Anahita Ratebzad
Anahita Ratebzad | |
---|---|
آناهیتا راتبزاد | |
Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council | |
In office 27 December 1980 – 24 November 1985 | |
President | Babrak Karmal |
Member of the Politburo of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan | |
In office 1979–1986 | |
Member of the House of the People | |
In office 1965–1969 | |
Constituency | Second District Kabul City |
Afghan Ambassador to Yugoslavia | |
In office July 1978 – 1980 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Guldara, Afghanistan | 1 November 1931
Died | 7 September 2014 Dortmund, Germany | (aged 82)
Spouse | Keramuddin Kakar |
Children | 3 |
Anahita Ratebzad (
Early life and education
Ratebzad was born in
Her political involvement led to an estrangement between her and her husband, Dr. Keramuddin Kakar, who did not approve of her political views and activities as he was considered loyal to
Political life
Ratebzad was one of the first publicly outspoken social and political Afghan-women activists in the late 1950s and most of 60s in Afghanistan. She was also part of the first ever Afghan-women delegation representing the Kingdom of Afghanistan on international stage at the Asian Women's Conference in Ceylon in 1957.
As veiling became optional [3] during the tenure of Daud Khan as prime minister, Ratebzad led a group of female nurses in 1957 to Kabul's Aliabad Hospital to attend male patients. This marked the uncovering of women's faces for working purpose in urban Afghanistan. However, this and other events to follow led to her defamation in conservative circles of Afghan society.
Ratebzad founded the
Ratebzad along with other members of DOAW organised a protest march on 8 March 1965 in Kabul marking the first celebration of International Women's Day in Afghanistan.[5]
She became involved in leftist politics and, along with
In the days leading to the Saur Revolution/ Coup d'état on 28–29 April 1978, Ratebzad was detained under house arrest in her apartment in Makroyan, while Karmal Ghulam Dastagir Panjsheri , Nur Muhammad Taraki and Saleh Mohammad Zeary were imprisoned and other PDPA prominent members (Khalq and Parcham) had gone underground. As the Khalq wing of PDPA seized power and Taraki became president, she was appointed as Minister of Social Affairs. She served at the post for four months.
Ratebzad wrote the 28 May 1978
The two factions of Khalq and Parcham soon fell out again and prominent Parchamites, including Ratebzad, were appointed as ambassadors. Ratebzad served as ambassador to
After Karmal was replaced by Mohammad Najibullah in 1986, who aimed at distancing himself from his leftist past and Marxist rhetoric upon Soviet advice,[12] Ratebzad was discharged of her posts and withdrew from the Politburo. She was replaced as head of DOAW by Firuzah Wardak.[13]
Migration, later life and death
After 1986 she remained in Afghanistan until May 1992. Ratebzad and some members of her family were forced to escape the
References
- ^ a b "زن پیشتاز جنبش چپ افغانستان؛ تصاویری از زندگی آناهیتا راتبزاد". bbc.co.uk. 2014-09-17. Retrieved 2014-09-17.
- ^ "Ratebzad, Anahita (1931—) | Encyclopedia.com".
- ^ Ahmed-Ghosh, Huma. "A History of Women in Afghanistan: Lessons Learnt for the Future or Yesterdays and Tomorrow: Women in Afghanistan". Journal of International Women's Studies.
- ^ a b "رهنورد زریاب: آزادی سیاسی تنها دستآورد دوران جدید افغانستان است |". Archived from the original on 2018-02-23. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
- ^ "Kvinnorna i Afghanistan tog av sig slöjan redan 1959 | Internationalen". www.internationalen.se. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
- ISBN 9781442664968.
- ^ The Kabul Times Annual, Volume 1, p121
- ^ Mitrokhin, Vasili (July 2002). "The KGB in Afghanistan" (PDF). Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. p. 132. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
- ^ Louis Dupree (2014) Afghanistan Princeton University Press, p653
- ZMag. Archived from the originalon 2001-11-25. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
- ISBN 9781851094028.
- ISBN 9780199973750.
- ^ "Democratic Organization of Afghan Women (1965) – FREE Democratic Organization of Afghan Women (1965) information | Encyclopedia.com: Find Democratic Organization of Afghan Women (1965) research". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
- ^ "Funeral of Dr. Anahita Ratebzad". esalat.org. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
- Arnold, Anthony. Afghanistan's Two-Party Communism: Parcham and Khalq. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1983.