Bioenergy in Turkey

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

bioethanol production and use has been suggested to supplement Turkey's energy needs, reduce dependency on fossil fuel imports and cut greenhouse gas emissions
.

Overview

Turkey is highly dependent on fossil fuels for its energy needs, contributing to increasing greenhouse gas emissions and raising concerns over energy security.[1] Since 1980, Turkey has considered using biomass for energy and heating, and in the 2010s included a biomass component in its target of achieving 20% renewable energy by 2023.[1] The economic biomass potential of Turkey is 32 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe)/year.[2] Total biomass production is estimated to reach 52.5 Mtoe by 2030.[3] An estimated 6.5 million homes in Turkey use biomass as their main source of heating fuel.[3]

Waste from the country's vast

better source needed] Biomass as an energy source is advantageous due to its ability to be readily available all year round.[3][need quotation to verify
]

sustainable aviation fuel. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage has been suggested[by whom?] to remove residual greenhouse gas emissions after net zero in 2053.[9]

There are drawbacks to using biomass as energy in Turkey. These include but are not limited to: availability (seasonally and geographically), production (based on climate conditions), and cost of transportation. Overall, the cost of biomass waste varies depending on Turkey's economic status and crop production.[3] As of 2022 there are no reliable production or export statistics.[10]

Biogas

Manure from animal agriculture in Turkey has potential to generate significant biogas for energy.

There is significant biogas generation potential in Turkey.[11] More than eighty five million tons of animal waste is produced annually in Turkey. This could be used to produce over 1.8 million tons of oil equivalent (toe). With plant waste included the potential raises to over 5.3 million tons of oil equivalent (toe).[12] A 2022 study estimated the country's biogas potential at 7 billion m3 per year.[13] However, only 85 biogas facilities with 36 plants are currently[when?] in operation in Turkey.[11] Eastern and Central Anatolia have the greatest potential for electricity generation from animal waste.[14] The world's largest landfill gas power plant began operating in 2020 in Istanbul.[15]

Biofuel

One percent of fuel requirements in Turkey are produced by biofuels, with an estimated increase of seven percent in 2023.[16]

Biojet production is hoped to be certified in 2022.[17] A biodiesel plant is planned.[18][needs update] The European Union and Ministry of Industry and Technology funded the establishment of a biorefinery in Istanbul, which converts processes algae biomass into biofuel and other products.[19]

Bioethanol

Sugar beets are the main source of bioethanol production in Turkey.

In 2011, Turkish Energy Regulatory Agency (EMRA) mandated biofuel blending for bioethanol (2%) and

better source needed
]

See also

References

  1. ^
    S2CID 159150912
    .
  2. ^
    ISSN 0301-4215
    .
  3. ^
    S2CID 114342109
    .
  4. ^
    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    . 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  5. UNIDO
    . 30 August 2021. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  6. ^
    S2CID 236478622
    .
  7. ISBN 978-1-83881-001-6
    , retrieved 2024-01-18
  8. PMID 36813199
    .
  9. ^ "Net Zero 2053: A Roadmap for the Turkish Electricity Sector" (PDF).
  10. ^ "Concern grows that increased Turkish biomass exports originate from Russia". Bioenergy Insight Magazine. 9 December 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
  11. ^ a b "Assessment of actual framework conditions and potentials for Biogas investments in Turkey" (PDF). Turkish-German biogas project.
  12. ^ "Biogas Energy In Turkey".
  13. S2CID 247503461
    .
  14. S2CID 225007329
    .
  15. ^ "Istanbul completes first phase of world's biggest landfill gas power plant". Balkan Green Energy News. 2020-09-17. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
  16. ^
    ISSN 0961-9534
    .
  17. ^ "Türkiye'de biyokütle santralleri 2021'deki elektrik üretiminin yüzde 2,3'ünü karşıladı" [Biomass power plants in Turkey met 2.3 percent of electricity production in 2021]. Anadolu Agency (in Turkish). 7 January 2022.
  18. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-01. Retrieved 2014-11-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. ^ "New €6 million project in Istanbul is turning algae into bio-jet fuel". euronews. 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  20. ProQuest 1439843299
    .
  21. ^ http://www.thefarmsite.com/reports/contents/TurkeySugar9May2014.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

External links

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