Berlin Cathedral
Berlin Cathedral | |
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Berliner Dom | |
Religion | |
Affiliation |
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Province | St. Erasmus Chapel |
Location | |
Location | Cölln, a historical neighbourhood of Berlin, Germany |
Geographic coordinates | 52°31′9″N 13°24′4″E / 52.51917°N 13.40111°E |
Architecture | |
Architect(s) |
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Style |
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Completed |
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Construction cost | 11.5 million marks (1905) |
Specifications | |
Direction of façade | west |
Length | 114 metres (374 ft), shorter since the demolition of the northern memorial hall in 1975 |
Width | 74 metres (243 ft) |
Dome height (outer) | 115 metres (377 ft) (until destruction 1944) |
Materials | originally brick, since 1905, Silesian sandstone |
Website | |
www |
Berlin Cathedral (
Since the demolition of the
Term
Berlin Cathedral (German: Berliner Dom) is the common name for the Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church (German: Oberpfarr- und Domkirche zu Berlin) in Berlin, Germany.
The Dom is the parish church of the congregation Gemeinde der Oberpfarr- und Domkirche zu Berlin, a member of the umbrella organisation
History
Berlin Cathedral has a long history starting as a
Establishment of a Collegiate Church in Berlin (1451–1536)
The history of today's Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church and its community dates back to 1451. In that year Prince-Elector
On 7 April 1465 – at Frederick Irontooth's request –
The Collegiate Church in the former Black Friars' Church of St. Paul's south of the Palace (1536–1747)
In 1535, Prince-Elector
In 1538, a new western façade with two towers was attached to the collegiate church, which – due to its prior status as a church of a
In 1608, the year of his accession to the throne, Prince-Elector
In 1667, the dilapidated double-tower façade was torn down and in 1717 Martin Böhme erected a new Baroque façade with two towers. With the effect of 1 January 1710, Cölln was united with Berlin under the latter name. In 1747, the Supreme Parish Church was completely demolished to clear space for the baroque extension of Berlin Palace.
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The Supreme Parish Church with its double-tower façade of 1538 with northerly adjacent parts of Berlin's Palace. Miniature shown in the present church building.
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View of the interior of the Supreme Parish Church in 1705 (the only known graphic with this view)
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The Supreme Parish Church in 1736 with its new towers
The Supreme Parish Church in its new Building north of the Palace (1750–1893)
On 6 September 1750, the new baroque Calvinist Supreme Parish Church was inaugurated, built by Johann Boumann the Elder in 1747–1750. The electoral tombs were transferred to the new building. The new structure covered a space north of the palace, which is still covered by the present building.[9]
In 1817, under the auspices of King
In celebration of the Union
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Miniature of the Supreme Parish Church in Berlin, as built by J. Boumann the Elder in 1750
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The Supreme Parish Church after Schinkel's remodelling, c. 1830
Modern Berlin Cathedral (1893–present)
However, in the 19th century, a new building was under discussion, but the post-Napoleonic poverty made its realization impossible. After dismantling the movable interior (altar, paintings, sarcophagi), Boumann's building was demolished in 1893 and Julius and Otto Raschdorff, father and son, built the present Supreme Parish and Cathedral Church in exuberant forms of high Neo-Renaissance style.[9]
With no separation of Protestant church and state of
In 1940, the blast waves of
In 1975, reconstruction started, simplifying the building's original design and demolishing the north wing, the 'Denkmalskirche' – Memorial Church. Compared by some to the Medici Chapel, it had survived the war completely intact but was demolished for ideological reasons by the communist government due to it being a hall of honour for the Hohenzollern dynasty. This resulted in scaffolding for restoration appearing on the church while detonation charges were applied to its undamaged rear. The government also demanded the removal of as many crosses as possible. The demolition and redesign cost 800,000 marks, while the restoration (done on the cheap) cost just 50,000 marks.[14] The Berlin Cathedral Building Society now seek to rebuild the Denkmalskirche.[15]
In 1980, the
Music
"SIEHE, ICH BIN BEI EUCH ALLE TAGE BIS AN DER WELT ENDE."
