Cuttack district
Cuttack district | ||
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Precipitation 1,501.3 millimetres (59.11 in) | | |
Avg. summer temperature | 40 °C (104 °F) | |
Avg. winter temperature | 10 °C (50 °F) | |
Website | cuttack |
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Cuttack district is one of the 30
History
The history of the district is the same as that of Odisha owing to the strategic location of Cuttack city. The city in some form or the other has been an administrative centre since the Kesari kings of the 10th century. The fort at Barabati continued to be the capital of the
The subdivision of Banki comprising the feudatory state of Banki and zamindari of Dampada was added to the district in 1840 after the Raja was deposed for murder. The district reached its greatest extent after 1948 when the princely states of Narasinghpur, Baramba, Athagad and Tigiria were added to the district post their accession to India. Subdivisions like Gram Panchayats and Community Developments blocks were introduced in 1962. A small portion of the district adjoining Bhubaneswar was transferred to Puri district that year.
Before the division of the district in 1992, it was the largest in Odisha by population. It had no less than 42 blocks and six subdivisions with headquarters at Banki, Athagad, Cuttack,
Geography and Climate
The district covers an area of 3,932 km2. The geographical location of the district is 20,4625° N latitude and 85.8830° E longitude. The average annual precipitation over the district is about 1,440 mm, most of which occurs during south-west monsoon period (June to September). The temperature seems moderate for the area throughout the year except for the summer season (March to mid-June), where the average maximum temperature is 41 °C. The average minimum temperature over the district is 10 °C.[2]
The district is divided into two distinct geographic regions. The Sadar subdivision mostly consists of the alluvial delta formed by the River Mahanadi and its distributaries. The width of the delta stretches to about 60–75 kilometres from the coast. The land is mostly flat and is intersected by numerous channels, active and abandoned, of the Mahanadi system. Few isolated hillocks near Cuttack form the only break in the plain. The land is often waterlogged during the Monsoon and an elaborate system of canals, embankments and weirs is used for both flood control and irrigation. Paddy is the primary crop and is grown throughout the year. The villages are located on an artificial high ground and are usually surrounded by copses of banyan, mango and other large trees. Most villages have one or more tanks called pokharis that supply their fresh water needs.
The Athagad and Banki subdivisions consist of broken hill country on either side of the Mahanadi river. Most of the hills are of low height and present a rounded appearance reaching a maximum of around 2500 feet along the border with
Administration
The district is headed by a collector and district magistrate, usually from the Indian Administrative Service. The collector combines revenue collection functions with law and order responsibilities under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. He is also the lynchpin of development activities in the district and chairs numerous committees to oversee the same. In his day-to-day functions, he is assisted by two additional district magistrates who look after Revenue and General Administration. The district is divided into a total of 15 Tahsils each headed by a Tahsildar for land revenue purposes.[3]
Development activities in the district under the Panchayati Raj Department are overseen by the project director, District Rural Development Agency. The Collector is the ex-officio CEO of this agency. A total of 14 blocks under the Orissa Panchayat Samiti Act are operational in the district each headed by a Block Development Officer who reports directly to the project director and the collector.
Policing is the responsibility of the
The three subdivisions of Banki, Athagad and Sadar are each headed by a Sub Collector cum Sub Divisional Magistrate who exercises most of the powers of the Collector in his jurisdiction. His police counterpart is the Subdivisional Police Officer. The Sub Collector exercises both direct and indirect control over the Tahsils, Blocks and Police Stations in his jurisdiction.
The urban areas of Cuttack, Banki, Athagad and Choudwar are constituted as municipal bodies. Cuttack Municipal Corporation is usually headed by a senior Indian Administrative Service officer called the municipal commissioner who is independent from the collector in his day-to-day functioning. The other three urban bodies have executive officers who report to the project director, District Urban Development Authority and the Collector.[4]
The district and Sessions Judge of Cuttack handles both civil and criminal cases. He is assisted by a number of additional district judges, civil judges and magistrates at the headquarters. At the subdivision level, the Sub Divisional Judicial Magistrate heads the criminal justice system.
Education
Cuttack city is the educational hub of Odisha and is home to numerous institutions of repute. The main colleges and universities located in Cuttack include the
Transport
Cuttack's location places it at the centre of the road and railway network in Odisha.
The main-line of the
take off from the district. Almost all trains passing through have a stop at Cuttack.Waterways were formerly extremely important but are almost extinct now. Limited boating takes place for pleasure or fishing on the Mahanadi. The nearest airport,
Economy
Cuttack is widely known as the commercial capital of Odisha. It is believed to have the largest GDP among all cities in Odisha due to its large business houses and wide range of industries ranging from ferrous alloys, steel and logistics to agriculture and traditional industries like textiles and handicrafts. There are many trading houses in the city renowned nationally and internationally. The
Large-scale industries
There are 11 large-scale industries in and around Cuttack mostly in
, Cuttack. A mega-auto complex is in implementation stages on the city's outskirts.Traditional industries
The legacy of Cuttack in traditional industries is enviable. The city is second-largest hub for textiles in eastern India after Raipur. The city's annual textile trade generates over a billion dollars. A large textile park is planned by giving a facelift to the erstwhile Orissa Textile Mills on city outskirts. Cuttack is famous for its glory of craftsmanship of handicraft work in silver filigree. These fine and unique handicraft works add significantly to the local economy.
Logistics and other industries
The number of medium- and small-scale industries concentrated around Cuttack is by far the largest among the cities in the state. The industrial estates in and around Cuttack numbers around eight. Jagatpur and Khapuria are industrial estates inside the city. A large chunk of these serve as ancillary industries for the big industrial houses in Odisha and other states.
