel. Other full-time based channels are PB 24, Headlines Tripura,^[43] Akash Tripura, News Vanguard and Focus Tripura etc.

There are other cable channels such as – Hallabol, Sristi Tripura, Sristi Music, Sristi Bangla, Sristi Cinema, CITI, News All India, and Tripura Pratidin, which are not 24 hours channels and are run by Siti and Sristi Cable networks.^[44]

There are also KokBorok channels like KokTripura, KhumpuiTV and ChiniKhorangTV Which are currently in service.

Newspapers

Bengali-language media is dominant in the city. Major news publications are:

• Dainik Sambad (Bengali)
• Syandhan Patrika
  (Bengali)
• Ajker Fariad (Bengali)
• Bartaman (Bengali)
• Daily Desher Katha (Bengali)
• Aajkaal (Bengali)'
• Pratibadi Kalam (Bengali)
• Hachukni Kok (Kokborok)

Education

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Universities

Tripura University is Agartala's central university, located in a 10 km range from the city of Agartala. Other universities include the ICFAI University, which was established in 2004 and is ranked 2nd in the Engineering Colleges of India. The Maharaja Bir Bikram University is known as the only state university within Tripura. The Sikkim Manipal University has been ranked 13th in India's best medical universities by India Today^[45] as well as being in the top 10 emerging colleges of India.

Colleges

There are currently 15 general colleges within Agartala

National Institute of Technology, Agartala, the Tripura Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Agartala

.

Prominent schools

The prominent primary and secondary schools of Agartala include the St Paul's School, Agartala which has an aim to teach students who are a part of the Christian faith. A similar school, the Holy Cross School, was established by the Congregation of Holy Cross. Other prominent schools include the Shishu Bihar H.S. School^[48] and the Netaji Subhash Vidyaniketan.

Sports

Tripura is an important state in the northeast India with regard to sports. Cricket is the most important sport in the state. Football also has an important role.

Football

Agartala has a large base of football followers. UK mini stadium is an important venue for this game. Tripura Football Association organises a football league known as Agartala League every year to popularise the sport in the state.

Cricket

Tripura has a state team which plays under the auspices of the Tripura Cricket Association in the Eastern division of the Ranji Trophy championship, the national first-class cricket competition of India. The most important cricket grounds are Maharaja Bir Bikram College Stadium and Polytechnic Institute Ground, Narsingarh. Some other notable grounds are Astabal ground and the Pragati School cricket ground. Tripura Cricket Association organises cricket tournaments at the U-13, U-15, U-17 and U-19 levels where clubs affiliated to Tripura Cricket Association compete against each other.

Stadiums

The following are the stadiums in Agartala:

• Maharaja Bir Bikram College Stadium – the premier cricket stadium in the city with a capacity of 30,000 persons.
• Polytechnic Institute Ground- the second cricket stadium in the city with capacity of 15,000 persons.
• Swami Vivekananda Stadium – another multi-purpose stadium in the capital city of Tripura in Agartala. Located around 2 km away from the city centre, the stadium has a sitting capacity around 8000 including a grand stand and press gallery. The area of the inner ground is 7350 sqm. It is considered the most highly modernised and the best stadium in northeast India.^[49]

Tourism

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Places of interest

• College Tilla – Maharaja Bir Bikram College, Tripura University buildings, football ground, international cricket stadium, picturesque lush landscapes and serene natural lakes. It is also a national bird sanctuary.
• Ujjayanta Palace – Palace of the Tripura kings, was converted to state legislative assembly and now into a museum, situated in the area of Palace Compound is one of the eye catching attraction in the state. It is a former royal palace in Agartala, and also served as the meeting place of the Tripura Legislative Assembly until 2011. The area has decoded from the ruling landmark of the kings to the citizens. Tours are conducted by the Tripura Tourism Department. The name Ujjayanta Palace was given by the poet Rabindranath Tagore, who visited the state of Tripura many times. Maharaja Bir Bikram was the last king of Tripura and the last king who stayed in his house in the palace. It has now been transformed into a museum named Ujjayanta Museum and it was inaugurated by Dr.Hamid Ansari, the former vice-president of India
• Agartala Jagannath Mandir — Hindu temple of the Vaishnava school of thought.

Parks and playgrounds

• Heritage Park: The most visited of all the parks in the city,
  better source needed] the most notable features here are the miniature models of various monuments of the state, the Ayurvedic herb-garden and the fountain.^{[citation needed}
  ]
• Rabindra Kanan: A park in the vicinity of the Pushpavanta Palace, former Raj Bhavan of Tripura and the Malancha Nivas, this park annually holds the birth anniversary ceremony of Rabindranath Tagore, after whom the park is named. It is near to Heritage Park.
• Vivek Uddyan: Adjacent to Ujjayanta Palace and Children's Park, this park annually holds the birth anniversary ceremony of Swami Vivekananda, after whom the park is named
• Nehru Park: A stroll or walking park that is decorated in greenery with rivers (no mechanical themed-machinery), close in driving distance from Heritage Park and Rabindra kanan.
  better source needed
  ]
• Children's Park
• Albert Ekka Park
• Lembucherra Park: The latest addition to Agartala's parks

Museums

• Tripura State Museum, located at the Ujjayanta Palace
• Science Museum, located in Sukanta Academy
• Haveli Museum, located in Khayerpur

Multiplexes

• Rupasi Multiplex: One of the established multi-screen cinemas in Agartala is the Rupasi Cinema, ML Plaza, Agartala.
• Balaka Cinema: Located in the City Center Agartala.

Notable people

• Tripura State. Often considered the Architect of Modern Tripura^[52]
• Tripuri language playwright, poet and lyricist.^[53][54][55]
• Pradyot Bikram Manikya Deb Barma^[56][57]
• S. D. Burman, music director, singer and composer in Bengali and Hindi language films^[58]
• Biplab Kumar Deb, 10th Chief Minister of Tripura.^[59]
• N. C. Debbarma, Former AIR Director, politician, current IPFT Chief and Revenue Minister of Tripura.
• Indian Idol 4
  )
• Kalpana Debnath, gymnast
• Mantu Debnath, gymnast^[60]
• Reema Debnath, actress in Bollywood^[61][62]
• Somdev Devvarman, professional Indian tennis player
• Manik Dey, member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), former minister of Power, Urban Development, Rural Development and Transport in Government of Tripura^[63]
• David Dhawan, Bollywood film director^[64]
• Chandra Shekhar Ghosh, founder of Bandhan Bank
• Dipa Karmakar, gymnast. Represented India at 2016 Summer Olympics
• Borkung Hrangkhawl, rapper, singer, songwriter^[65][66]
• Naresh Mitra, Bengali actor and director
• Manisankar Murasingh, cricketer
• Bishweshwar Nandi, gymnast
• Jishnu Dev Varma, politician and Deputy Chief Minister of Tripura^[67][68][69]

See also

• List of cities and towns in Tripura
• Tourism in North East India
• Centre for Forest Based Livelihood and Extension
• Advanced Research Centre for Bamboo and Rattan

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Agartala.

• Agartala Municipal Corporation
• Agartala travel guide from Wikivoyage