Brahmapur, Odisha

Coordinates: 19°18′54″N 84°47′39″E / 19.3150°N 84.7941°E / 19.3150; 84.7941
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Berhampur" redirects here. For Other uses, see Brahmapur (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Berhampore.

Brahmapur
Barampur
Berhampur
UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
760001–760010
Telephone code0680
Vehicle registration
  • OR-07 (old)
  • OD-07
Websitewww.bdabrahmapur.in
www.berhampur.gov.in

Brahmapur (pronounced [bɾɔhmɔpuɾ]; also known as Barampur or Berhampur) is a city on the eastern coastline of Odisha, India.[3][4]

Etymology

The name of the city is said to have been derived from the name of Lord Brahmeswara, worshipped in a temple at Lathi, 4 km from the main town.[5]

History

Maurya Dynasty along with Dhauli as evident from the edicts found at both places. Specific history about the place and civilisation does not exist after the Maurya Dynasty and the fort is now buried.[5]

Brahmapur is also known as the Silk city for its famous Berhampur Patta (Silk) Sarees. The Chief of the Dera community, Kota Chandramani Kubera Senapati, led his community people to migrate to Mohuri (Brahmapur) who settle down into their hereditary profession of weaving tussar silken products or Patta Matha. They migrated to the city from Rajahmundry (they were known as Debanga there) sometime during the period 1662-1672 on the request of the then Raja Harihar Narayan Deo of Mohuri zamindari. The cult of Buddhi Thakurani Yatra also originated along with the emergence of weaver community in here. They started the Ghata Yatra (Pot Festival) for the purpose of highlighting the tradition of worshiping the Godesses as well as to use it as a platform for sales promotion of their silken products.[6][7]

Period of British Rule

The Ganjam Garhjat area was consisted of 22 zamindaris of various royal lineages. The French invaded Ganjam in 1759 (in the battle of Deccan) and quit in 1763. The British imposed their authority over southern Odisha in 1766 and placed the whole region under the

Taluk and was kept under a senior Assistant Collector. The present Revenue Divisional Commissioner (RDC) residence was his residence. In 1867, Brahmapur was declared as a Municipality area and this being a part of Madras Presidency, it attracted further influx of settlers from south because of better engagement in business sectors. The bi-lingualism (Odia and Telugu) prevails since that time. The Brahmapur railway station started functioning by 1900. This had profound effects in the transport system and mobility of passengers. The population in 1901 was 25729 which increased to 62343 by 1951 as per census report. The colonial town generated a considerable amount of interest among Indian scholars who linked the important issues of modernity, national aspirations, notions of citizenship and the creation of new artistic sensibilities. The city is also known for its love for the theatre and cinema. The Ganjam Kala Parishad and Prakasam Hall are one of the oldest theatre halls in the country. The Sri Sitaram Vilas Talkies is the oldest movie hall in Odisha which was established in 1927 but closed down after the devastating 1999 Odisha cyclone.[8][9][10][11]

Role in Orissa Province formation

Brahmapur was where

Orissa division from Central Provinces and Berar on 1 September 1905. Although the long standing claims of Odias of Ganjam was ignored. On 1912, Bihar and Orissa Province
formed without Ganjam district and Vizagapatnam Agency. Although Telugus opposed the amalgamation of Brahmapur, the leaders of the Andhra Movement advocated that, provinces were to be created on a linguistic basis. Some distinguished Telugu gentlemen like Dr. B.Pattabhisitarameya, an ardent nationalist, proposed to include Odia regions of Ganjam and Vizagapatnam to merge with Orissa. N. Subha Rao, a Telugu member of the
Madras
and presented memorandum claiming merger. The commission recommended the merger on the basis of linguistic pattern and appoint a sub-committee, to conduct detailed investigation. The report of the Simon Commission led to the summoning of the
Government of India Act of 1935 was passed by the British Parliament and the Orissa Province was formed in 1st April 1936.[12]

Administration

The city is administered by the Brahmapur Municipal Corporation (BeMC). The city used to be the first municipality which was formed in 1867, and was upgraded to a municipal corporation on 29 December 2008. The Municipal body completed its 150 years in 2017.[13]

The Revenue Divisional Commissioner (RDC) of Southern range is located in Brahmapur and covers the undivided Ganjam, Koraput, Kandhamal and Kalahandi districts.

The headquarters for Brahmapur Tehsil, District Education Office (Ganjam) and Brahmapur Sub-Division are also situated here.

Demographics

Literacy rates in Brahmapur
Male
 
 93.83%
Female
 
 85.92%
Total
 
 90.04%

As of 2011 Census of India (provisional), the population of Berhampur was 355,823, of which 185,584 were males and 170,239 were females making it the fourth most populous urban city in Odisha state[14] and 126th in India.

The effective literacy rate of Berhampur was 90.04%, higher than the national average of 74.04%. Male and female literacy rates were 93.83% and 85.92%, respectively. 8.2% of the population were children ages 0–6 years. The adult and child sex ratios were 917 and 898 females per 1000 males, respectively.[14]

As of 2021 Census of India (provisional), the population of Berhampur was 356,598, of which 185,754 were males and 170,844 were females making it the fourth most populous urban city in Odisha state[15] and 126th in India.