Cuttack occupies a very significant place in the logistics map of the country. It connects the upper mineral-advanced districts and states to the Kolkata-Chennai corridor at the meeting point of NH-42 and NH-5 at Manguli Square.
The proximity to
Primary and service sector
Agriculture is a mainstay of Cuttack's economy. The nearby villages are known for their high-quality and surplus production of crops, vegetables and fruits. These are usually sold at the largest mandi of the state at Chatrabazar inside the city. The presence of Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI), the largest rice research institute in Asia, adds to the importance of Cuttack in the agricultural map of the country.
Being the former capital of the state and a big business hub, many central and state government and corporate offices are in Cuttack. The service sector is quite large. The people of nearby districts are heavily depended on the city for their livelihood, contributing to the service sector and, thus, the floating population. The presence of
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1901 | 816,086 | — |
1911 | 835,867 | +0.24% |
1921 | 812,372 | −0.28% |
1931 | 864,780 | +0.63% |
1941 | 905,515 | +0.46% |
1951 | 935,593 | +0.33% |
1961 | 1,131,236 | +1.92% |
1971 | 1,414,425 | +2.26% |
1981 | 1,719,771 | +1.97% |
1991 | 2,052,936 | +1.79% |
2001 | 2,340,832 | +1.32% |
2011 | 2,624,470 | +1.15% |
source:[5] |
According to the
Religion
Hindus are the overwhelming majority of the district's population with more than 93.65% of the population practising
Christians number about 0.46% of the population and are almost all descendants of converts from Hinduism. They are concentrated in Cuttack city and a couple of nearby villages in
A small community of Mahayana Buddhists numbering around 6,000 are found in the villages of Maniabandh and Nuapatna in Baramba and Tigiria blocks. This is the last remnant of a much larger Buddhist community that dominated Odisha for close to a thousand years till the 14th century. Almost all of them are weavers and produce the well regarded Maniabandh sarees. Apart from the usual Buddhist deities, a large number of Hindu deities are also a part of their pantheon. They are unique in being the only indigenous Buddhists to have survived outside the Himalayas in mainland India.[citation needed]
Small communities of Sikhs and Jains are also found in Cuttack city. They are mostly traders and maintain strong links with their brethren in other parts of India.[citation needed]
Languages
At the time of the
Odia is the language of the Odia people and is spoken throughout the district. It is often the only language spoken outside the urban areas. Cuttack dialect of Odia language is widely considered to be the standard form of the Odia language and is frequently used in Odia newspapers, medium of the instruction in schools and colleges, cinemas and literary works.
Cuttack city also has small Bengali and Telegu communities who migrated during the late 19th century. The former were government officials or employed in the courts and offices while the latter were mostly labourers and menial workers. They speak their respective languages with significant Odia admixture.
Politics
Under the three-tier system of
The Zila Parishad is an elected body entrusted with the responsibility to oversee development activities in the district. It has 46 members including a president and a vice president. The collector is the ex-officio CEO of the Zila Parishad with the project director as the executive officer. The Panchayat Samitis are similar bodies at the block level with the block development officer as CEO. Gram Panchayats occupy the lowest rung and are headed by a Sarpanch assisted by an executive officer. Other Panchayat level officials include the Junior Engineer and the Gram Rozgar Sewak.
Most of Cuttack district is a part of the
The following are the 9 Vidhan sabha constituencies[10][11] of Cuttack district and their elected members[12] of that area
No. | Constituency | Reservation | Extent of the Assembly Constituency (Blocks) | Member of 16th Assembly | Party |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
87 | Baramba
|
None | Baramba, Narasinghapur | Debi Prasad Mishra | BJD |
88 | Banki | None | Banki (NAC), Banki, Banki-Damapara, Baranga (part) | Debi Ranjan Tripathy | BJD |
89 | Athgarh | None | Athgarh (NAC), Athgarh, Tigiria, Tangi-Chowdwar (part) | Ranendra Pratap Swain | BJD |
90 | Barabati-Cuttack
|
None | Cuttack (MC) (part) | Mohammad Moquim | INC |
91 | Choudwar-Cuttack | None | Chowdwar (M), Chowdwar (O. G), Charbatia (C. T), Cuttack (MC) (part), Tangi-Chowdwar (part) | Souvic Biswal | BJD |
92 | Niali | SC | Niali, Kantapada, Baranga (part) | Pramod Kumar Mallick | BJD |
93 | Cuttack Sadar | SC | Cuttack Sadar, Cuttack (MC) (part), Nischintakoili (part) | Chandra Sarathi Behera | BJD |
87 | Salipur
|
None | Salipur, Tangi-Chowdwar (part) | Prasanta Behera | BJD |
95 | Mahanga | None | Mahanga, Nischintakoili (part) | Pratap Jena | BJD |
See also
- Salepur
- Sisua village
- Oriya Literature
- Oriya language
- Odisha
- Jagannath
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h "District Census Handbook 2011 - Cuttack" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- S2CID 11416484.
- ^ "Administrative Setup | District Cuttack , Government of Odisha | India".
- ^ "CMC at a Glance – Cuttack municipal corporation".
- ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
- ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
Kuwait 2,595,62
- ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
Nevada 2,700,551
- ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Odisha". Census of India, 2011. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Odisha". Census of India 2011. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent
- ^ Seats of Odisha
- ^ "List of Member in Sixteenth Assembly". ws.ori.nic.in. Archived from the original on 2 May 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
MEMBER NAME