("SEE, I WILL BE BY YOU ALL THE DAYS UNTIL THE END OF THE WORLD.")
—Biblical sentence (Matthew 28:20) above the main entrance to Berlin Cathedral (on the left)
Main organ
"UNSER GLAUBE IST DER SIEG, DER DIE WELT UEBERWUNDEN HAT."
("OUR FAITH IS THE VICTORY THAT CONQUERED THE WORLD.")
—Biblical sentence (1 John 5:4) above the main entrance to Berlin Cathedral (on the right)
The pipe organ, built by Wilhelm Sauer, was fully restored during reconstruction. It has 113 stops, including three ranks of 32' pipes on the pedal division, played by a 4-manual console:[12]
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- II/I, III/I, IV/I, Super I, III/II, IV/II, Super II, IV/III, I/P, II/P, III/P, IV/P
- 3 Freie Kombinationen, Mezzoforte, Forte, Tutti, Rohrwerke, Jalousieschweller III. Manual, Jalousieschweller IV. Manual, Jalousieschweller Vox humana, Handregister ab, Rückpositiv ab.
Ensembles
Contributing to the cathedral's comprehensive concert programme is their own set of choirs (Berliner Domkantorei) and a brass ensemble (Berliner Dombläser). Berlin Cathedral is also the main place of activity for the renowned boys' choir Staats- und Domchor Berlin, an institution of the Berlin University of the Arts. Since Advent 2015, The English Choir Berlin, a multinational SATB adult choir, sings Choral Evensong (Domvesper in anglikanisher Tradition) monthly on a Saturday evening and, from time to time sings at Sunday morning divine services.
See also
References
Citations
- ^ "Information for pupils and teachers". Berliner Dom. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- ^ "The 'Hohenzollern' crypt". Berliner Dom.
- ISBN 978-3-7338-0188-5.
- ^ a b c Gottschalk 1985, p. 171
- ISBN 978-3-9361-0300-7.
- ius patronatusover that church.
- ^ Gottschalk 1985, p. 169
- ^ Kühne & Stephani 1986, p. 361
- ^ a b c d Kühne & Stephani 1986, p. 362
- ^ In 1695 Berlin's second Calvinist church was erected, called Parochial Church, i.e. parish church, as opposed to the Supreme Parish Church then colloquially called Collegiate of Palace Church.
- ^ From then on Calvinist immigrants, as from Bohemia, France (Huguenots), Juliers-Cleves-Berg, the Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, and Wallonia were very welcome in Berlin and all the Electorate of Brandenburg in order to build up a considerable minority, being religiously a power base of the Hohenzollern.
- ^ OCLC 33188606.
- ^ Jonnson, Annysa (17 May 2018). "Religious artwork, ritual items retrieved from charred remains of Trinity church". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved 15 September 2018.[failed verification]
- ^ Schnitzler, Katja (6 June 2013). "Am liebsten hätten sie alle Kreuze verschwinden lassen" [They would have preferred to make all the crosses disappear]. Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). Munich.
- ^ "Berliner Dom". Berlijn.com (in Dutch). 19 September 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2018.[failed verification]
Bibliography
- Gottschalk, Wolfgang (1985). Altberliner Kirchen in Historischen Ansichten. Würzburg: Weidlich. ISBN 978-3-8035-1262-8.
- Kühne, Günther; Stephani, Elisabeth (1986) [1978]. Evangelische Kirchen in Berlin (2nd ed.). Berlin: CZV-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7674-0158-7.
External links
- Official website
- Berlin Cathedral at Panoramas of German Cities
- Berlin webcam including view of Berlin Cathedral and the Palace of the Republic by Deutsches Historisches Museum
- Three-dimensional view of Berlin Cathedral (without plugin English, German, Spanish)