The effective literacy rate of Berhampur was 81.20%, higher than the national average of 77.70%. Male and female literacy rates were 84.40% and 77.73%, respectively. 9.02% of the population were children ages 0–6 years. The overall sex ratio was 919 and child sex ratio was 909.[15]

Religion in Brahmapur[16]
Hinduism
 
 96.48%
Islam
 
 2.03%
Christianity
 
 1.18%

Climate and regional setting

Maximum summer temperature is 40 °C; minimum winter temperature is 22 °C. The mean daily maximum temperature varies from 27 °C to 32 °C. May is the hottest month; January is the coldest. The average annual rainfall is 1190 mm and the region receives monsoon and torrential rainfall from July to October.

Climate data for Berhampur, Odisha
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 27.4
(81.3) 		29.1
(84.4) 		30.9
(87.6) 		31.7
(89.1) 		32.8
(91.0) 		32.5
(90.5) 		30.8
(87.4) 		31.0
(87.8) 		31.5
(88.7) 		31.0
(87.8) 		29.2
(84.6) 		27.5
(81.5) 		30.5
(86.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 16.7
(62.1) 		19.3
(66.7) 		22.4
(72.3) 		25.1
(77.2) 		26.8
(80.2) 		26.8
(80.2) 		25.9
(78.6) 		25.9
(78.6) 		25.7
(78.3) 		23.7
(74.7) 		19.3
(66.7) 		16.5
(61.7) 		22.8
(73.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 10
(0.4) 		16
(0.6) 		21
(0.8) 		17
(0.7) 		42
(1.7) 		151
(5.9) 		208
(8.2) 		227
(8.9) 		193
(7.6) 		232
(9.1) 		68
(2.7) 		5
(0.2) 		1,190
(46.8)
Source: en.climate-data.org

Educational institutions

Culture and contemporary life

Brahmapur is famous for its food and markets and also known as food capital of Odisha.

Most famous markets are Annapurna Market, Bada Bazaar, Sano Bazaar, Bhapur Bazaar, Giri Market, Hanuman Market, Ganesh Market and Sai Complex. The mango market of Brahmapur is one of the largest wholesale mango markets in India.[52] The Balunkeswara Bana Market here is one of the largest in the state.[5]

Arts

Brahmapur has been an important site of the state's culture due to its unique Odia culture and has held several national level Odia and Telugu literary meets.[53]

Sri Sitaram Vilas Talkies (SSVT) was the first cinema theatre in Odisha.[54]

There has been a critical lack of museums. The open air Scrap Museum near ITI is one of the largest in India.[55]

Festivals

The Thakurani Jatra(biennial) is the most important festival in the city and is one of the state festivals of Odisha.[6] The cult of Buddhi Thakurani originated along with the emergence of Brahmapur town in and around 1672 AD. The Ghata Yatra was initiated for the purpose of highlighting the tradition of worshiping Thakurani as well as to use it as a platform for sales promotion of silken products.

The date for Thakurani Yatra was fixed by the yatra management committee at the house of Desi Behera, Chief of the Dera community. Buddhi Thakurani is considered as the daughter of the Desi Behera and the deity stays with her father's family during the entire Yatra period.[6]

Notable people


Transportation

Road

Brahmapur city is connected with National Highways NH-16 (Chennai–Kolkata), NH-59 (Brahmapur-Khariar), NH-516 (Narendrapur-Gopalpur), State Highway 17 (Odisha) and State Highway 22 (Odisha) which connect almost all other cities and towns of Odisha.

Three-wheeler auto taxis are the most important mode of transportation in this city, with Taxis also on the city's roads. Online "C-cabs" and "ola" taxi-service app is also available. The state government has constructed a new bus station at Haladiapadar, at the outskirts of the city. The Ganjam Urban Transport Services Limited (GUTSL) with joint partnership with Odisha State Road Transport Corporation (OSRTC) have an agreement to run a city-bus service for Brahmapur to urban centres on its periphery (Chatrapur, Gopalpur and Hinjili, Taratarini, Bhairabi) since 27 February 2014.[58][59]

Rail

Brahmapur is served by its own railway station under the Khurda Road division of East Coast Railway, and is situated in the Howrah - Chennai Main Line.

Air

The city has an airport at Rangeilunda.[60] The airstrip was in use during British Raj and World War II. However, post independence, it has lied in a dilapidated condition with no scope of expansion due to its adjacence to Berhampur University. Demands for a new greenfield airport have been echoing throughout the years but have remained futile due to government inaction.[60]

In 2018, the airport was selected for developing it into a commercial airport by the government's UDAN scheme. In view of this, in March 2023, it started commercial operations to Bhubaneswar, with flights operated twice a week.[61]

Sea

The Gopalpur port was recommisioned after renovation and expansion.[62]

Politics

Brahmapur is under the jurisdiction of

Gopalpur Assembly Constituency
spread over the city.

References

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  2. ^ "Berhampur City" (PDF).
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  4. ^ Mohanty, Hrusikesh (7 March 2019). "Berhampur pips Bhubaneswar to become cleanest city in state". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  5. ^ a b c "OdishaDistrict Gazetteers Ganjam" (PDF). Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
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  62. ISSN 0971-751X
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