Help:IPA/Bengali

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Bengali pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Bengali phonology and Bengali alphabet for a more thorough look at the sounds of Bengali.

Consonants
IPA Bengali Examples ISO 15919 English Approximation
b ব বালি b abash
bʱ[1] ভ ভীরু bh clubhouse
d[2]
 দ দাম d deal (dental), Indian the
dʱ[2] ধ ধারা dh redhead (dental), Indian that
ɖ[2] ড ডুমুর ḍ American bird
ɖʱ[2] ঢ ঢোল ḍh American birdhouse
d͡ʒ জ, য[3] জল যবন j hedge
d͡ʒʱ ঝ ঝাউ jh hedgehog
ɡ গ গম g agate
ɡʱ ঘ বাঘা gh loghouse
ɦ হ, ঃ[4] মহান বাঃ h behind
h head
k ক কলম k scan
kʰ খ, ক্ষ শাখা, ক্ষমা kh can
l
 		ল মালিনী l leaf
m ম মানুষ m much
n
 		ন, ণ নীলা ,বাণ n not
ŋ ঙ, ং বাঙালি অংশ ṅ sing
p প পাকা p span
pʰ[5] ফ ফল ph pin
r[6] র,‍‍ র্ক, (র্), ‍‍্র বিরাম, তর্ক, শ্রম r American atom or ring (
flapped or trilled
)
ɽ ড়, ঢ় বড় দৃঢ় ṛ American larder
s স সেলাম s sue
ʃ শ, ষ, স মশা ষাট সময় ś shoe
t[2]
 ত, ৎ তমাল উৎস t get (dental), Indian think
tʰ[2] থ থাবা th tub (dental), Indian thought
ʈ[2] ট বট ṭ American parts
ʈʰ[2] ঠ কাঠুরে ṭh American partake
t͡ʃ চ মুচি c catch
t͡ʃʰ ছ ছাগল ch choose
Marginal consonants
β[1] ভ ভিসা v very
j য়[7] নয়ন y yes
ɸ[5] ফ ফ্যান f find
w[8] ও, উ ওয়াদা, উইলিয়াম v will
z জ, য[3] জাকাত যিয়ারত z zip
ɳ[9] ণ[10] বাণ ṇ American burn
Vowels
Monophthongs
IPA Bengali Examples ISO 15919 English Approximation
ɔ অ, প অমর a off
a আ, পা আঙিনা ā Australian father, RP cut
æ[11] অ্যা, প্যা, এ, পে ত্যাগ খেলা ae/æ trap
i ই, পি, ঈ, পী দিন দীন i beat
u উ, পু, ঊ, পূ কুল কূল u cool
e এ, পে মেদিনী ē Scottish may
o ও, পো, অ, প ওজন অঙ্কুর ō story
◌̃ ঁ ইঁদুর ঁ nasal vowel
([ã], [õ], etc.)
Semivowels
e̯[7] য় খায় ẏ Similar to very
i̯[7] ই ভাই i happy
o̯[8] ও যাও হাওয়া ō Similar to look
u̯[8] উ ঝাউ u too
Diphthongs
ii̯ িই নিই ii tea
iu̯ িউ বিউভোল iu ew
ei̯ েয় দেয় ēi RP bay
eu̯ েও ঢেও ēu Roughly like go in some dialects of English[12]
æe̯ ্যায় ন্যায় aeẏ/æẏ No English equivalent
ai̯ াই পাই āi Buy
ae̯ ায় পায় āẏ Similar to Hi
au̯ াউ পাউ āu How
ao̯ াও পাও āō Similar to How
ɔe̯ ◌য় নয় aẏ No English equivalent
ɔo̯ ◌ও নও aō No English equivalent
oi̯ োই দোই ōi Similar to boy
oo̯ োও দোও ōō Indian no
ou̯ ৌ নৌকা ōu goal
ui̯ ুই, ূই ধুই ui Similar to Louie
Suprasegmentals
IPA
ˈ primary stress
(placed before stressed syllable)[13]
ˌ secondary stress
(placed before stressed syllable)[13]
ː doubled consonant

Notes

  1. ^ a b /bʱ/ is phonetically realised either as [bʱ] or /β/ (phonetically [v~β]) depending on the speaker and variety. /β/ can additionally occur as an allophone of /bʱ/ in foreign loan words e.g. ভিসা [βisa] 'visa'.
  2. ^
    d] with apical postalveolar [ʈ] and [ɖ] (as well as aspirated variants). Both sets sound like /t/ and /d/ to most English speakers although the dental [t] and [d] are used in place of the English /θ/ and /ð/ for some speakers with th-stopping
    .
  3. ^
    zakah
    charity', আজিজ [aziz] 'Aziz'). However, many speakers usually replace /z/ with /dʒ/.
  4. ^ /ɦ/ may be devoiced to [h] in word-initial or final positions, with [ɦ] occurring medially.
  5. ^ a b /pʰ/ is phonetically realised either as [pʰ] or /ɸ/ (phonetically [f~ɸ]) depending on the speaker and variety. /ɸ/ can additionally occur as an allophone of /pʰ/ in foreign loan words e.g. ফ্যান [ɸæn] 'fan'.
  6. r
    ] depending on the variety and speaker.
  7. ^ a b c /j/ occurs in some pronunciations of Bengali vowel clusters as a result of the semivowels /e̯ i̯/ undergoing fortitional merging, such as নয়ন [nɔjon].
  8. ^ a b c /w/ may occur as a fortitional allophone of the semivowels /o̯/ and /u̯/, especially in loan words e.g. ওয়াদা [wada] 'promise', উইলিয়াম [wiliam] 'William'.
  9. ^ https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.10258
  10. ^ Mainly occurs as an allophone of [n] in conjunct with other postalveolar (retroflex) consonants.
  11. ^ Usually pronounced as a near-open [æ] (Thompson 2020, p. 23) but may also be pronounced and transcribed in IPA as open-mid [ɛ] (Khan 2010, pp. 221–225).
  12. Northern England English, Welsh English, Scottish English and Irish English
    , have no close equiavalent vowel.
  13. ^ a b Primary stress usually occurs in word-initial positions with secondary stress occurring afterwards.

Bibliography

  • Khan, Sameer ud Dowla (2010), "Bengali (Bangladeshi Standard)" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (2): 221–225,
    doi:10.1017/S0025100310000071

See also
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